Flame retardancy mechanisms of phosphorus‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (DOPO‐POSS) in polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene blends

The flame retardancy mechanisms of a novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO‐POSS) in polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (PC/ABS) blends are discussed. The thermal stability of PC/ABS composites with different DOPO‐POSS loadings are investigated by TGA and the enhancement of the thermal stability could be found at high temperature range. Their fire behavior is tested by the LOI, UL‐94, and cone calorimeter. Excellent flame retardancy of PC/ABS composites have been discovered with 10 wt% DOPO‐POSS loading. TGA‐FTIR, FTIR, XPS, and SEM, respectively, are used to characterize the gaseous products and the condensed residue in thermal decomposition, and the micro‐structure of the chars from cone calorimeter tests. The decomposition of PC/ABS with 10 wt% DOPO‐POSS shows significant changes compared with PC/ABS by TGA, FTIR, TGA‐FTIR, and XPS analysis. The enhancement of the thermal‐oxidative stability of PC/ABS with DOPO‐POSS is attributed to the interaction between DOPO‐POSS and PC/ABS at high temperature, which might be the key for improvement of the flame retardancy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Syntheses and flame retarding properties of DOPO polymers,melamine polymers,and DOPO‐melamine copolymers

The 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) polymers, melamine polymers, and DOPO‐melamine copolymers have been successfully synthesized, and their flame retarding properties have also been investigated by blending with polypropylene (PP)/styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS) alloys. Experimental results establish that all of them are good polymeric flame retardants. No blooming or color stains occur when they are incorporated into PP/SEBS alloys. Among lab‐made polymeric flame retardants, DOPO‐ melamine copolymers exhibit the best thermal stability and nonflammability. PP/SEBS alloys containing DOPO‐melamine copolymers display comparable thermal resistance and flame retarding behavior (T_d = 290°C; char yield: 15.6%, LOI: 23, and flammability: UL‐94 V0) as the alloys containing common commercial flame retardants (i.e., DOPO, melamine, and ammonium polyphosphate). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of phosphorus‐grafted expandable graphite on the flame‐retardant property of UHMWPE composite

In this paper, an efficient flame retardant, 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) was covalently grafted onto the surface of expandable graphite (EG). The resultant DOPO‐grafted expandable graphite (EG‐g‐DOPO) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The thermal stability of EG‐g‐DOPO was also evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, a series of flame‐retardant ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites with various concentrations of EG‐g‐DOPO were prepared and evaluated. The results show that the UHMWPE composite with 20 wt% EG‐g‐DOPO possesses a satisfactory UL‐94 flame‐retardant grade (V‐0) and a high limiting oxygen index (30.6%). The residual char of the UHMWPE composite with higher EG‐g‐DOPO concentration shows more compact and integrated, providing an efficient barrier for heat release.     

9,10-2H-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物基1,3-苯并噁嗪树脂的合成与表征

以水杨醛、对甲基苯胺(或对氟苯胺,对甲氧基苯胺)、9,10-2H-9-氧-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)及甲醛为原料,通过三步反应合成了三个含DOPO基的1,3-苯并噁嗪化合物3a-3c.第一步,水杨醛与对位取代苯胺进行缩合反应生成亚胺(1a-1c);第二步,DOPO对亚胺进行加成反应得到仲胺(2a-2c);第三步,仲胺与甲醛在强酸性离子交换树脂催化下进行关环反应形成含DOPO的1,3-苯并噁嗪树脂.采用红外光谱、核磁共振谱和质谱等表征了化合物3a-3c,同时采用热失重分析技术测定了其热稳定性.结果表明,3a-3c由两对对映体组成,质谱条件下2a-2c和3a-3c均经裂解失去稳定的DOPO基团;3a-3c热降解反应包含两个热失重过程,分别在250和400℃下出现最大热释放速率.     

磷系阻燃环氧树脂研究

本文对近年来国内外9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）衍生物的合成及其应用于阻燃环氧树脂的方法进行介绍,并对所显示的阻燃性、热性能等作了概述和比较。将反应型磷系阻燃剂DOPO衍生物引入环氧树脂基体结构中形成阻燃持久、无卤、低烟、无毒、热稳定性好的新型含磷环氧树脂。     

Synergistic effect of DOPO immobilized silica nanoparticles in the intumescent flame retarded polypropylene composites

The synergistic effect of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) immobilized silica (SiO₂‐DOPO) nanoparticles with an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) on the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) was investigated by UL 94 vertical tests and limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements. It was found that the PP/IFR composites (25 wt%) achieved the UL94 V0 grade and LOI increased to 32.1 with an incorporation of 1.0 wt% SiO₂‐DOPO nanoparticles. Based on thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electronic microscopy and rheological analysis, it is speculated that three factors are mainly contributed to the improvement of the flame retardancy. First, the thermal stability of PP/IFR composites was improved by incorporating SiO₂‐DOPO nanoparticles. Second, the presence of SiO₂‐DOPO nanoparticles could induce the formation of a continuous char skin layer during combustion. The compact char layer could effectively impede the transport of bubbles and heat. Third, rheological analysis indicated that SiO₂‐DOPO nanoparticles could increase viscosity of the PP/IFR composites, which was also benefited to increase flame retardancy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synergistic effect of flame retardants and graphitic carbon nitride on flame retardancy of polylactide composites

In order to improve the flame retardant of polylactide (PLA), the synergistic effect of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄) with commercial‐available flame retardants melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) was investigated. The PLA composites containing 5 wt% g‐C₃N₄ and 10 wt% DOPO had a highest limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 29.5% and reached the V‐0 rating of UL‐94 test. The cone calorimeter tests exhibited that DOPO had a better synergistic effect with g‐C₃N₄ than MPP to improve flame retardancy of PLA. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of PLA composites containing 10 wt% DOPO could be reduced by 25.2% and 23.6%, respectively, as compared with those of pure PLA. The presence of rich phosphorus element and aromatic groups in DOPO contributed to obtain continuous compact char layer and increase the graphitization level of char residues, thereby, resulting in improving the flame retardancy of PLA together with g‐C₃N₄. In addition, the incorporation of DOPO can serve as a plasticizer to reduce the complex viscosity, improving the processability of PLA composites.     

中空纤维液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定纺织品中10种含氯苯酚类化合物

建立了中空纤维液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定纺织品中10种含氯苯酚类化合物的方法。系统地优化了影响萃取效率的因素,得到的最佳萃取条件为：萃取溶剂为正己烷,接受相NaOH溶液的浓度为0.10 mol/L,萃取时间为60 min,搅拌速度为600 r/min。在最佳萃取条件下,10种含氯苯酚在0.01～1.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好（r>0.999）,10种含氯苯酚的检出限（信噪比为3）为0.01 mg/kg,富集倍数为95～101。在空白样品中添加0.01、0.05和0.1 mg/kg 3个不同水平的10种含氯苯酚类化合物,其平均回收率为78.8%～105.1%,相对标准偏差为0.3%～7.3%。研究结果表明该方法灵敏度高、简便、准确,可用于纺织品中含氯苯酚类化合物的测定。     

Flame‐retardant behavior of bi‐group molecule derived from phosphaphenanthrene and triazine groups on polylactic acid

The flame‐retardant polylactic acid (PLA) has been prepared via mixing the flame retardant TGIC‐DOPO derived from phosphaphenanthrene and triazine groups into matrix. The flame retardancy of TGIC‐DOPO/PLA composites was characterized using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL94), and cone calorimeter test. Results reveal that the 10%TGIC‐DOPO/PLA composite obtained 26.1% of LOI and passed UL94 V‐0 rating. The flame‐retardant mechanism of PLA composites was characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, and TGA‐Fourier transform infrared. It discloses that TGIC‐DOPO promoted PLA decomposing and dripping early, and it also released the fragments with quenching and dilution effects. These actions of TGIC‐DOPO contribute to reducing the burning intensity and extinguishing the fire on droplets, thus imposing better flame retardancy to PLA. When TGIC‐DOPO was partly replaced by melamine cyanuric with dilution effect and hexa‐phenoxy‐cyclotriphosphazene with quenching effect in composites respectively, the results confirm that TGIC‐DOPO utilize well‐combination in dilution effect and quenching effect to flame retard PLA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of bisphenol A and 10 alkylphenols in serum using SDS micelle capillary electrophoresis with gamma-cyclodextrin.

A new micelle capillary electrophoresis based on cyclodextrin micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for the determination of bisphenol A and 10 alkylphenols in rat serum is reported. Several surfactants and dextrins were studied. Bisphenol A and alkylphenols were separated using a 50 microm x 50 cm capillary with 20 mM borate phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) containing 20 mM sodium dodecylsulfate and 5 mM gamma-cyclodextrin as carrier. The method could determine 0.6-2000 microg/mL of phenols in 100 microL serum by photometric detection at 214 nm. Using 2.0 mL serum, 1.0 ng/mL of phenols could be determined. The relative standards deviations were 6.3-7.7% at 10 microg/mL in serum. The recoveries were 91.8-93.0% with 10 microg/mL serum samples.     

纳米二氧化硅表面接枝9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物以及对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合材料阻燃性能和透明性的影响

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)是一种重要的透明高分子材料,但是PMMA的易燃性限制了其应用。 本工作在纳米二氧化硅表面接枝含磷阻燃剂9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO),并用于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的改性。 极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)和锥形量热(CCT)测试结果表明,制备的PMMA复合材料的阻燃性能大幅度提高,这主要归因于纳米粒子和含磷阻燃剂的协同阻燃作用,形成致密的炭保护层结构。 同时,二氧化硅接枝DOPO的加入可以保持PMMA良好的透明性,这有利于材料在光学透明性要求较高的领域的应用。     

A flame‐retardant DOPO‐MgAl‐LDH was prepared and applied in poly (methyl methacrylate) resin

A novel inorganic and organic composite flame retardant (9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide [DOPO]–layered double hydroxide [LDH]) was synthesized via grafting DOPO with organic‐modified Mg/Al‐LDH, which was introduced into poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin to prepare the flame‐retardant PMMA composites. Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) showed that the T_‐50% of DOPO‐LDH/PMMA composites enhanced by about 20°C, and with the 20% flame retardant, the residual char content can be increased by 39.8% in the air atmosphere compared with LDH/PMMA composites. In the UL‐94 and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests, it can be found that compared with LDH/PMMA composites, the LOI value of DOPO‐LDH/PMMA composites were raised evidently with the increased flame retardants, and the droplet combustion was greatly improved. These results could be ascribed to the action of DOPO free‐radical, catalytic charring of polymer and the effect of LDH physical barrier. Moreover, the novel DOPO‐LDH not only given PMMA a good flame‐retardant property and thermal stability, but also have higher visible light transmittance, ultraviolet‐shielding effect, and low loss of mechanical properties, which could further facilitate the wide application of inorganic environment‐friendly flame retardants in general resins and engineering resins and broaden the application of polymers.     

Synergistic flame‐retardant effect of DOPO‐based derivative and organo‐montmorillonite on glass‐fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 T

Herein, a bridged 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) derivative (PN‐DOPO) in combination with organ‐montmorillonite (OMMT) was used to improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of glass‐fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 T (GFPA6T). The flame retardancy and thermal stabilities of the cured GFPA6T composites were investigated using limiting oxygen index, vertical burning (UL‐94) test, cone calorimeter test, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphological analysis and chemical composition of the char residues after cone calorimeter tests were characterized via scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. The results indicate that 2 wt% OMMT combined with 13 wt% PN‐DOPO in GFPA6T achieved a V‐0 rating in UL‐94 test. The peak heat release rate and total smoke release remarkably decreased with the incorporation of OMMT as compared to those of GFPA6T/15 wt% PN‐DOPO. The TGA results show that the thermal stability and residual mass of the samples effectively increased with the increase in OMMT content. The morphological analysis and composition structure of the residues demonstrate that a small amount of OMMT could help form a more thermally stable and compact char layer during combustion. Also, with the incorporation of OMMT, the layers consisted of more carbon‐silicon and aluminum phosphate char in the condensed phase. Furthermore, GFPA6T/PN‐DOPO/OMMT composites exhibited excellent mechanical properties in terms of flexural modulus, flexural strength, and impact strength than the GFPA6T/PN‐DOPO system. The combination of PN‐DOPO and OMMT has improved the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of GFPA6T without compromising the mechanical properties.     

阻燃剂9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物合成中酯化反应和酰基化反应的优化

有机磷杂环化合物9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)因性能优异而作为无卤阻燃剂得到广泛应用。为了提升和改进DOPO的合成,不少文献对合成中的4个反应,即酯化反应、酰基化反应、水解反应和关环反应进行了大量研究,但是由于缺少合适的分析方法和仪器,对酯化反应和酰基化反应仍没有得出明确的结论。本文则采用了核磁共振磷谱以及测量反应产物HCl吸收碱液的温度变化两种方法,精确地得到了酯化反应和酰基化反应的优化条件。首先采用核磁共振磷谱,讨论了酯化反应温度、原料配比和加料方式对酯化反应产物组成的影响,得出了邻苯基苯氧基二氯化磷(CC)含量高的工艺条件:反应温度80℃,PCl3过量25%~50%,采用邻苯基苯酚(OPP)加入PCl3的反滴法;并得出酯化反应产物的组成直接决定了6-氯-(6氢)-二苯并-(c,e)-氧磷杂己环(CDOP)在酰基化反应产物中的含量。另通过测量HCl吸收碱液的温度变化,间接表征酰基化反应的反应速度,由此得出合适的酰基化反应温度和催化剂用量。结果为:当催化剂固定为0.2 g时,酰基化反应在150℃几乎不反应,随温度升高,反应变快,180℃下4 h完全,190℃下1.5 h即可完成;温度180℃下,1~1.5 g/1 mol OPP的催化剂较为合适,酰基化反应在3~4 h结束。     

Co-flame retarding effect of ethanolamine modified titanium-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes in epoxy resin

A metal-doped organic and inorganic hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) with a titanium atom in the POSS cage and an ethanolamine substitute group in the corner, namely MEA-Ti-POSS, was synthesized through simple condensation reaction and substitute reaction. It was blended with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to form a kind of blending-type flame retardant system for the modification of epoxy resins. The thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of cured epoxy resin composites were studied. Comparing with pure epoxy resin, the LOI value of EP/MEA-Ti-POSS/DOPO composites was raised from 25.2% to 32.7%, and the UL-94 grade reached V-0 level at a loading of the mixture of 5% MEA-Ti-POSS and 5% DOPO. In addition, the cone calorimetry results showed that the heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke production as well as smoke production rate were all reduced during the combustion of EP/MEA-Ti-POSS/DOPO composites. The residual char analysis revealed that carbon residues of EP/MEA-Ti-POSS/DOPO composite served as a physical protective layer to insulate the oxygen and combustible gases to reduce the ablation of the matrix. It was concluded that the mixture of MEA-Ti-POSS and DOPO not only effectively raised the thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy composited materials, but also improved their mechanical properties, which expanded a promising application of the metal-POSS derivatives as non-halogen additives in the flame retardant polymers.     

Synthesis and characteristics of a novel silicon‐containing flame retardant and its application in poly[2,2‐propane‐(bisphenol)carbonate]/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

Novel halogen‐free compounds [9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphanthrene‐10‐oxide/vinyl methyl dimethoxysilane/N‐β‐(aminoethyl)‐γ‐aminopropyl methyl dimethoxysilane (DOPO–VMDMS–NMDMS)] that simultaneously contain phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon have been synthesized through the reaction of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), vinyl methyl dimethoxysilane (VMDMS), and N‐β‐(aminoethyl)‐γ‐aminopropyl methyl dimethoxysilane (NMDMS). The chemical structure and properties of DOPO–VMDMS–NMDMS have been investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These synthesized flame retardants have been blended with a poly[2,2‐propane‐(bisphenol) carbonate]/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) alloy. The flame‐retardant properties of these mixture samples have been estimated with the limiting oxygen index (LOI), and the thermal stability has been characterized with TGA. The LOI value of PC/ABS/DOPO–VMDMS–NMDMS is enhanced up to 27.2 vol % from 21.2 vol %, and the char yield is also improved slightly (from 12 to 17%) with 2.8 wt % phosphorus, 3.0 wt % silicon, and 0.5 wt % nitrogen (at a 30 wt % loading of DOPO–VMDMS–NMDMS). The results show that there is a synergistic effect of the elements phosphorus, silicon, and nitrogen on the flame retardance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1542–1551, 2007     

Synergistic effect of chitosan derivative and DOPO for simultaneous improvement of flame retardancy and mechanical property of epoxy resin

In this work, the effects of a chitosan-based derivative (CSA), DOPO (9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10- phosphaphenanthreene-10-oxide) and CSA-DOPO additives on the flammable properties of EP (epoxy resin) composites were systematically studied, where CSA was synthesized by a facile condensation between chitosan (CS) and 9-anthralaldehyde. The mass ratio of CS and 9-anthralaldehyde in CSA was determined by elemental analysis and theoretical calculation. Under the 8% addition in EP, EP/2.66%/5.34%DOPO sample was the only one passing the UL-94 V-0 rating and exhibiting the highest LOI value of 36.4%. The cone calorimeter test (CC) showed that the total smoke emission value and the peak heat release rate of the EP/2.66%/5.34%DOPO decreased by 36.0% and 61.9%, and the residual char amount increased by 151%, respectively, when compared with EP. Moreover, the incorporation of CSA/DOPO effectively improved the flexural strength by 52.3%. According to the results obtained from Py-GC/MS analyses for EP and EP/2.66%CSA/5.34%DOPO samples, together with Raman spectra, XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectra) for their char residues, and the real time FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectra at different pyrolysis temperatures and cone calorimeters, it was proposed that CSA/DOPO played roles in both gaseous and condensed phases, and the synergistic effect of CSA and DOPO significantly improved the flame retardancy and mechanical strength of EP.

Graphical abstract

     

Simultaneous determination of propacetamol and paracetamol by derivative spectrophotometry

The present paper describes a procedure that phenols in air were preconcentrated in a membrane cell and their content was determined by adsorptive polarography. First, the phenols in air samples were preconcentrated in a membrane cell using 2.0 M NaOH solution, then in a pH 1.3 buffer solution p-bromophenylamine forms a diazoate with NaNO(2), and into the mixture the collected phenols were added to form azo-compound in a pH 13 buffer solution. The azo-compound can be adsorbed at the mercury electrode and yields a sensitive oscillopolarographic wave. Over the range 2.0x10(-8)-2.0x10(-5) M, the peak currents are linearly proportional to the concentration of phenols. The detection limit is 5.0x10(-9) M.     

Pyrolysis behavior of phosphorus polyesters

The pyrolysis behavior of aromatic–aliphatic polyesters containing either a pendant 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) group or a phosphine oxide group incorporated into the polymer backbone was studied using a combination of thermogravimetry and pyrolysis-GC/MS. The behavior of the phosphorus polyesters was compared to that of non-phosphorus-containing reference polymers. It could be shown that the DOPO group mainly does not interfere with the polyester decomposition. It produces two main pyrolysis products, o-hydroxybiphenyl and dibenzofuran, with the latter one requiring a higher pyrolysis temperature. Minor products containing the DOPO ring result from secondary decomposition reactions. In contrast, the phosphine oxide group strongly modifies the polyester pyrolysis behavior by decreasing the degradation temperature and changing the composition of pyrolysis products. Among of those, phosphinites and a phosphinate could be identified indicating rearrangement processes of the phosphine oxide group taking place upon pyrolysis. Mass spectra of organophosphorus products and pyrolysis schemes of polyesters are discussed.     

Crystallization,Mechanical and Flame-retardant Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Composites with DOPO and DOPO-POSS

Poly(lactic acid)(PLA) composites with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide(DOPO) and DOPOcontaining polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(DOPO-POSS) were prepared via melting extrusion and injection molding. The crystallization, mechanical, and flame-retardant properties of PLA/DOPO and PLA/DOPO-POSS were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), limiting oxygen index(LOI),and cone calorimeter test. The DSC results showed that the DOPO added could act as a plasticizer as reflected by lower glass transition temperature and inhibited crystallization of part of the PLA; the DOPO-POSS acted like a filler in the PLA matrix and slightly improved the crystallinity of the PLA matrix. The XRD and DSC analyses indicated that the PLA composites by cold molding injection were amorphous, and the PLA composites following a heat treatment in an oven at 120 °C for 30 min achieved crystallinity. All the PLA and its composites after heat treatment had improved mechanical properties. The thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) tests showed that the PLA,DOPO and DOPO-POSS decomposed separately in the PLA/DOPO and PLA/DOPO-POSS, respectively. The cone calorimeter tests offered clear evidence that addition of the DOPO-POSS resulted in an evident reduction of 25% for the peak of heat release rate(p-HRR).It was also confirmed that the crystalline flame-retardant PLA composites after heat treatment had better flame retardant properties than the amorphous PLA composites prepared by the cold molding.