高效液相色谱–氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定塑料食品包装材料中的有机锡

建立了高效液相色谱–氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法同时测定塑料食品包装材料中二甲基锡(DMT)、三甲基锡(TMT)、二丁基锡(DBT)和二苯基锡(DPh T)含量的方法。选择甲醇为溶剂,微波辅助萃取样品中的有机锡化合物,采用Eclipse Plus C18反相柱,在流动相为甲醇–水–乙酸(体积比为65∶33∶2)的混合溶液中,加入0.05%的三乙胺溶液作为离子对试剂,流速为0.6 m L/min时,4种有机锡化合物可达到有效分离。在4%盐酸溶液和2.5%硼氢化钠溶液的氢化反应条件下,4种有机锡化合物质量浓度在5~100μg/L范围内与对应吸收峰面积呈良好线性关系,其相关系数(r)均大于0.999。方法的检出限在0.35~0.50μg/L之间。样品平均加标回收率为86.4%~94.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于7.4%(n=7)。该方法操作简单快速,分离效果好,适用于塑料食品包装材料中有机锡的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱法分析水产品中有机锡的形态

建立了水产品中三甲基锡(TMT)、一丁基锡(MBT)、二丁基锡(DBT)、三丁基锡(TBT)、一苯基锡(MPhT)、二苯基锡(DPhT)、三苯基锡(TPhT)7种有机锡化合物的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)的分离检测方法.方法利用Eclipse Plus C18反相色谱柱对水产品中7种有机锡化合物进行分离,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱对锡元素进行检测,外标法定量测定水产品中7种有机锡化合物的含量.研究采用30 mL 30％乙酸-甲醇提取液(V/V),低温超声萃取10 min后离心3 min,取上清液20 mL浓缩,用流动相定容至2 mL,以乙酸(0.2％三乙胺,V/V)-甲醇溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,7种有机锡化合物在30 min内得到了有效分离.7种有机锡化合物标准曲线的线性相关系数大于0.995,检出限0.11 ～0.60 μg/kg.此前处理方法样品加标回收率为72.1％～ 111.7％.本方法操作简便,分离效果好,检出限低,适用于水产品中有机锡的检测.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定紫菜中三种三取代有机锡化合物

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时测定紫菜中三甲基锡(TMT)、三苯基锡(TPhT)和三丁基锡(TBT)的分析新方法。样品用二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯(1∶1,V/V)混合溶剂进行超声提取,提取液经氮吹至近干,并用甲醇和水混合溶液(7∶3,V/V)定容,经活性炭净化。采用ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18色谱柱分离,流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液(55∶45,V/V),流速为0.3mL/min。在正离子模式下采用多重反应模式(MRM)进行监测。有机锡化合物在1~100ng/mL浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9902~0.9918之间,TMT、TPhT和TBT的检测限分别为0.2ng/mL、0.4ng/mL和0.2ng/mL。在25、75ng/mL两个添加水平下回收率在72.3%~98.0%之间,其相对标准偏差均小于8.1%。该方法可用于紫菜中三种三取代有机锡化合物的同时测定。     

SPE-HPLC法同时测定浓缩苹果汁中四螨嗪等4种农药的残留量

建立固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱-双波长检测法同时测定浓缩苹果汁中除虫脲、灭幼脲、烯唑醇、四螨嗪4种农药的残留量。浓缩苹果汁样品用35%的乙醇稀释,ENVITM-18固相萃取柱浓缩净化,乙醇洗脱,分析时用C18色谱柱分离,以V(乙腈)∶V(水)=70∶30为流动相,选择250 nm和270 nm双波长检测。该方法在0.02~5 mg/L范围内4种农药的线性关系良好(r≥0.9999),最低检出限均为0.002 mg/kg(S/N=5),加标回收率为85.8%~108.5%,相对标准偏差1.8%~4.7%。     

在线固相萃取/高效液相色谱法检测熏烤鱼及熏烤肉制品中的多环芳烃

基于在线净化富集技术,建立了熏烤鱼和熏烤肉制品中15种欧盟优控多环芳烃的在线固相萃取/高效液相色谱-紫外/荧光(Online-SPE/HPLC-UV/FLD)检测方法。对提取溶剂和流动相进行优化,样品采用乙腈-丙酮(6∶4)匀浆处理,超声提取后,在线固相萃取柱Chrom Spher Pi(80 mm×3 mm)净化富集,反相C18PAH专用柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5μm)分离,水、乙腈和异丙醇梯度洗脱,紫外和荧光检测器检测。结果表明,15种多环芳烃在相应的浓度范围内线性良好(r20.999);检出限为0.03~8.33μg/kg;熏烤鱼的回收率为67.4%~107.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.2%~7.7%;熏烤肉的回收率为71.8%~110.5%,RSD为0.8%~8.9%。经FAPAS质控样品验证,所测化合物种类和浓度范围均满足要求。     

阳离子固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定皮革制品中的4种三取代有机锡化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定皮革制品中三丁基锡、三苯基锡、双-三苯基锡氧化物、三环锡等4种三取代有机锡化合物(TOT)的方法。采用盐酸溶液提取皮革制品中的有机锡化合物,使其呈阳离子态,经阳离子固相萃取净化,有机锡化合物在超高效C18色谱柱中完成分离,在正离子模式下采用多反应监测模式进行串联质谱测定。三丁基锡、三苯基锡、双-三苯基锡氧化物(以三苯基锡计)的定量限为10 μg/kg,三环锡的定量限为20 μg/kg;分别添加4种待测物于空白皮革样品中,加标回收率为54.1%～101.4%,相对标准偏差为4.3%～9.8%。实验结果表明,该方法简单、灵敏、准确,各项技术指标均满足国内外法规的要求,可用于皮革制品中4种三取代有机锡化合物残留的确证检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料用灌木中色素的研究

研究了用固相萃取预分离,高效液相色谱法测定饲料用的灌木中植物的色素的方法;饲料用的灌木样品中的色素用Sep Pak C18固相萃取小柱预分离和富集,以WatersNova Pak C18液相色谱柱为固定相,V(甲醇)∶V(异丙醇)=1∶1和水梯度洗脱为流动相分离。方法可同时测定叶黄素、α 胡萝卜素、β 胡萝卜素、叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b、紫黄质、新叶黄素(新黄质)等色素,方法标准回收率为94%～104%,相对标准偏差为1 9%～2 5%。已用于几种饲料用的植物色素的测定。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用同时检测海产品中的多种有机锡

利用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP/MS)联用技术对5种有机锡[三甲基氯化锡(TMT)、二丁基氯化锡(DBT)、三丁基氯化锡(TBT)、二苯基氯化锡(DPhT)和三苯基氯化锡(TPhT)]进行了分离,采用Agilent TC-C18柱进行有机锡的形态分析,流动相为V(乙腈)∶V(H2O)∶V(乙酸)=65∶23∶12,0.05%的三乙胺,pH=3.0,流速为0.4mL/min,测定了0.5~100μg/L范围内5种有机锡化合物的混合标准工作曲线,其相关系数优于0.998(R2),方法的检出限均小于0.5μg/L。采用流动相对菲律宾蛤(Ruditapes Philippi-narum,R.P.)及毛蛤(Ark Shell,A.S.)样品进行超声萃取及高速离心后,用上述方法进行了分析。结果表明,海产品含有4种有机锡,其中TBT和TPhT的含量最高,为14.38~104.7μg/L(干重)。TMT、TBT和TPhT的加标回收率均优于80%。DPhT和DBT可能存在吸附或降解问题,因而回收率仅为37.3%~75.2%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定乳及乳制品中土霉素、四环素和金霉素残留

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱同时测定乳及乳制品中土霉素、四环素和金霉素的方法。样品经pH 4.0的Na2EDTA-mcllvaine缓冲溶液漩涡超声提取后,采用Oasis HLB固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化,洗脱液用N2吹至近干后用流动相溶解并定容,过PTFE滤膜后在Shiseido MG C18色谱柱上,以V(乙腈):V(10 mmol/L草酸)=27∶73的溶液为流动相进行分离,检测波长为360 nm。在最优的色谱条件下,各目标化合物的加标回收率为83.0%~109.2%,相对标准偏差在2.8%~6.1%之间。3种抗生素含量在0.10~20.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数≥0.999,乳及乳制品中土霉素、四环素和金霉素的检出限分别为10,10和20μg/kg。     

在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱检测饮料中5种食用合成色素

建立了同时测定饮料中5种食用合成色素的在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱-紫外检测(Online-SPE-HPLC-UV)方法。饮料样品用水稀释并经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后,在线固相萃取柱(Acclaim 120 C18)净化,反相C18分析柱分离,梯度洗脱,紫外检测器检测。结果表明:5种食用合成色素在0.5~20 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.999 9,检出限为0.02~0.08 mg/kg,3个水平下的加标回收率为94.5%~103.0%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~2.7%。该研究为快速准确地分离测定饮料中的食用合成色素提供了有效方法。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.