The Use of Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Determin- ation of pK a Values in Aqueous/Organic Solutions for Basic Analytes Employed in Column Characterisation Protocols

Proton nuclear magnetic spectroscopy has been used to measure pK _a values of two basic analytes in a range of aqueous/organic eluents. The results support the hypothesis that the poor correlation in terms of ion exchange capacity with values greater than pH 7 may be attributed to the difference in the ionisation of the silica surface and not differences in ionisation of the basic analytes under the differing chromatographic conditions (i.e. temperature, type and amount of modifier) employed in two commonly used HPLC stationary phase characterisation procedures (Tanaka and Snyder).     

Unraveling the mystery of efficacy in Chinese medicine formula: New approaches and technologies for research on pharmacodynamic substances

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the key to unlock treasures of Chinese civilization. TCM and its compound play a beneficial role in medical activities to cure diseases, especially in major public health events such as novel coronavirus epidemics across the globe. The chemical composition in Chinese medicine formula is complex and diverse, but their effective substances resemble “mystery boxes”. Revealing their active ingredients and their mechanisms of action has become focal point and difficulty of research for herbalists. Although the existing research methods are numerous and constantly updated iteratively, there is remain a lack of prospective reviews. Hence, this paper provides a comprehensive account of existing new approaches and technologies based on previous studies with an in vitro to in vivo perspective. In addition, the bottlenecks of studies on Chinese medicine formula effective substances are also revealed. Especially, we look ahead to new perspectives, technologies and applications for its future development. This work reviews based on new perspectives to open horizons for the future research. Consequently, herbal compounding pharmaceutical substances study should carry on the essence of TCM while pursuing innovations in the field.