基于石墨烯和金纳米棒复合物的过氧化氢电化学传感器

利用阴离子型聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)保护的带负电荷的还原态石墨烯(GN)与带正电荷的金纳米棒(AuNR)之间的静电吸附,通过层层自组装的方法研制出一种新型过氧化氢(H2O2)传感器。首先将PVP保护的石墨烯(PVP-GNs)吸附到表面干净的裸玻碳电极(GCE)上,再将PVP-GNs修饰的电极浸泡于金纳米棒溶液中,通过静电吸附将金纳米棒负载在PVP-GNs膜之上。以循环伏安及计时安培电流等方法对修饰电极的性质进行了表征。结果表明,制备的PVP-GNs-AuNRs/GCE对H2O2的催化还原显示出好的电催化活性。测定H2O2的线性范围为25～712μmol/L;检出限(S/N=3)为7.5μmol/L。此传感器制作简单,具有响应快、稳定性好、灵敏度高等特点。     

基于蘑菇状的金/聚苯胺纳米复合材料的亚硝酸根传感器

通过原位聚合法制备了金纳米颗粒(Au NPs)掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI)纳米复合材料，该复合材料修饰的电极(Au/PANI/GCE)对亚硝酸根(NO₂^-)的氧化具有明显的电催化活性，其独特且均匀分散的蘑菇状结构可以掺杂更多的Au NPs，提供较多的活性位点和较大的比表面积，有助于提高电化学催化NO₂^-的效果。导电聚合物PANI中可质子化的苯胺(PhNH³⁺)与溶液中带负电荷的NO₂^-产生静电吸附可促进电子的传递。Au/PANI/GCE对NO₂^-的检出限为0.6876μmol/L，线性范围为10～2400μmol/L，线性相关系数R²=0.9957，该传感器为实际湖水样品中亚硝酸盐检测提供了新方法。     

基于PAC修饰的氧化石墨烯负载纳米Pt构建新型三维过氧化氢电化学传感器

为构建一种新的无酶电化学生物传感器并将其用于细胞中释放的H_2O_2的有效检测,将聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PAC)修饰的氧化石墨烯(GO)和纳米Pt通过物理吸附和电化学沉积H_2PtCl_6共同负载于玻碳电极上,成功制备了Pt/PAC-GO/GCE生物传感器。扫描电镜表明纳米Pt能很好地负载于PAC-GO表面。Pt/PAC-GO/GCE生物传感器对H_2O_2具有较宽的线性范围(0.04～3.6μmol/L及4.4～28.6μmol/L)及较高的电流响应(检出限为0.01μmol/L)。此外,该生物传感器具有较强的抗干扰能力,已成功用于活细胞H_2O_2的检测,有望用于医学诊断。     

聚乙烯亚胺功能化碳纳米管负载铂@金核壳纳米粒子的过氧化氢传感器

实验以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)功能化的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)作为生长基质,电沉积金纳米粒子(AuNPs)作为晶种,采用种子介导生长法在玻碳电极(GCE)上生长铂纳米粒子(PtNPs),以此制备了一种新型的过氧化氢(H2O2)传感器。利用电化学方法和冷场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对此修饰电极(Pt@Au/PEIMWNTs/GCE)进行了表征。示差脉冲实验表明,该电极对H2O2有优异的电催化效果,在9.2×10!8~2.1×10!3mol/L范围内H2O2的浓度与电流响应呈线性关系,线性相关系数0.9994,检出限3.1×10!8mol/L(S/N=3)。     

基于自组装L-半胱氨酸与纳米金的H2O2生物传感器

通过在金电极表面自组装L-半胱氨酸,再分别吸附纳米金与辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的方法,成功的制备了H2O2生物传感器.采用循环伏安法考察了传感器的电化学特性,电极对H2O2在浓度为2.1×10-6～3.6×10-3 mol/L的范围内呈线性,检出限为8.9×10-7 mol/L (S/N＝3).该传感器具有稳定性好,线性范围宽,检出限低等优点,同时具有一定的抗干扰能力.     

基于层层静电吸附天青Ⅰ和纳米金固定过氧化物酶生物传感器的研究

在玻碳电极(GCE)上,构造了一种以对氨基苯磺酸电聚合膜(PABSA)为基底,利用层层静电自组装技术固定多层天青Ⅰ(AI)和纳米金(nano-Au)制备的复合薄膜(nano-Au/AI)n,然后通过静电吸附辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)制得过氧化氢生物传感器[HRP/(nano-Au/AI)n/PABSA/GCE].采用循环伏安法和计时电流法考察了该传感器的电化学性质,并且研究了该修饰电极对H2O2的催化还原作用.在优化的实验条件下,该传感器的响应电流与其浓度在3.5×10-6～3.6×10-3 mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为1.2×10-6 mol/L.该传感器的米氏常数为1.5 mmol/L,表明所固定的酶具有较高的生物活性.     

基于胆碱修饰层为基底的纳米金固定过氧化物酶修饰电极的研究

玻碳电极上共价修饰上单分子层胆碱(Ch)可以显著提高电极的活性。本研究利用该电极上胆碱层带有的正电荷,牢固吸附带负电荷的纳米金溶胶,继而利用纳米金颗粒良好固载辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),制备出了基于HRP酶直接电化学的H2O2传感器。以阻抗谱、循环伏安等方法表征了修饰电极的性质。结果显示,该电化学传感器具有良好的催化活性,电活性HRP的表面浓度(Γ*)为1.2×10-9mol/cm2,米氏常数KMapp=1.55±0.11 mmol/L。该修饰电极在H2O2浓度1.2×10-6~3.2×10-3mol/L范围内有线性响应,检出限(S/N=3)为4.0×10-7mol/L。本修饰电极制备简单,选择性高,稳定性好,可以作为进一步构筑生物传感器的基础。     

离子液体掺杂聚苯胺/纳米铜修饰电极制备及其在过氧化氢测定中的应用

在离子液体1-甲基咪唑-三氟乙酸中用循环伏安法(CV)电聚合苯胺制得离子液体掺杂聚苯胺膜修饰玻碳电极(IL-PANI/GCE),进一步在其表面原位电沉积纳米铜粒子,构制用于测定H2O2的新型离子液体掺杂聚苯胺/纳米铜(nano-Cu/IL-PANI/GCE)电化学传感器。用扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安法(CV)和电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)表征此修饰电极,并讨论了其对H2O2的电催化还原机制。在0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液和"0.35 V电位下,用电流法测定了H2O2的含量,在20～1.12 mmol/L浓度范围内线性关系良好;检出限为0.1μmol/L,响应时间约为3 s。     

基于Nafion-氧化石墨烯复合物/硫堇/纳米金构建过氧化氢传感器的研究

利用Nafion(全氟聚苯乙烯磺酸溶液)-氧化石墨烯复合物、硫堇和纳米金构建了H2O2酶传感器。首先将氧化石墨烯分散在体积分数0.2%Nafion溶液中制得Nafion-氧化石墨烯的复合物,并将其固定在玻碳电极表面,通过静电吸附将带正电荷的硫堇吸附到Nafion-氧化石墨烯复合膜修饰的玻碳电极表面,再利用静电吸附将纳米金修饰于电极上,通过纳米金来固定辣根过氧化物酶从而制得H2O2传感器。用循环伏安法和计时电流法考察该修饰电极的电化学特性。H2O2浓度为5.5×10-6~1.0×10-3mol/L时,酶电极的响应电流值与H2O2的浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.80×10-6mol/L。     

电沉积纳米ZnO修饰玻碳电极交流阻抗法测定硫离子

以Zn(NO3)2和KCl为支持解液,在裸玻碳电极(GCE)上电化学沉积一层纳米Zn O薄膜,制备出一种基于纳米Zn O修饰电极(Zn O/GCE)用于检测S2-的电化学传感器。电化学循环伏安法(CV)表明该修饰电极具有大的比表面积及良好导电性能。将Zn O/GCE置于微酸性的Na2S(p H 6.5)溶液中进行富集反应12 min后,可得到恒定的电化学交流阻抗值(Ret)。在最优实验条件下,该制备电极可成功应用于检测不同浓度的Na2S溶液,其ΔRet值与Na2S浓度范围(1.0×10-7~1.0×10-3mol/L)的对数呈良好的线性关系,检出限为6.37×10-8mol/L。制备电极(Zn O/GCE)可应用于实际水样中硫化物的检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.