Shearing interferometer using low-coherent light source and calcite prism

A shearing interferometer using a low-coherent light source and calcite prism is proposed in this paper. The calcite prism is the shear plate that generates sheared wavefronts with optical-path difference induced only by the contour of the specimen. Low-coherent light source is thus available while the interferometer is adopted for contour derivative determinations. The design of this interferometer is introduced, a setup constructed to realize the interferometer is described, and the experimental results from the uses of the setup are finally presented.     

一种具有深度值的莫尔轮廓图

提出一种具有深度值的莫尔轮廓图。将一称为高标的正圆锥与被测物一起置于粗光栅之后 ,平行光照明 ,远场拍照。在所拍图片上高标的高度值 (已知 )除以高标上的等高线数即可求得相邻等高线的深度值 ,进而直接在莫尔轮廓图上读出任一点到基准点的深度差值     

基于圆结构光照明和LED照明相结合的三维检测技术

针对孔内表面的检测问题,提出了一种新的基于结构光照明和LED照明相结合的三维检测技术。该方法主要包括三个步骤:首先通过圆结构光照明获取孔内表面的截面轮廓图像,并通过图像处理和系统标定得到当前截面上局部区域的深度值;然后通过平面光照明得到孔内表面的平面图像,并在分析成像关系的前提下,在对平面图像进行坐标变换后得到孔内表面的展开图像,结合图像处理算法,提取展开图像的局部区域的平面尺寸信息;最后将圆结构光数据和LED光源数据变换到同一全局坐标系下,得到内表面的三维信息。     

Some comments on band contour methods

The validity of the band contour method for obtaining rotational constants from unresolved bands is examined, particularly with regards to the matching of intensities for the contour. This question is reviewed in the light of current theories of band models, and suggestions and recommendations are made for valid procedures for intensity comparisons. A brief summary of available programs for the theoretical calculation of contours is given.     

基于深度玻尔兹曼模型的红外与可见光图像融合

为了克服红外与可见光图像融合时噪声干扰及易产生伪影导致目标轮廓不鲜明、对比度低的缺点,提出一种基于深度模型分割的图像融合方法.首先,采用深度玻尔兹曼机学习红外与可见光的目标和背景轮廓先验,构建轮廓的深度分割模型,通过Split Bregman迭代算法获取最优能量分割后的红外与可见光图像轮廓;然后再使用非下采样轮廓波变换对源图像进行分解,并针对所分割的背景轮廓采用结构相似度的规则进行系数组合;最后进行非下采样轮廓波反变换重构出融合图像.数值试验证明,该算法可以有效获取目标和背景轮廓均清晰的融合图像,融合结果不但具有较高的对比度,还能抑制噪声影响,具有有效性.     

罗丹明B的共振散射光谱研究

研究了罗丹明B(RhB)的共振光散射的特性与机理。在 pH =- 0 38至 pH 4 10的酸性溶液中 ,共振光散射信号随pH值增大而增强 ,近中性时散射强度达到最大。散射强度随波长的变化不符合瑞利散射定律。RhB的荧光激发光谱与发射光谱有部分重叠 ,共振散射峰处于荧光激发峰和荧光发射峰之间。在三维荧光等高线光谱图中 ,瑞利散射线与荧光等高线相交。在光偏振实验中 ,测得共振散射光的偏振度P≈ 0 1。上述实验结果揭示RhB的共振散射光主要是共振荧光。共振光散射信号随 pH值增大而增强的机理是RhB酸碱平衡移动导致荧光型体的形成。RhB的共振散射峰位于吸收曲线轮廓之中 ,共振光散射受光吸收的影响 ,因此 ,散射光强度与浓度之间不是严格的线性关系。     

Optical edge-projection method for three-dimensional profilometry

A novel optical edge-projection method is proposed for surface contouring of an object with low reflectivity. A structured light edge is projected onto a dark surface, and the image is captured by a CCD camera. The object contour is evaluated with an active triangular projection algorithm, and one obtains a whole-field three-dimensional contour of the object by scanning the optical edge over the entire object surface. The proposed method is applied to a black nonreflective object made from woven carbon fiber and is also applied to measure the profile of a small object (a coin). The results show that an accurate profile of the specimen can be obtained.     

On the Propagation of a Short Light Pulse in a Medium with a Lorentz Contour of the Spectral Gain Line

Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics - We consider an one-dimensional problem of propagation of a short light pulse in a medium with Lorentz contour of the spectral gain line. Simple approximate...     

Holographic imaging with multimode, large free spectral range lasers in photorefractive sillenite crystals

The holographic imaging of rigid objects with diode lasers emitting in many wavelengths in a sillenite Bi₁₂TiO₂₀ photorefractive crystal is both theoretically and experimentally investigated. It is shown that, due to the multi-wavelength emission and the typically large free spectral range of this light source, contour fringes appear on the holographic image corresponding to the surface relief, even in single-exposure recordings. The influence of the number of emitted modes on the fringe width is analysed, and the possible applications of the contour fringes in the field of optical metrology are pointed out. PACS 42.40; 42.62; 42.70     

各向异性光源的辐射探测算法

给出基于单围道积分的辐射探测方法,包括圆环探测和均匀探测算法,可以探测各向异性光源的辐射效果,也可以作为一种有效的可视化手段.     

Broadband light source shearing interferometer using Savart plate and angular scanning technique

A shearing interferometer based on using broadband light source, Savart plate, and angular scanning technique is proposed for slope contour measurements in this Letter. Of which, the Savart plate divides the wavefront reflected from the detected surface into two laterally displaced ones, the interference pattern generated by the interference of the divided wavefronts is modulated by an envelope function, and the slope contour of the detected surface is determined by examining the shifting of the darkest fringe as the shear plate is angularly scanned. A setup for realizing the interferometer is constructed. The experimental results of using this setup agree the validity and feasibility of the proposed interferometer.     

四孔径衍射屏在近场形成的光强分布及拓扑荷

利用基尔霍夫衍射理论计算模拟了四圆孔径衍射屏在菲涅耳深区形成的衍射光场的强度、零值线和相位的分布,发现衍射光场亮斑关于中心呈对称分布,在距离衍射屏较近的观察面上,光强值为零的点组成光强零值线段,该线段上光强等值线的离心率都接近或等于1,其两侧的光强值变化非常剧烈。复振幅的实部和虚部零值线多为封闭的曲线,零值线交叉点的个数为偶数,并且正负相位奇异点的个数相等。特殊相位奇异点周围的相位不仅呈对称分布,而且该点的拓扑荷的值近似为零。随着光波的传播,在不同的观察面上光强零值线段逐渐变短,最终趋于一点。     

Estimation of the Dispersion of Absorptance in the Region of Resonant Transitions Using the Reflection Spectra in a Fabry–Perot Interferometer

It is shown that in the region of resonant transitions the dependence of the area under the contour of the Fabry–Perot interference bands on the frequency minus the area under the envelope of the minima reflects the character of the dispersion of light absorptance.     

On the shape of absorption lines in a divergent atomic beam

The influence of the non-negligible width of the light beam on the shape of the spectral line observed in an atomic beam has been investigated theoretically. The expression obtained for the intensity distribution along the absorption line contour is studied for special cases of zinc and mercury atomic beams used in Fabry-Perot interferometry.     

Approximation of the Fraunhofer diffraction peak, produced by particles of arbitrary shape

A simple analytical formula is developed to describe light diffraction by chaotically oriented particles of arbitrary shape. The formula expresses the angular pattern through three well-defined microphysical characteristics of an ensemble: the average cross-sectional area, the average area squared, and the average length of the contour bordering the particle projection.     

Diffraction inhibition in two-dimensional photonic crystals

We show the existence of flat equal-frequency contour across the entire first Brillouin zone in two-dimensional photonic crystals. Under this condition, light diffraction can be inhibited. Moreover, the beam can be highly localized between two neighboring rows of the defect-free photonic crystal. Such a finding may have novel applications in light beam manipulations and on-chip integrated photonic devices.     

A general calculation of the 3-D disk of least confusion using skew ray tracing

A general and analytical method is proposed to determine the 3-D contour of the disk of least confusion (DLC) produced by an optical system for a point light source located at any arbitrary position in the object space. By using the skew ray tracing method, the sensitivity method, and the Jacobian matrix, we can analytically obtain the caustic and the marginal rays. Consequently, the DLC can be determined by the intersection of the obtained caustic and marginal rays. In addition, this proposed method covers common cases with special light sources, e.g. mutually parallel incident rays parallel to the optical axis, or a point light source located on the optical axis. This proposed methodology will be useful in the analysis of rays and in the design of optical systems with a general point light source. A general case is used as illustrative example to validate its applications.     

The ‘fringe method’ and its application to the measurement of deformations,vibrations, contour lines and differences of objects

A variable sensitivity technique using the projection of a fringe pattern is demonstrated for mapping deformations, vibrations, contour lines and differences between two objects. The method does not require laser illumination and gives an opportunity for studying large objects with incoherent light, and is compared with other techniques such as holography or speckle. The limitations likely to be encountered in industrial environments are discussed. The realization and incoherent projection of gratings is also discussed.     

基于偏心光束法的离焦量探测装置及计算方法的改进

引入生物显微镜用于探测病理切片离焦量。针对反射光斑内部纹理缺陷、畸变严重的特殊情况,通过自适应中值滤波、基于Ostu算法的Canny边缘检测(去除非圆弧边缘部分)、畸变校正、最小二乘法拟合非完整圆等算法,直接计算光斑半径大小及离焦方向,建立光斑半径与离焦量的线性关系模型。实验结果表明,与传统的灰度重心法相比,离焦量计算方法抗噪性强、稳定性高,可大幅度地提高线性关系模型的范围及光斑半径、圆心位置的准确度。