Effects of glow-discharge nitrogen-plasma on the linear birefringence of polyester sheets

A simple white light interferometric method is used to study the effects of plasma on the steady-state linear birefringence of polyester sheet films. Glow-discharge nitrogen-plasma of power 13 W with nine different exposure times from 0 to 25 min is applied to films of 0.22 mm thickness. The relationship between the linear birefringence and some atomic parameters is derived theoretically and tested experimentally. Effects on the linear birefringence, the linear retardance and Herman's orientation parameter are investigated. The increase of plasma exposure time produces an increase in the linear birefringence and Herman's orientation parameter. Characterization of plasma-treated and plasma-untreated polyester samples have been thoroughly examined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It is noted that no new bands have appeared after treatment for all the tested samples at different time intervals. There is an increase in intensity and band definition, and a shift of some bands that were already present in the spectrum of the untreated sample, assigned to the trans conformer.     

等离子体源参数对长导通等离子体断路开关性能的影响

研制了可工作在长导通时间（约1μs）的等离子体断路开关,实验研究了等离子体源参数,包括等离子体枪与主回路之间的触发延时、等离子体枪的工作电压以及等离子体枪的数目对开关性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,开关导通时间和开关电压随触发延时、枪工作电压和数目的增加而增加,但当开关导通时间接近主回路电流四分之一周期时,开关电压呈下降趋势。当Marx发生器工作电压为120kV且采用4个等离子体枪时,实验获得的最大电压倍增系数约为1.8。     

氦等离子体处理对纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆T300碳纤维拉伸性能的影响

氦等离子体处理纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆T300碳纤维能构造出特定空间结构形态的纳米涂覆层.扫描电子显微镜照片显示,经氦等离子体处理后纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆T300碳纤维的纳米涂覆层在纤维表面分布均匀,起到填补纤维表面微观缺陷的功能.X射线光电子能谱及傅里叶变换红外光谱显示,纤维表面被引入了活性官能团,纳米二氧化硅涂覆层与碳纤维间有表面激活反应.形成纳米界面结构的T300碳纤维表面与纳米二氧化硅涂覆层间的相互作用符合艾琳方程,利用热激活体积可以对其相互作用进行定量分析.拉伸试验表明,屈服塑性变形导致纳米界面结构热激活,纳米微粒阻碍碳纤维表面大分子链形貌变化的热激活体积是纳米界面结构性能的重要表征. 关键词： 激活体积 溶胶涂覆 氦等离子体 纳米界面结构     

基于等离子喷涂的反射型激光防护涂层研究

本文首先介绍了激光武器在未来战争中的突出地位和发展现状,阐明了高能激光束与目标材料相互作用时的热效应毁伤机理;总结了基于等离子喷涂的反射型激光防护涂层的研究进展,包括等离子喷涂金属涂层和陶瓷涂层的研究进展、以及各自的技术特点和防护效果,为高能激光防护领域的研究提供了借鉴。研究结果表明,控制金属涂层在激光辐照过程中的氧化现象能有效地提高涂层的激光防护性能,同时具有优异反射性能的新型陶瓷涂层在高能激光防护领域中有较好的发展前景。     

Influence of a weak constant magnetic field on the Hβ line of a t-tube plasma

Measurements of the additional shift of the Hβ spectral line emitted by a plasma in a magnetic field are performed. The magnitudes of the shift are distinguished by good reproducibility. The magnetic field strength was 0.5 and 2.1 T. Comparison is made of the Hβ line profiles recorded in the presence of the magnetic field and without it, all other things being equal. Consideration is given to a number of possible causes of the additional shift (they include the dependence of the shift on the density of electrons, their temperature, and on the velocity of the plasma flux). The additional shift of the Hβ line in the presence of the magnetic field is qualitatively substantiated. Presented at the 1th Belorussian-Yugoslavian Symposium on the Physics and Diagnostics of Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas, 1–3 July, 1996, Misnk. Institute of Physics, 4, Obradović St., Novi Sad, 21000, Yugoslavia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 566–574, September–October, 1997.     

Modification of unsaturated polyester resins (UP) and reinforced UP resins via plasma treatment

Unsaturated polyester resins (UP) and reinforced composite unsaturated polyester resins (RCP) were made superhydrophobic by plasma assisted methods. Both CF₄-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CF₄-PECVD) and alternative method were tested. The surfaces were characterized by water contact angle (CA) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water contact angle results indicated that CF₄-PECVD can significantly improve the wettability of UP surfaces, but suffer from difficulties for RCP surfaces. Alternatively, O₂ plasma followed by self-assembly of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was tested. It was shown that regardless of the filler percentage, O₂ plasma followed by self-assembly of OTS monolayer formation all led to superhydrophobic surfaces. The results provided a means to improve the wettability of reinforced UP resins (RCP).     

Influence of ion species ratio on grid-enhanced plasma source ion implantation

Grid-enhanced plasma source ion implantation (GEPSII) is a newly proposed technique to modify the inner-surface properties of a cylindrical bore. In this paper, a two-ion fluid model describing nitrogen molecular ions N_2^+ and atomic ions N^+ is used to investigate the ion sheath dynamics between the grid electrode and the inner surface of a cylindrical bore during the GEPSII process, which is an extension of our previous calculations in which only N_2^+ was considered. Calculations are concentrated on the results of ion dose and impact energy on the target for different ion species ratios in the core plasma. The calculated results show that more atomic ions N^+ in the core plasma can raise the ion impact energy and reduce the ion dose on the target.     

电容器薄膜等离子体表面改性实验研究

建立了一套辉光放电等离子体对电容器薄膜进行表面处理的装置。采用N2,O2及Ar三种气体对聚丙烯、聚酯和聚苯硫醚膜进行了表面处理。红外光谱分析表明:薄膜表面的生成物与薄膜种类、气体种类和处理强度密切相关。场扫描电镜显示了薄膜表面的刻蚀现象明显。处理过的薄膜,非晶相被去除,球晶暴露。能谱分析说明了薄膜中C元素下降,N,O元素增加,但总体改变量很小。处理前后薄膜的直流击穿电压没有明显改变,但刻蚀过程造成的薄膜表面粗化可帮助电容器的浸渍过程更充分,从而可提高电容器的使用场强与储能密度。     

Effects of plasma surface modification on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber and carbon fiber/epoxy composite

_The effect of surface treatment on mechanical properties of carbon fibers has been investigated by application of plasma polymerization of selected monomers in the vapor phase. The role of the fiber-matrix interface on carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites has also been studied. Composites have been prepared separately by the use of plasma-modified and unmodified carbon fibers in the epoxy resin matrix. The mechanical properties of carbon fibers (Hercules and Grafil) as well as of fiber/epoxy composites were examined by using single filament and three-point bending tests, respectively. It was observed that plasma polymerization treatment at selected plasma conditions led to significant improvement of interlaminar shear and flexural strength values of composites.     

表面等离子体波光纤传感器应用于复合材料固化监测的研究

对适用于机敏结构的表面等离子体波光纤传感器进行了初步的研究。将这种光纤传感器埋入复合材料结构就构成了所谓机敏结构。这种机敏结构既可进行复合材料的固化监测,又可进行应变检测。有利于传感器数量的减少和布置的简化,减少了传感元件的埋入对结构本身性能的影响。可以充分发挥光纤传感器对结构进行全过程监测的优点,具有广泛的应用前景。     

不锈钢表面激光熔覆层与喷焊层耐磨性对比研究

本文研究在１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ基体上采用激光熔覆和离子喷焊二种工艺形成的涂层对耐磨性的影响。使用５ｋＷ横流ＣＯ２激光器对预置在基体上的Ｃｏ基自熔合金粉末进行单道或多道扫描，得到的熔层与等离子焊层对比结果是：激光熔层缺陷率低，成品率高，其结构致密均匀，晶粒细小，成分稀释率更小，对基体热影响小，熔层硬度与强韧性更高。性能试验证明：激光熔层具有更高的抗擦伤磨损和抗冲击滑动高温磨损性能，耐磨性提高了一倍左右。     

Adhesion strength study between plasma treated polyester fibres and a rubber matrix

In this work, the adhesion strength between poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibres and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was studied. The effects of atmospheric plasma treatment, used to increase adhesion strength between PET fibres and the rubber matrix, were investigated and compared. It was confirmed that lubricants on the fibres caused a decrease in adhesion strength between the plasma treated reinforcing PET fibres and the SBR rubber matrix. These lubricants can be removed by acetone. When washed and treated in plasma, a substantial improvement in adhesion strength was observed. No ageing in air before combination with the rubber matrix was observed. This confirmed that the plasma streamers caused the creation of a new, relatively stable chemical species on the polymer surface. It suggests that the surface modification of PET fibres by plasma treatment at atmospheric gas pressure is a suitable and technologically applicable method for the improvement of adhesion strength of polyester reinforcing materials to rubber.     

基于分形理论的超音速等离子喷涂层界面结合行为研究

为研究结合界面形貌与涂层体系结合强度之间的关系,采用超音速等离子喷涂设备制备Fe基合金涂层,选用(Ni,Al)涂层作为黏接底层.通过改变Ar气流量,获得不同粗糙表面的黏接底层.采用对偶件拉伸法测量复合合金涂层体系的结合强度,同时引入分形理论对结合界面形貌进行定量表征,结果表明:黏接底层能显著提高涂层的结合强度,随着Ar气流量的升高,黏接底层表面分形维数不断降低,涂层体系的结合强度则呈现出先增大后减小的趋势.     

Fluorocarbon nano-coating of polyester fabrics by atmospheric air plasma with aerosol

A fluorocarbon coating was deposited on polyester (PET) woven fabric using pulse discharge plasma treatment by injecting a fluoropolymer directly into the plasma dielectric barrier discharge. The objective of the treatment was to improve the hydrophobic properties as well as the repellent behaviour of the polyester fabric. Plasma treatment conditions were optimised to obtain optimal hydrophobic properties which were evaluated using water contact angle measurement as well as spray-test method at the polyester fabric surface. The study showed that adhesion of the fluoropolymer to the woven PET was greatly enhanced by the air plasma treatment. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed chemical surface modifications occurring after the plasma treatments.     

Influence of gas pressure on the pattern evolutions of dust clusters and fractals in a dusty plasma system

Dusty plasma has been produced through chemical reaction in a capacitively coupled radio frequency (rf) discharge system. Dust clusters with a few particles and dust fractals are observed. As gas pressure is increased, the suspended height of dust particles descends and the average interparticle distance decreases accordingly. The influence of gas pressure on the pattern evolutions is investigated. Dust clusters or fractals not only can evolve regularly on a horizontal plane, but also can evolve from a horizontal plane to a vertical line array. Under appropriate conditions, the evolutions are reversible. When the evolution is from a symmetrical pattern with a centre particle to another pattern, the centre particle will first show its unsteadiness.     

Influence of a centered dielectric tube on inductively coupled plasma source: Chamber structures and plasma characteristics

A high-density RF ion source is an essential part of a neutral beam injector. In this study, the authors attempt to retrofit an original regular RF ion source reactor by inserting a thin dielectric tube through the symmetric axis of the discharge chamber. With the aid of this inner tube, the reactor is capable of generating a radial magnetic field instead of the original transverse magnetic field, which solves the E × B drift problem in the current RF ion source structure. To study the disturbance of the dielectric tube, a fluid model is introduced to study the plasma parameters with or without the internal dielectric tube, based on the inductively coupled plasma(ICP) reactor. The simulation results show that while introducing the internal dielectric tube into the ICP reactor, both the plasma density and plasma potential have minor influence during the discharge process, and there is good uniformity at the extraction region. The influence of the control parameters reveals that the plasma densities at the extraction region decrease first and subsequently slow down while enhancing the diffusion region.     

Reactive plasma cladding of TiC/Fe cermet coating using asphalt as a carbonaceous precursor

A new process of preparing Ti-Fe-C composites powder for reactive plasma cladding, precursor carbonization-composition process, was developed. TiC/Fe cermet coatings were synthesized by reactive plasma cladding of the composite powder. XRD and SEM were employed to analyze the phase composition and microstructure of the composite powder and coating. The hardness and wear resistance of the coating was tested. Results show that: The compound powder prepared by precursor carbonization-composition process has very tight structure, which can avert the question of raw powder breaking-up in cladding process. The TiC/Fe cermet coating by reactive plasma cladding consists of alternate, laminated layers as following: the layers in which the round nanoscale TiC particles are dispersed within the α-Fe matrix and the layers of TiC accumulation. The TiC/Fe cermet coating by reactive plasma cladding shows superior hardness and wear resistance: The surface hardness of the TiC/Fe cermet coating is 68 ± 6 (HR30 N). In the same fretting conditions, the wear resistance of Ni60 coating is twelve times than that of the TiC/Fe cermet coating.     

一种新型等离子体磁控溅射镀膜电源设计

磁控溅射镀膜电源是磁控溅射系统中的关键设备之一。根据铌靶和锡靶溅射处理装置的技术要求,研制了一套输出电压0~800 V可调、脉冲宽度5~200 μs可调、频率0~60 Hz可调、在脉冲电流最大幅值约150 A的磁控溅射镀膜电源,分别给出了该电源在铌靶负载和锡靶负载下的实验结果。设计上采用高压短脉冲预电离一体化高功率双极性脉冲形成电路方法,解决了高功率磁控溅射在重复频率工作下有时不能成功溅射粒子、电离时刻不一致、溅射起弧打火靶面中毒、溅射效率低等问题,降低了磁控溅射装置内气体的工作气压,实现低气压溅射镀膜,提高了靶材的溅射效率,减小薄膜表面粗糙度。通过大量实验论证,该电源达到了理想的溅射效果,满足了指标要求。     

Deposition of superhydrophobic nanostructured Teflon-like coating using expanding plasma arc

A novel approach was used to grow nanostructured Teflon-like superhydrophobic coatings on stainless steel (SS). In this method Teflon tailings were pyrolyzed to generate fluorocarbon precursor molecules, and an expanding plasma arc (EPA) was used to polymerize these precursors to deposit Teflon-like coating. The coating shows super hydrophobic behavior with water contact angle (WCA) of 165°. The coating was observed to be uniform. It consists of nanostructured (∼80-200 nm) features, which were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical bond state of the film was determined by XPS and FTIR, which indicate the dominance of -CF₂ groups in the deposited coating. The combination of nanofeature induced surface roughness and the low surface energy imparted by Teflon-like coating is responsible for the observed superhydrophobic nature.     

磁窗减缓等离子体对天线性能的影响

飞行器以高超声速再入大气层返回地球时,飞行器周围形成等离子体鞘套,等离子体会影响电磁波的传播特性,严重时通信甚至完全中断。从理论上分析了外加磁场时电磁波与等离子体的相互作用机理,提出了利用永磁体和螺旋天线一体式的设计方式,即磁窗天线,并研究了在等离子体环境中螺旋天线和磁窗天线的性能,仿真结果表明,利用永磁体和螺旋天线一体式设计的磁窗天线,可以减弱等离子体对天线性能的影响,这为解决飞行器再入通信中断问题提供了一种有效途径。