The Geometry of Systems of Third Order Differential Equations Induced by Second Order Regular Lagrangians

A system of third order differential equations, whose coefficients do not depend explicitly on time, can be viewed as a third order vector field, which is called a semispray, and lives on the second order tangent bundle. We prove that a regular second order Lagrangian induces such a semispray, which is uniquely determined by two associated Poincaré-Cartan one-forms. To study the geometry of this semispray, we construct a horizontal distribution, which is a Lagrangian subbundle for an associated Poincaré-Cartan two-form. Using this semispray and the associated nonlinear connection we define dynamical covariant derivatives of first and second order. With respect to this, the second order dynamical derivative of the Lagrangian metric tensor vanishes.     

On the Dimension of a Face Exposed by Proper Separation of Convex Polyhedra

Whenever two nonempty convex polyhedra can be properly separated, a separating hyperplane may be chosen to contain a face of either polyhedron. It is demonstrated that, in fact, one or the other of the polyhedra admits such an exposed face having dimension no smaller than approximately half the larger dimension of the two polyhedra. An example shows that the bound on face dimension is optimal, and a linear programming representation of the problem is given.     

The Representation of Polyhedra by Polynomial Inequalities

A beautiful result of Brocker and Scheiderer on the stability index of basic closed semi-algebraic sets implies, as a very special case, that every d -dimensional polyhedron admits a representation as the set of solutions of at most d(d+1)/2 polynomial inequalities. Even in this polyhedral case, however, no constructive proof is known, even if the quadratic upper bound is replaced by any bound depending only on the dimension. Here we give, for simple polytopes, an explicit construction of polynomials describing such a polytope. The number of used polynomials is exponential in the dimension, but in the two- and three-dimensional case we get the expected number d(d+1)/2 .     

Structure Theory and Convergence in Riemannian Geometry

We sketch a sequence of developments in riemannian geometry which have taken place over roughly the last 50 years. These concern structure theories for manifolds satisfying bounds on sectional or Ricci curvature, and related theories of geometric convergence. As an illustration, we describe some applications to the study of Einstein metrics in dimension 4.     

The Representation of Polyhedra by Polynomial Inequalities

A beautiful result of Brocker and Scheiderer on the stability index of basic closed semi-algebraic sets implies, as a very special case, that every d -dimensional polyhedron admits a representation as the set of solutions of at most d(d+1)/2 polynomial inequalities. Even in this polyhedral case, however, no constructive proof is known, even if the quadratic upper bound is replaced by any bound depending only on the dimension. Here we give, for simple polytopes, an explicit construction of polynomials describing such a polytope. The number of used polynomials is exponential in the dimension, but in the two- and three-dimensional case we get the expected number d(d+1)/2 .     

Intrinsic Geometry and Boundary Structure of Plane Domains

Siberian Mathematical Journal - Given a nonempty compact set $ E $ in a proper subdomain $ \Omega $ of the complex plane, we denote the diameter of $ E $ and the distance from $ E $ to the...     

f-Vectors of Polyhedra

The f-vector of a triangulation of a polyhedron X is the numbers of simplices at various dimensions. We prove that the affine span of f-vectors of X has dimension (n+s+1)/2, where n is the dimension of X, and s is the dimension of the part of X that is singular with respect to the local Euler characteristic.     

Hopf代数的结构定理和对映阶数

本文中，我们把Ｈｏｐｆ代数的结构定理推广到Ｈｏｐｆ代数意义下的同构，从而给出Ｈｏｐｆ代数既约分支的对映阶数，并得到Ｈｏｐｆ代数扩张的对映阶数是任意的．这部分回答了Ｅ．Ｊ．Ｔａｆｔ１９９４年提出的一个问题．     

The Volume as a Metric Invariant of Polyhedra

It is proved that in R ³ the volume of any polyhedron is a root of some polynomial with coefficients depending only on the combinatorial structure and the metric of the polyhedron. As a consequence, we have a proof of the ``bellows conjecture' affirming the invariance of the volume of a flexible polyhedron in the process of its flexion. Received September 23, 1996, and in revised form June 10, 1997, and November 6, 1997.     

RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENTS High order Zumerical Solution of Integral Transport Equation in slab Geometry

There are some common numerical methods for solving neutron transport equation, which including the well-known discrete ordinates method, PN approximation and integral transport methods[1]. There exists certain singularities in the solution of transport equation near the boundary and interface[2]. It gives rise to the difficulty in the construction of high order accurate numerical methods. The numerical solution obtained by now can not attain the second order convergent accuracy[3,4].     

Nondegeneracy of Polyhedra and Linear Programs

This paper deals with nondegeneracy of polyhedra andlinear programming (LP) problems. We allow for the possibilitythat the polyhedra and the feasible polyhedra of the LPproblems under consideration be non-pointed.(A polyhedron is pointed if it has a vertex.) With respect to a given polyhedron, we consider two notions ofnondegeneracy and then provide several equivalent characterizationsfor each of them. With respect to LP problems, we study thenotion of constant cost nondegeneracy first introduced byTsuchiya [25] under a different name, namelydual nondegeneracy. (We do not follow this terminology sincethe term dual nondegeneracy is already used to refer to a relatedbut different type of nondegeneracy.) We show two main results about constant cost nondegeneracy of an LP problem.The first one shows that constant cost nondegeneracy of an LPproblem is equivalent to the condition that the union of all minimal faces of the feasible polyhedron be equal to the set of feasible points satisfying a certain generalized strict complementarity condition.When the feasible polyhedron of an LP is nondegenerate,the second result showsthat constant cost nondegeneracy is equivalent to the conditionthat the set of feasible points satisfying the generalizedcondition be equal to the set of feasible points satisfyingthe same complementarity condition strictly.For the purpose of giving a preview of the paper,the above results specialized to the context of polyhedra and LP problems in standard form are described in the introduction.     

Resolvable Representation of Polyhedra

The paper proposes a new method for the boundary representation of three-dimensional (not necessarily convex) polyhedra, called a resolvable representation , in which small numerical errors do not violate the symbolic part of the representation. In this representation, numerical data are represented partly by the coordinates of vertices and partly by the coefficients of face equations in such a way that the polyhedron can be reconstructed from the representation in a step-by-step manner. It is proved that any polyhedron homeomorphic to a sphere has a resolvable representation, and an algorithm for finding such a representation is constructed. Received January 21, 1997, and in revised form April 29, 1998.     

On the Geometry of Hermitian Matrices of Order Three Over Finite Fields

Some geometry of Hermitian matrices of order three over GF(q²) is studied. The variety coming from rank 2 matrices is a cubic hypersurface M₇³of PG(8,q ) whose singular points form a variety H corresponding to all rank 1 Hermitian matrices. BesideM₇³ turns out to be the secant variety of H. We also define the Hermitian embedding of the point-set of PG(2, q²) whose image is exactly the variety H. It is a cap and it is proved that PGL(3, q²) is a subgroup of all linear automorphisms of H. Further, the Hermitian lifting of a collineation of PG(2, q²) is defined. By looking at the point orbits of such lifting of a Singer cycle of PG(2, q²) new mixed partitions of PG(8,q ) into caps and linear subspaces are given.