基于改进粒子群算法的LED光源阵列优化

为了提高发光二极管（light emitting diode,LED）光源阵列的光照均匀度,提出一种改进粒子群算法和新型等差LED阵列排布方式。根据光照分布模型建立了照射面的光照均匀度评价函数,使用改进的粒子群算法对新型等差LED阵列、矩形及圆形阵列进行优化。将优化后的LED阵列数据导入光学软件TracePro中进行仿真验证,得到优化后等差、矩形及圆形LED阵列的光照均匀度分别为82.89%、73.31%及78.56%,比优化前LED阵列的光照均匀度分别提高了15.84%、10.65%及15.57%。研究结果表明,改进后的粒子群算法收敛速度更快、精度更高,且提出的新型等差LED阵列有着更好的光照均匀度。     

一种LED照明光源均匀度设计

为了满足数字摄像法能见度测量仪均匀光源的要求,提高半导体发光二极管照明的均匀性,该文提出一种基于数字图像分析技术的设计方法。首先测量单颗LED在模组区域的亮度分布,进而拟合分布函数,再运用多颗LED亮度叠加原理,计算出不均匀度最小的多颗LED阵列方式,或固定均匀度对应的最佳尺寸。对仿真数据和实测数据进行对比分析,结果表明,该文计算出的LED阵列方式,与单边阵列相比,均匀度显著提高,最高可达95%以上。     

大型LED矩形阵列光斑照度的均匀性研究

应用LED芯片的照度公式以及大型LED矩形阵列照度分布的对称性,建立了研究大型LED矩形阵列照度均匀度的物理模型,推导出计算大型LED矩形阵列照度均匀度的公式。利用该公式研究了大型LED矩形阵列照度均匀度随目标距离、长宽比以及m值的变化规律。得出：照度均匀度随目标距离的增加而非线性地减小;照度均匀度随长宽比的增加而非线性地增大;照度均匀度随m值的增加而近似成线性地增大。这些规律为提高大型LED矩形阵列的照度均匀性提供了理论依据,也为大型LED矩形阵列的照度均匀性设计提供了研究方向和计算方法。弥补了之前研究LED阵列照度均匀性方法上的不足。     

LED阵列型植物光源的均匀性研究

基于现有的LED植物光源在植物培育中光照不均匀的问题,对目前的植物工厂中使用较为广泛的红、蓝LED阵列型光源进行优化设计。通过对比四种不同的LED阵列排布方式,采用9点法进行PPFD值的测量和光谱的测量,进一步观察平面上光量子通量密度的均匀性和光谱分布的均匀性,进而寻求效果较好的LED阵列排布方式。结果表明:红蓝LED芯片交差分布和阵列行列交错分布的排列方式有利于提高光源阵列光谱的均一性。     

Design and Demonstration of Four-Channel Received Coil Arrays for Vertical-Field MRI

The layout of radio-frequency received coils is related to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this paper, different structures of four-channel received coil arrays for vertical-field MRI are constructed and optimized by establishing the relationship between coil geometry and SNR to achieve a high SNR and a uniform SNR distribution in the region of interest (ROI). Then, the SNR distributions of three optimized configurations, including rectangular loops, non-definite shape surface coils, and solenoid loops as the main unit, are simulated and compared. The four-channel coil of solenoid loops as the main unit has been found to have the best performance with the highest mean SNR in the ROI when imaging without acceleration. In addition, g-factor and 2D SENSE SNR in yoz-plane are simply analyzed, which show a sharp decrease in SNR for all the coils. Finally, all the coils are manufactured and operated at a 0.5 T permanent magnet MRI system with phantom and joint imaging experiments. Using pixel-by-pixel manner to evaluate SNR map, the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, while parallel imaging experiment results show that the major consideration in low field MRI is the improvement of SNR value and uniformity rather than that of the imaging speed. As different constructions of four-channel received coils are investigated, we have found the most effective configuration with high and uniform SNR for vertical-field MRI.     

基于照明的LED阵列研究与仿真

LED是21世纪的绿色光源,具有广阔的照明前景。近年来,LED灯具产品开发的种类越来越多,设计合适的LED灯具显得尤为重要。由于单颗LED的功率很小,作为照明来使用,要求在照明区域内具有一定的均匀光通量和照度,所以需要采用LED的阵列形式, 加大其发光亮度和 发光面积,改善光照的均匀性。该文 首先计算LED阵列的照度叠加,进而根据叠加公式对阵列仿真,分析两种LED阵列分布的仿真结果,得出不同阵列的分布特点,并比较两种阵列的特点,最后分析出不同阵列分布的适用灯具,为LED灯具设计提供可靠依据。     

光量子体系下基于粒子群算法的LED植物照明光源设计

在现代农业生产中,常采用发光二极管(LED)作为植物照明光源对农业作物进行补光,为提高LED植物照明阵列光源的均匀度,本文在光量子体系下,提出一种新的基于粒子群算法的LED植物照明阵列光源设计方法。通过MATLAB对红蓝光LED植物光源阵列进行数学建模,运用粒子群算法寻找高均匀度条件下的红蓝光LED坐标,设计出二维情况下的红蓝光LED排布阵列;在三维情况下,为解决维度升高时可能会导致的求解陷入局部极小问题,采用改进的随机惯性权粒子群算法进行三维方案设计,并使用Tracepro对两种设计方案进行验证,与传统的红蓝光LED等间距逐行排列设计进行了对比。研究结果表明,与常见逐行排列LED阵列设计达到的光量子通量密度(PPFD)均匀度为79.6%相比,通过粒子群算法寻优的设计方法,二维设计方案的PPFD均匀度达到88.7%,较等间距逐行排列设计提高了9.1%;三维设计方案的PPFD均匀度达到92.6%,较二维设计方案提高了3.9%,较等间距逐行排列设计提高了13%。本实验证明了运用粒子群算法在二维和三维空间进行LED植物照明阵列光源设计的可行性,在简易设计流程的同时,提高了工作效率。     

Thermal optimization of high power LED arrays with a fin cooling system

In this paper, we describe an optimization process of thermal design for the light lamp which utilizes the Light Emitting Diode (LED) module as a lighting source. The thermal performance of the LED module was shown to significantly improve by the optimization process of cooling system attached with it. A wind circulating cooling system was designed for the LED arrays with the input power of 60?Watts and another heat pipe cooling system was designed for the input power of 144?Watts. The effects of design parameters such as air temperature and air velocity on the thermal performance of LED lamp were investigated. Thermal performance of the two cooling systems was compared for practical application.     

基于PSO粒子群算法的LED照明系统光照均匀性研究

实现大功率LED阵列在目标平面上的照度均匀分布对于照明系统具有十分重要的意义。不同于传统解析计算方法,本文采用粒子群（PSO）算法来优化平面随机分布的LED阵列结构,使其在目标光照平面上光照分布均匀。首先推导了LED阵列的照度分布函数,并在此基础上以光照函数的标准差构建一个评价函数,衡量光照分布均匀度。在Matlab中编程获得光照分布最优时候的LED阵列结构数据,并将几何模型导入光学仿真软件Tracepro中进行优化模拟,仿真结果表明该算法有效可行。     

单颗LED实现远距离均匀照明系统设计

针对现有的LED照明系统体积大、结构复杂、工作距离短的缺点,提出一种轻量化、均匀性好、能够实现远距离照明的单颗LED投影系统的设计方法。从照明设计理论出发,结合非成像设计和成像设计方法,设计了由单颗大功率LED、聚光镜、孔径光阑和投影物镜组成的投影照明系统。聚光镜对LED出射的光线进行匀化并会聚于照明面位置,投影物镜将照明面处的光斑投影到指定距离的接收面上。系统采用全透射式结构,便于加工和装调;单颗大功率LED作为光源能够有效减小系统体积和质量。实验结果表明:系统能在3 m~3 km范围内形成均匀度大于90%的照明,成像质量良好,投影面畸变小于5%,能满足远距离均匀照明投影的要求。     

A study of extended optimization of U-type rod for LED projectors

The paper proposes a new U-type integral rod for a miniature DLP projector's optical engine with a high-power LED source and L-type optics in order to minimize volumetric size of optical engine. In addition, Taguchi method is applied in this research in order to extendedly optimize the performance of optical engine after initial optimization by damped least square (DLS). A miniature optical engine with LED light source has the advantages of good power consumption, useable projected image, reasonable brightness and uniformity, compactness in volumetric size and decent performance specifically for high spatial frequencies. However, there are still rooms for development with regard to light efficiency and uniformity due to non-uniformity of LED light distribution. Two critical design methods are proposed in this research. Firstly, a “U-type integrator” working with high-power LED which not only causes rays to make a “U-turn” in order to minimize volumetric size of optical engine but also, after optimization, controls output uniformity well after extended optimization by Taguchi method. With regard to gain of optical efficiency, we also consider the factors of a U-type integrator: shape and length with a Taguchi optimizer. It is concluded that the newly developed design achieves good results for the performance and volumetric size of the module. Extended optimized parameter design is able to improve the luminous flux by 4.84%, the illumination uniformity 5.62% and the packing size by 12%.     

High brightness InGaN-based yellow light-emitting diodes with strain modulation layers grown on Si substrate

InGaN-based multiple quantum wells (MQWs) yellow light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on Si substrate by metal organic vapor deposition. Blue MQWs were introduced as strain modulation layers for yellow MQWs. The LED chips emitted 72-mW yellow light with 566-nm dominant wavelength and 9.4 % external quantum efficiency (EQE) at 350 mA under room temperature, and it reached a peak EQE of 22.2 % at 0.7 mA. A comparison sample without strain modulation layers exhibited much weaker performance. The results reveal that long-wavelength emission of InGaN system is reliable if the strain of MQWs has been properly modulated.     

Performance enhancement of the power penalty in DWDM FSO communication using DPPM and OOK modulation

This paper presents the design and performance enhancement of the power penalty (PP) in a dense wavelength division multiplexing based on free space optical communication (FSOC) link using digital pulse position modulation (DPPM) and on–off keying (OOK) modulation. Such a system has a high performance, low cost, robust and power efficient, reliable, excessive flexibility, and higher data rate for access networks. The system performance is evaluated for an 8-channel wavelength-division-multiplexing for hybrid fiber FSOC system at 2.5 Gbps on widely accepted modulation schemes under various atmospheric turbulence (AT) regimes conditions. The performance of system is introduced in terms of PP, bit-error rate (BER), transmission distance and the average received optical power. The numerical results shows that the improvement of the PP using DPPM modulation of 0.2–3.0 dB for weak turbulence (WT) regimes for BER of 10^?6 and above 20, 25 dB for strong turbulence (ST) regimes are reported for BER of 10^?6 and 10^?9, as respectively (depending on the AT level). Further, we develop of improvement the PP caused by multiple-access interference about 6.686 dB which is predicted for target BER of 10^?9 in WT and 1 dB at target BER of 10^?6 in ST when the 8 user are active on the system of optical network units. Additionally, the optical power budget and margin losses of a system are calculated with different link length. The proposed approach of DPPM merges superiority with higher enhancement of PP about 0.8 dB for BER equal 10^?9 at FSO link length l_fso?=?2000 m compared to OOK at 1 dB for WT. An improvement of 2 dB is observed using the DPPM scheme over an OOK due to capability of detect pulses under background noise conditions with increased receiver sensitivity.     

基于MATLAB的LED阵列的研究与仿真

由于单颗LED的功率很小,作为照明光源使用时需要采用LED阵列形式。首先推导LED阵列的照度叠加公式,根据叠加公式对阵列进行仿真,以圆形为例分析LED在平面上的均匀分布以及以球表面为例分析LED在曲面上的均匀分布。给出两种LED阵列分布的仿真结果,得出不同阵列的分布特点。指出圆面阵列的照射范围比较集中,此类阵列分布的灯具适用于照射面较小且比较集中的照射领域;球表面上的阵列的照射分布范围比较广,呈圆面,此类阵列分布的灯具适用于照射面较大但照度要求不是很高的照射区域。该结果为LED灯具设计提供了依据。     

原棉异纤维检测系统照明光源光照度分布研究

在基于机器视觉的原棉异纤维检测系统中,选择能满足检测系统的光源和照明方案是提高系统检测率和检出率的关键,使检测对象尽可能多地显现出特征信息。选用单芯片InGaN(蓝)/YAG荧光粉型白光LED作为照明光源,采用理论计算和非成像光学设计的方法对LED阵列的光照度分布进行了研究,并根据原棉异纤维检测系统对光源光照度的具体要求,设计出了LED正方形阵列和三角形阵列两种排列方式,并利用TracePro软件对两种阵列形式进行仿真。通过比较两种阵列形式光照度分布的结果,最终选用高光照度且均匀性好的LED三角形阵列作为原棉异纤维检测系统的照明光源,满足了机器视觉成像的要求。     

基于多目标人工鱼群算法的光疗LED照度优化研究

提高发光二极管（light emitting diode,LED）组成的光疗光源在照射平面上的照度均匀分布水平,对于光疗设备发展具有重要的价值。提出了一种基于多目标人工鱼群算法的光疗LED光源的照度优化方法。设计了2种不同组合模式的光疗LED光源阵列。结合多目标人工鱼群算法对光疗LED光源阵列组合数据进行优化,使光疗LED光源阵列的照度分布更加均匀。将优化设计后的光疗LED 光源芯片组合数据,导入光学仿真软件TracePro实现仿真验证,得到经优化的圆形光源排列的照度均匀程度较未优化圆形光源排列提升0.104,矩形光源排列的照度均匀程度较未优化矩形光源排列提升0.148。对比分析最终数据,验证了该优化方法是可行的,可以提高光疗LED光源的照度分布水平。     

室内可见光通信发光二极管阵列发射性能的研究

提出了一种基于Lambert辐射模型的发光二极管光源阵列发射天线光照度计算模型,对室内可见光通信发射天线进行了优化设计.分析了光源的空间分布形式、光源间距、光源中心光束与系统光轴夹角以及空间分布层间距等因素对光照度均匀性的影响.通过仿真模拟和分析,得到了圆形阵列天线在照度均匀性和通信传输信号稳定性方面都优于相同光源数目的矩形阵列天线,并且提高了10%左右;同时得出了在满足室内照明情形下,发光二极管阵列发射天线照度均匀度随光源间距及光源中心光束与系统光轴夹角的增加均呈现出先增加后减小的变化趋势,因此,光源间距和光源中心光束与系统光轴夹角均存在最优值;照度均匀度随空间分布层间距的减小而增加,并给出了5 m×5 m×3 m普通房间内发射天线阵列设计参数的最优值,使发射性能得到了优化,同时节省光源数13%,降低了成本.这些研究为发射天线系统的设计提供了理论依据,具有实用价值.     

室内可见光无载波幅度相位调制系统性能分析

针对室内可见光通信调制技术问题,提出翻转光无载波幅度相位调制和单极性光无载波幅度相位调制两种功率有效的调制方案,二者分别采用"正、负模块极性分组"以及"零值位置极性编码"方法实现信号单极性处理,以满足可见光通信"强度调制/直接检测"的要求.基于朗伯辐射模型,考虑到高斯背景光噪声的可见光直射传输信道,推导了包括直流偏置光无载波幅度相位调制在内的三种调制方案的误比特率闭式表达式,仿真验证了其准确性.在此基础上,分析比较了三者频带利用率,讨论了信道参量对光无载波幅度相位调制系统误码性能的影响,结果表明,在5m×5m×3m的室内场景下,与发射机辐射角为30°和45°相比,0°时的系统误码性能分别优于6.9dB和29.9dB;收发机距离为1m时,误码性能比2m时改善近12dB.     

基于近场均匀照明的LED阵列的优化设计

基于几何光学与辐射照度理论,对菱形、环形和蜂窝状等3种典型LED阵列光源在近场上的照度分布进行研究,推导了不同阵列光源照射到目标面上的总辐射照度表达式,并依据斯派罗法则确定了LED间的最优化距离。进而根据照度公式,对LED阵列进行了仿真和对比分析,得出了不同阵列的光照度分布特点。菱形阵列可以得到较大范围的平坦度,环形阵列的平坦范围较小,能量集中分布在一个圆形范围内,有良好的集光效果,蜂窝状阵列的照度比较集中且占用的面板空间较小,可在一定程度上降低设计成本。     

Improving the optical performance of InGaN light-emitting diodes by altering light reflection and refraction with triangular air prism arrays

The effect of triangular air prism (TAP) arrays with different distance-to-width (d/w) ratios on the enhancement of light extraction efficiency (LEE) of InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is investigated. The TAP arrays embedded at the sapphire/GaN interface act as light reflectors and refractors, and thereby improve the light output power due to the redirection of light into escape cones on both the front and back sides of the LED. Enhancement in radiometric power as high as 117% and far-field angle as low as 129° are realized with a compact arrangement of TAP arrays compared with that of a conventional LED made without TAP arrays under an injection current of 20 mA.