Triphenylphosphine Mediated Simple Synthesis of Vinyl-Substituted Benzimidazoles

N -isopropenylbenzimidazolone undergoes a smooth reaction with triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates to produce highly functionalized salt-free phosphorus ylides in good yields. These stabilized phosphorus ylides exist as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon partial double bond resulting from conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group. These ylides are converted to dialkyl 2-(1-isopropenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-but-2-enedioates in boiling toluene.     

Triphenylphosphine-Catalyzed Simple Synthesis of Dimethyl 1-Aryl-4-ethoxy-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1 H -pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylates

Ethyl 2-arylamino-2-oxo-acetates undergo a complex reaction with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of triphenylphosphine to produce dimethyl 1-aryl-4-ethoxy-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1 H -pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylates in good yields. Dynamic NMR study of dimethyl 1-(2-methylphenyl)-4-ethoxy-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1 H -pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylate shows a fairly high energy barrier ( j G p = 53.2 kJmol m 1 ) for rotation around the N-aryl single bond, which leads to an observable atropisomerism.     

A Simple Synthesis of Stable Phosphoranes Derived from Imides or Acetanilide Derivatives

Stable crystalline phosphorus ylides are obtained in excellent yields from the 1:1:1 addition reaction between triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and strong NH-acids, such as acetanilide, 4-methylacetanilide, 2-cyanoacetanilide, 4-bromoacetanilide, 4-methoxyacetanilide, succinimide, malimide, or phthalimide. These stabilized phosphoranes exist as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon partial double bond resulting from conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group.     

A Simple Synthesis of Stable Heterocyclic Phosphorus Ylides Derived from NH-Acids

Crystalline phosphorus ylides are obtained in excellent yields from the addition reaction between triphenylphosphine, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and strong NH-acids, such as 2-acetylpyrrole, indole, ethyl 3-indolylglyoxalate and N -benzyl-2-pyrrolylglyoxamate. Dynamic NMR effects are observed in the 1 H NMR spectra of stabilized ylides obtained from 2-acetylpyrrole and indole ( j G p = 67.1 and 68.8 kJmol m 1 respectively) and are attributed to restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon partial double bond resulting from conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group.     

Vinylphosphonium Salt Mediated One-Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of Dialkyl 3,3-Diacetyl-3 a -hydroxy-8-oxo-2,3,3 a ,8-tetrahydrocyclopenta-[ a ]indene-1,2-dicarboxylates

Protonation of the highly reactive 1:1 intermediates produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine (or tributylphosphine) and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates by acetylacetone leads to sterically congested phosphorus ylides, which undergo an intermolecular Wittig reaction with ninhydrin and concomitant annulation in CH 2 Cl 2 at room temperature to produce dialkyl 3,3-diacetyl-3 a -hydroxy-8-oxo-2,3,3 a ,8-tetrahydrocyclopenta[ a ]indene-1,2-dicarboxylates in fairly high yields.     

An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis and Temperature Dependence of NMR Spectra of Nitrogen-Containing Phosphorus Ylides

The addition of triphenylphosphine to dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of trifluoroacetamide, a NH acid, leads to stable crystalline phosphorus ylides in exellent yields. These stable ylides exist as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon partial double bond, resulting from conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent group.     

An Efficient Synthesis of Stable Sulfur-Containing Phosphoranes Derived from 1-Methylimidazole-2-thiol

Stable crystalline phosphorus ylides are obtained in excellent yields from the 1:1:1 addition reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of 1-methylimidazole-2-thiol. These sulfur-containing phosphoranes exist in solution as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon double bond resulting from conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group. Using dibenzoylacetylene as Michael acceptor, yields 2-[1-methyl-1 H -imidazole-2-yl)sulfanyl]-1,4-diphenyl-butane-1,4-dione.     

Stable 1,6-Diionic Phosphorus Betaines Derived from Electron-Deficient Acetylenic Compounds

The addition of triphenylphosphine to methyl propiolate, ethyl propiolate, or ethynyl methyl ketone in the presence of a strong NH-acid, such as 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3 H -1,2,4-triazol-3-one, leads to stable 1,6-diionic organophosphorus compounds in excellent yields.     

An Efficient Synthesis of Stable Phosphorus Ylides Derived from Hydantoin and 5,5-dialkylhydantoins

Stable crystalline phosphorus ylides are obtained in excellent yields from the 1:1:1 addition reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of strong NH-acids, such as hydantoin and 5,5-dialkylhydantoins. These stable ylides exist in solution as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon partial double bond resulting from conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group.     

Synthesis of β,β‘-Difluorinated and β,β’-F-Dialkylated Acetals

Using the phase transfer catalysis technique, a series of fluorinated acetals has been prepared, in basic medium, by action of dicholromethane on 2-mononfluorinated alcohols or 1-F-alkyl 2-fluoroethanols. The identification of these new acetals has been achived by the study cf their ¹H, 19F NMR and their mass spectra.     

Vinyltriphenylphosphonium Salt Mediated One-Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of Dialkyl ( E )-2-(2-methyl-5-oxo-1-cyclopentenyl)-2-butenedioates

Protonation of the highly reactive 1:1 intermediates produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates by 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one leads to vinyltriphenylphosphonium salts, which undergo an intramolecular Wittig reaction to produce the corresponding cyclobutene derivatives. The cyclobutene derivatives are not isolable and undergo electrocyclic ring-opening reactions in CH 2 Cl 2 at room temperature to produce dialkyl ( E )-2-(2-methyl-5-oxo-1-cyclopentenyl)-2-butenedioates in moderate yields.     

Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclobutene Derivatives

Summary. Protonation of the reactive 1:1 intermediates produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates with CH-acids, such as ethyl 2,4-dioxo-hexanoate and ethyl 2,4-dioxo-5-methylhexanoate, lead to vinyltriphenylphosphonium salts, which undergo an intramolecular Wittig reaction to produce cyclobutene derivatives in fairly high yields.Received November 8, 2002; accepted November 29, 2002 Published online July 3, 2003     

Synthesis of Dimethyl 2-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenoxy)-3-triphenylphosphoniobutanedioate and its Application in Intramolecular Wittig Reactions

Protonation of the reactive 1:1 intermediate produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate by 2,4,6-trimethylphenol leads to a stable ylide in high yield, which is employed in intramolecular Wittig reactions.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,5-Diionic Organophosphorus Compounds

The reactive 1:1 intermediate produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and alkyl propiolates or ethynyl phenyl ketone was trapped by isopropylidene Meldrum's acid (5-isopropylidene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione) to produce alkyl 3-(isopropylidenemalonate-5-yl-5-ylid)-3-methyl-2-triphenylphosphoniomethylidene-butanoates or 3-(isopropylidenemalonate-5-yl-5-ylid)-3-methyl-2-triphenylphosphoniomethylidene-butanone in 75-86% yield. These 1,5-diionic phosphorus betaines exist as (Z) geometrical isomer in CDCl 3 solution.     

Synthesis of 4H-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b]pyrroles through the reaction of benzoyl isothiocyanate and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of Ph3P

Benzoyl isothiocyanate reacts with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of triphenylphosphine in a mechanistically novel reaction to afford highly substituted dialkyl 2-(benzoylimino)-5-phenyl-4H-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b]pyrrole-4,6-dicarboxylates with double insertion of the isothiocyanate. The reaction proceeds via a carbon to nitrogen migration of an alkoxycarbonyl group.     

Synthesis and Dynamic NMR Spectroscopic Study of Dialkyl 4-Ethoxy-1-(1-naphthyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylates

Summary. Protonation of the reactive 1:1 intermediate produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates with ethyl 2-(1-naphthylamino)-2-oxoacetate, leads to a vinylphosphonium salt, which undergoes intramolecular Wittig reaction to produce dialkyl 4-ethoxy-1-(1-naphthyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylates in excellent yields. A dynamic NMR effect is observed in the ¹H NMR spectra of the title compounds as a result of restricted rotation around the single bond linking the naphthalene moiety and the heterocyclic system, which is attributed to the peri interaction between the pyrrole residue and the peri CH group. The free energy of activation (G ) for this process is 58±2kJmol^–1.Received December 6, 2002; accepted December 11, 2002 Published online June 12, 2003     

Introduction of a Novel Reaction of Triacetylmethane: One-Pot Synthesis of Dialkyl-2-(3,1-hydroxyethylidene-2,4-pentanedione-3-yl)-3-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)-butanedioate

Protonation of reactive 1:1 intermediates produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate by 3-(1-hydroxyethylidene)-2,4-pentanedione leads to vinyl phosphonium salts, which undergo Michael addition with the conjugate base of CH-acid to produce the title compounds in high yield.     

A Route to the Synthesis of Novel Coumarins

Summary. The 1:1:1 adduct which originates from the reaction of triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and 3-formyl-4-hydroxycoumarin undergoes an intramolecular Wittig reaction to provide a series of unique 2H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-5-ones (pyranocoumarins).     

A One-Pot and Convenient Synthesis of Coumarins in Solventless System

An efficient and facile preparation of simple coumarins via in situ Wittig reaction of salicylaldehydes, triphenylphosphine, and chloroethylacetate supported on MgO in satisfactory yields in solvent-free condition.     

Triphenylphosphine-Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Alkyl 3-(2-Naphthylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate from Alkyl Acetylenecarboxylates and 2-Naphthalenethiol

Protonation of the highly reactive 1:1 intermediates, produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and alkyl acetylenecarboxylates by 2-naphthalenethiol, leads to vinyltriphenylphosphonium salts, which undergo an addition–elimination reaction to produce the corresponding S-vinyl thioethers. The NMR spectra indicated that the compounds contained two stereoisomers for each S-vinyl thioether; their ratio was determined on the basis of ¹ H NMR spectra. The reaction is fairly stereoselective.