基于天顶观测的光学系统精确标定方法

针对光学系统在实际应用中与载体坐标系协调的问题,将光学系统基准面放置于站心地平坐标系水平面上并摄取星图,对星图处理获取星像坐标,应用天体自动辨识技术和恒星视位置计算技术得到对应天体的赤道坐标,以天顶点为原点建立天球切平面基准坐标系,把星体赤道坐标转化为所对应的基准坐标,利用天顶点切平面与站心地平坐标系的对应关系,将天体基准坐标转换为站心像平面坐标,建立星体站心像平面坐标与星图像平面坐标的标定方程,解算光学系统综合标定参数。实验结果表明:标定精度达到角秒量级,实现光学系统像平面坐标系到载体坐标系的高精度转换。     

基于虚拟点探测器的虚拟点源效率刻度技术

主要针对尺寸为ϕ75 mm×25 mm的²⁴¹Am标准体源HPGe探测器探测效率展开研究,通过LabSOCS软件模拟及蒙卡计算研究发现,使用同一种结构类型的探测器测量特定形状的体源,其虚拟点探测器位置与虚拟点源位置满足线性、二次函数、指数等关系。针对确定的探测器,通过点源在对称轴线上不同高度位置实验就可以标定出虚拟点探测器位置,再结合它们的线性函数进一步计算出虚拟点源位置,最后将点源放置于虚拟点位置刻度即可得到体源的探测效率。因此,该技术方法首次提出通过虚拟点探测器位置找到了虚拟点源的位置,是一种全新的刻度方法,已达到实际应用的程度,可以大面积推广应用该技术成果。     

A virtual optical probe based on evanescent wave interference

A virtual probe is a novel immaterial tip based on the near-field evanescent wave interference and small aperture diffraction, which can be used in near-field high-density optical data storage, nano-lithography, near-field optical imaging and spectral detection, near-field optical manipulation of nano-scale specimen, etc. In this paper, the formation mechanism of the virtual probe is analysed, the evanescent wave interference discussed theoretically, and the sidelobe suppression by small aperture is simulated by the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The simulation results of the optical distribution of the near-field virtual probe reveal that the transmission efficiency of the virtual probe is 10²－10⁴ times higher than that of the nano-aperture metal-coated fibre probe widely used in near-field optical systems. The full width at half maximum of the peak, in other words, the size of virtual probe, is constant whatever the distance in a certain range so that the critical nano-separation control in the near-field system can be relaxed. We give an example of the application of the virtual probe in ultrahigh-density optical data storage.     

Forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography

We discuss the design and implementation of forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography (OCT), which require the delivery, scanning, and collection of single-spatial-mode optical radiation. A hand-held surgical probe for use in open surgery can provide cross-sectional images of subsurface tissue before surgical incisions are made. A rigid laparoscope for minimally invasive surgical OCT imaging provides a simultaneous enface view of the area being imaged. OCT imaging is demonstrated on in vitro human specimens.     

炮管内径测量仪校准装置研究及不确定度分析

针对炮管内径测量仪的校准溯源问题,阐述了炮管内径测量仪的结构原理,设计了一种具有双动测头的校准装置,建立了测量模型,分析了影响校准结果的主要因素,并对各因素的影响程度进行了定量评估,最后评定出测量不确定度.结果表明,校准装置的不确定度为0.22μm,测径仪校准结果的不确定度为3.0μm,能够满足内径测量仪的校准溯源要求...     

基于放射性气体源体积的虚拟源刻度技术

大气中放射性气体氙同位素的活度浓度值是判断核裂变反应的关键数据, 长期以来其准确测量一直是个难题. 针对该问题, 本文提出和定义了虚拟点源的概念, 并使用LabSOCS软件模拟了不同尺寸气体体源和不同高度点源的探测效率, 根据计算的数据建立了气体源体积和虚拟点源位置的函数关系. 理论上证实了气体源体积和虚拟点位置有良好的线性关系, 在理论上为解决虚拟源刻度技术提供了新的途径.     

基于低温辐射计的InGaAs陷阱探测器高精度光辐射定标研究

介绍了以InGaAs陷阱探测器作为传递探测器,基于低温辐射计的高精度光辐射定标和标准传递实验与研究。在红外(944-1589nm)三个波长初步给出了InGaAs陷阱探测器绝对光谱响应率定标结果。InGaAs陷阱探测器绝对光谱响应率的联合不确定最大为0.655%,最小为0.026%。     

A remark on the problem of approximation of the calibration curve of germanium thermometers for low temperature

In the paper the method of approximation of the calibration curve of germanium thermometers for low temperature is analysed using the least-squares method in combination with polynomial series in the form logR=f(T). The advantage of the reverse form logT=f(R) is shown, which enables to minimize the mean square value of relative errorT/T and that is more justifiable that the first form used till now.     

Molecular thermometers based on phosphorescent porphin metal complexes

We study the temperature dependence of the radiative deactivation of triplet states of Pdand Pt-porphin molecules in n-alkane matrices in the temperature range 4.2–210 K. The nature of the thermally activated “hot” lines that are observed in phosphorescence spectra of Pdand Pt-porphin is discussed in detail. We show that, because of the degeneracy lifting of the triplet state T _{1, 2} in the crystal field of n-alkane matrices, lines of the transitions T1 → S ₀ and T ₂ → S ₀ are spectrally spaced and, in all cases, the T ₂ state is the first state that is activated with increasing temperature. We analyze the dependences of the T ₂-T ₁ splitting on the chelated metal ion and the type of the matrix. The possibility of measuring cryogenic temperatures with molecular thermometers that use the thermochromic properties of Pdand Pt-porphin in n-alkane matrices is discussed.     

光学仪器胶粘剂应用现状及进展

本文是在对国内光学零件加工及光学仪器产品胶粘剂的应用现状与研究动态的调研基础上，结合作者的工作，综合介绍了光学零件加工过程中工艺用粘接材料与工艺材料用树脂结合剂；光学零件、光学分划元件、光学偏振元件、光学塑料元件等的胶合用光学胶；光学仪器产品结构用结构胶及非结构胶；光学仪器产品及部件用密封胶等的应用现状及其进展概况     

光学镜头轴线精确定心校准技术

目前,随着军用光学镜头结构复杂度以及性能要求的不断提高,传统装调手段误差大、一致性差的缺陷越发明显,为此,提出了光学镜头轴线精度定心校准技术以满足尖端光学系统的装调需求。首先,分析了影响光学镜头成像质量的误差来源;其次,提出了带数据反馈的闭环制造链原理,将整个光学系统研制环节结合成一个闭环;之后,针对现有装调手段的不足,从保证中心偏差和光学间隔两方面,提出了以定心加工为核心的镜组轴线精确校准方法,其光机轴线一致性达到秒级,尺寸精度达到微米级;最后,采用本文技术,设计研制了一套光学镜头,与传统镜头相比,焦距误差由1%提高至0.1%,分辨力由2.3″提高至2.04″。     

Fractal surface for calibration of an optical profiler

The surface profiler has become a basic metrology tool for the characterization of high-quality optical surfaces. The unknown effective resolution of the surface profiler is problematic in using the instrument, as it distorts the measured surface profile. In this paper, we suggest and describe the use of a fractal surface as a standard test surface with which to calibrate the effective resolution of a surface profiler. Fractal surfaces have the characteristics of irregularity, self-similarity and low correlation, with the correlation length being approximately equal to the length of the profile; therefore, a log-log plot of the power spectral density curve is a straight line. The power spectral density curves of fractal surfaces, which can be acquired through surface characterization techniques such as atomic force microscopy, are fitted to a straight line to act as a standard with which to calibrate an optical profiler in different ranges. Through calibration, we can obtain the effective resolution of the optical profiler, and the surface profiler is found to have good transmission capacity within the effective spatial frequency range.     

光学标校技术在舰炮武器系统中的应用研究

为了解决舰炮武器系统瞄星标校受天气影响较大的问题,针对雷达（光电）与舰炮一体化的武器系统,提出了一种不需要参照物的光学标校方法。该方法用激光束将炮管轴线引出,通过不失调光学组件进行平行移动并进入雷达（光电）接收窗口,从而获得雷达（光电系统）轴线与炮管轴线的角度差并进行标校。测试与试验结果表明,该方法具有操作简便、效率高、适时性强、标校误差不大于0.5 mrad等特点,与描星方法标校相比,受天气、环境因素影响较小,对充分发挥舰炮武器系统的作战效能具有显著作用。     

绝对吸收式激光能量计高准确度校准技术研究

采用量热法的高能激光能量计用于测量能量大于50 kJ的连续波高能激光能量,通常用已知功率的连续激光开展激光能量计的光电校准需要激光照射时间超过20 min,而由于热损失等原因,进行长时间激光能量校准时,校准不确定度高达12%。以量热式平面吸收高能激光能量计为模型,从理论上分析了热辐射、热对流对连续波高能激光能量测量结果的影响,得到了较准确的平面吸收腔激光能量计冷却数学模型,实现了能量计热损失补偿,并通过建立相应的实验装置验证了该模型,用其对装置的测量结果加以修正,可使光电校准的测量不确定度减小到1%以下。     

A camera calibration method for large field optical measurement

A camera calibration method is presented for large field optical measurement, where the camera is close to the ground and the control points can only be located close to the ground, too. In such conditions, the camera's optical center and the control points are approximately coplanar. Only a single image of these control points captured by the camera in measurement state is used in the method. Neither to distribute the control points in space rationally nor to calibrate the camera's intrinsic parameters in laboratory in advance is needed. By the presented method, the camera's principal point position, focal length, radial and transverse tangency lens distortion coefficients, and the camera's position and attitude parameters can be estimated precisely. Then the calibration results can be used for precise large field optical measurement in the conditions that the camera's longitudinal tangency lens distortion can be neglected or the objects’ movement field is close to the ground, which is usually factual in practical applications. The presented camera calibration method has been successfully used in applications, such as automatic landing of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) based on optical measurement guidance, to calibrate the cameras precisely.     

Cross-diffractive optical elements for wide angle geometric camera calibration

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) can generate multiple two-dimensional (2D) diffraction grids that can be used to calibrate cameras for photogrammetry. However, several factors limit the accuracy and the functionality of this technique. One of the most important is the DOE fabrication itself. A large DOE with wide 2D fan-out grids is very difficult and costly to develop. Consequently, the calibration is limited to small aperture cameras and/or limited angles. To overcome these problems, we present a low cost solution. We propose to use two large, commercially available, crossed phase DOEs that generate 15×15 equally spaced dots. As the DOEs are not perfect, the unwanted secondary diffractive orders are used as calibration targets to expand the calibration field of view. We show that the use of the primary and secondary diffractive orders provides a valuable calibration tool for wide angle aerial cameras.     

基于中阶梯光栅的波长定标方法研究

波长定标是仪器遥感数据定量化的前提和基础。针对星载大气微量成分探测仪视场大、波长宽、空间分辨率和波长分辨率高的特点,建立了基于中阶梯衍射光栅的波长定标装置。中阶梯光栅因其较少的线密度和较大的闪耀角工作在较高的闪耀级次,光谱范围宽且具有较高的分辨率,可在工作波段内一次性输出多条分布较为均匀的谱线,克服了传统定标方式的缺点,提高了定标精度。本文首先介绍了波长定标装置的工作原理,接着利用该装置对高光谱大气微量成份探测仪进行波长定标,通过寻峰和回归分析给出载荷的波长定标方程,并利用标准汞灯谱线对定标结果进行检验。结果表明:高光谱大气微量成份探测仪的像元和波长近似满足线性分布规律,定标不确定度为0.025 8 nm,汞灯特征谱线的定标值和标准值偏差最大不超过0.043 5 nm,证明了定标结果的准确性。