饱和土中端承桩纵向振动特性研究

基于饱和多孔介质理论研究了三维轴对称条件下端承桩在饱和土中的纵向耦合振动. 首先通 过引入势函数对Biot动力固结方程解耦，采用算子分解方法及分离变量法求得饱和土层振动 解，进而利用桩土完全耦合条件得到桩土系统定解. 然后对桩顶的频率和时域响应进行参数 研究，结果表明，桩的长径比和桩土模量比对桩顶动力响应有较大影响，而渗透力对其影响 较小. 最后将幅频及时域反射波理论拟合结果与桩基实测结果加以对比，结果表明理论曲线 与实测曲线规律一致.     

端承粘弹性桩纵向振动的轴对称解析解

将桩和土体视为粘弹性介质,在频率域求得了桩轴对称纵向振动时动力响应的解析解,进而得到桩头复刚度的解析表达式.通过数值计算,给出了桩头动刚度因子和等效阻尼随激励频率的响应,考察了土层粘性、桩长径比、桩土模量比、桩泊松比和粘性等参数对桩头刚度因子和等效阻尼的影响.研究表明:由于考虑了桩的径向变形效应以及土层对桩的径向力作用,轴对称解析解的桩头动刚度因子和等效阻尼与经典Euler杆模型桩的桩头动刚度因子和阻尼有较大区别.因此,经典Euler杆模型桩的适用范围具有一定的局限性,在若干情形下应采用基于三维粘弹性的桩纵向振动轴对称模型进行分析.     

黏弹性土层中单桩纵向振动的对比分析

在频率域内研究了黏弹性土层中端承桩纵向振动的动力特性.将土骨架视为具有分数阶导数本构关系的黏弹性体,基于黏弹性理论,采用平面应变模型给出了分数阶导数黏弹性土层的动力阻抗.考虑桩纵向振动时的横向惯性效应,将桩等效为Rayleigh-Love杆,得到了桩头动力复刚度和导纳的解析表达式.通过数值计算,分析了不同模型土条件下桩头动刚度因子和阻尼随激励频率的动力响应.同时,研究了Rayleigh-Love和Euler-Bernoulli两种模型桩动力特性的差异.分析了桩-土界面连续性模型和相对滑移模型对黏弹性土层中桩纵向振动的影响.结果表明:1随着阶数和材料参数比的增加,桩头刚度因子和阻尼明显减小;2对于大直径桩,随着外荷载激励频率的增加,桩横向效应对刚度因子和阻尼有显著影响.3连续性模型条件下桩头的刚度因子和阻尼在共振时的振幅小于相对滑移模型条件.     

任意圈层径向非均质土中桩的纵向振动特性

研究三维轴对称条件下径向非均质土中桩的纵向振动. 首先将桩周土体沿径向分为任意圈层来考虑土体的径向非均质性,每个圈层土体均质; 然后结合边界条件和相邻圈层土体之间接触面上位移和应力连续条件,对任意圈层土体动力平衡方程由外而内逐层求解,进而利用桩-土完全耦合条件求解桩动力平衡方程,得到桩顶的频域响应解析解和时域响应半解析解; 最后通过对土体主要控制参数的研究,得出了土体径向非均匀性对桩-土动力响应的影响.      

桩侧扰动分区饱和土中桩竖向振动特性研究

考虑沉桩过程中桩周土受到扰动产生软化或硬化的现象,建立了饱和土中径向分区桩竖向振动简化模型,通过分离变量方法,得到了桩竖向振动频域解析解和时域半解析解。分析了分区土对桩竖向振动特性的影响,数值计算结果表明,土层模量比、分区半径和桩底支承系数对桩竖向振动有较明显的影响。研究结果还表明,在较强的振动作用下,由于分区软化或强...     

考虑桩土相互作用效应的桩顶纵向振动时域响应分析

在考虑桩土耦合作用以及土竖向波动效应条件下,对均质滞回材料阻尼土中弹性支承桩桩顶纵向振动时域响应进行了理论研究。首先建立了桩与滞回阻尼土在谐和振动情况下的定解问题,然后先对土层动力平衡方程进行求解并得到土体振动位移形式解,接着依据平衡条件将该形式解祸合进桩身动力平衡方程,并通过对桩动力平衡方程的求解,最终得到桩顶位移和速度频域响应解析解和半正弦脉冲激励作用下桩顶时域响应的半解析解。通过与其它相关理论解的对比验证了本文解的正确性和适用性,并基于所得解对桩顶时域响应特性进行了分析,最后将理论曲线与现场工程实测曲线进行了拟合对比,结果表明两者符合较好。     

广义Maxwell体土模型条件下粘弹性桩纵向振动的半解析解及应用

研究考虑桩身材料阻尼，桩侧土采用广义Maxwell模型条件下，均质土中不均匀桩(截面面积或材料性质在桩长方向上突变)的纵向振动特性，求得了瞬态半正弦脉冲荷栽作用下，桩顶频域响应的解析解及时域响应的半解析解，分析了桩身材料阻尼及土质变化对桩顶时域、频域响应曲线的影响，得到了有关新的结论。通过本文理论结果与实际工程桩的实测曲线的拟合对比，表明本文所得结果能更好地反映客观实际。     

基于文克勒模型的饱和土中单桩对瑞利波动力响应研究

基于Boit饱和多孔介质理论,采用文克勒地基梁模型,研究了表面透水的饱和土介质中顶部固接的桩对瑞利波的横向响应。分别计算了软土和硬土两种情况下不同深度桩的响应、饱和土的孔隙率对桩响应的影响、土介质相对刚度对桩响应的影响、fc-z空间桩响应的分布、桩顶约束条件的影响,并与桩顶自由的结果进行了比较。结果表明,饱和土介质中桩对瑞利波的横向响应受波的频率、土介质性质、桩土刚度比、桩顶约束条件等因素的影响。整体来看,瑞利波对桩的横向影响自上而下大致呈衰减趋势,在地表处影响最大;瑞利波对桩的影响深度随频率的降低而扩大;桩、土之间的水平相对位移幅度与土的孔隙率、相对刚度比均呈正相关关系;同频率下,相对软土地基来说硬土地基中桩受瑞利波的影响较深;顶部固接比顶部自由的桩对瑞利波的响应小。计算结果对工程抗震设计具有参考价值。     

广义Voigt土模型条件下桩的纵向振动响应与应用

研究了桩侧土广义Voigt模型条件下,任意层桩土系统的振动特性,并求得了桩顶在瞬态半正弦脉冲荷载作用下,桩顶的时域纵向响应的半解析解,同时结合基桩完整性检测的机械阻抗法和反射波法研究了各主要模型参数以及土层界面、桩身缺陷等对桩顶时、频响应曲线的影响,得到了许多结论.结果表明,得到的理论成果相比于已有理论更加完善并能更好地反映客观实际.将为基桩完整性定量化检测创造条件.     

饱和土地基在简谐荷载作用下的解析分析

基于多孔介质混合物理论,用解析的方法研究了不可压饱和土地基受到简谐荷载作用下的动力响应问题。利用Fourier积分变换求解耦合方程组,得到了二维饱和土介质在简谐荷载作用下的通解。针对表面透水的具有下卧基岩的饱和土层以及半无限饱和土地基的边界条件,获得了固体骨架位移、孔隙流体位移、固体骨架有效应力以及孔隙流体压力的积分形式解答,并通过数值算例分析了饱和土地基在简谐荷载作用下的响应。     

分数导数粘弹性模型描述的土中管桩竖向振动的频域解

在分数导数粘弹性本构模型的基础上综合考虑桩周土和桩芯土的平衡方程和几何方程建立了桩周土和桩芯土的竖向运动的控制方程．在频率域内利用分离变量法和分数导数的性质求解了桩周土和桩芯土竖向振动控制方程．考虑管桩与桩周土、管桩与桩芯土的边界连续性条件以及三角函数的正交性得到了分数导数粘弹性模型描述的土中管桩的竖向振动,通过数值分析研究了管桩和土体模型参数和几何参数对管桩的桩顶复刚度的影响规律．结果显示：桩芯土本构模型的分数导数的阶数对管桩竖向振动的影响较桩周土本构模型的阶数要小,且与频率有一定关系;桩芯土与桩周土的模型参数比τ1 和τ2 对等效阻尼的影响较对刚度因子的影响要大;管桩桩周和桩芯的直径比d 越小,管桩复刚度的实部和虚部就越大;土体力学性能对管桩竖向振动的影响要比管桩桩身力学性能的影响小．     

竖向力作用在粘弹性土体内部时的解答与应用

选择三参量固体模型描述土体的粘弹性本构关系,利用半空间体内部受竖向集中力的Mindlin弹性解,根据粘弹性理论中的准静态弹性-弹粘性对应原理,推导了竖向力作用在粘弹性半无限土体内部的理论解。通过对应力和位移解答进行Laplace逆变换,给出了应力与位移的时域解。作为解答的应用,建立了粘弹性半无限体内部矩形面积上作用有三角形分布、均匀分布荷载时的粘弹性沉降计算公式。为了便于计算与工程应用,根据粘弹性理论解编制了计算程序。结果验证和实例分析表明,文中理论解是正确的,并为工程实际应用提供了理论依据。     

横观各向同性饱和地基上中厚圆板的非轴对称振动

研究横观各向同性饱和土地基上中厚弹性圆板的非轴对称振动问题。基于横观各向同性饱和介质Biot波动方程的一般解,按混合边值问题建立了饱和地基与弹性中厚圆板非轴对称动力相互作用的对偶积分方程,并将对偶积分方程转化为易于计算的第二类Fredholm积分方程;采用数值方法求解该积分方程。数值算例结果表明,当h/a>0.05时,饱和半空间体上中厚度圆板在不同频率下的振动特性与相应频率下的刚性板的振动特性基本相同,当h/a<0.05时,板中心的位移将随h/a的减小而增大。     

粘弹性结构自由振动分析

提出一种分析粘弹性结构自振特性的数值方法,通过弹性等效空间特征值问题及一个代数方程的求解,得出粘弹性结构的频率及振型。此外建立了薄板的粘弹性动力方程并给出相应的求解方法。文中做了数值验证。     

不可压饱和粘弹性多孔介质固结问题的Gurtin型变分原理

基于多孔介质理论,在固相骨架和孔隙流体微观不可压,固相骨架小变形且满足线性粘弹性积分型本构关系的假定下,利用卷积积分的性质,本文首先建立了以固相骨架位移、孔隙流体相对速度和孔隙流体压力为宗量的流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质固结问题的一个Gurtin型变分原理.其次,利用Lagrange乘子法解除相关的变分约束条件,建立了流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质固结问题的若干广义Gurtin型变分原理,包括第三类的Hu-Washizu型变分原理.最后,简单讨论了等价初边值问题的相应变分原理.这些Gurtin型变分原理的建立不仅丰富了饱和粘弹性多孔介质的相关理论,而且为相关数值模拟方法,如有限元法、无网格法等的建立奠定了理论基础.     

一维流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质层的动力响应

本文研究了不可压流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质层的一维动力响应问题。基于粘弹性理论和多孔介质理论,在流相和固相微观不可压、固相骨架服从粘弹性积分型本构关系和小变形的假定下,建立了不可压流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质层一维动力响应的数学模型,利用Laplace变换,求得了原初边值问题在变换空间中的解析解,并利用Laplace逆变换的Crump数值反演方法,得到原动力响应问题的数值解。数值研究了饱和标准线性粘弹性多孔介质层的动力响应,分析了固相位移、渗流速度、孔隙压力及固相有效应力等的响应特征。结果表明,与不可压流体饱和弹性多孔介质相同,不可压流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质中亦只存在一个纵波,并且固相骨架的粘性对动力行为有显著的影响。     

Thermal Instability in a Porous Medium Layer Saturated with a Viscoelastic Nanofluid

The onset of convection in a horizontal layer of a porous medium saturated with a viscoelastic nanofluid was studied in this article. The modified Darcy model was applied to simulate the momentum equation in porous media. An Oldroyd-B type constitutive equation was used to describe the rheological behavior of viscoelastic nanofluids. The model used for the viscoelastic nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The onset criterion for stationary and oscillatory convection was analytically derived. The effects of the concentration Rayleigh number, Prandtl number, Lewis number, capacity ratio, relaxation, and retardation parameters on the stability of the system were investigated. Oscillatory instability is possible in both bottom- and top-heavy nanoparticle distributions. Results indicated that there is competition among the processes of thermophoresis, Brownian diffusion, and viscoelasticity that causes the convection to set in through oscillatory rather than stationary modes. Regimes of stationary and oscillatory convection for various parameters were derived and are discussed in detail.     

Flow Partitioning in Fully Saturated Soil Aggregates

Microbes play an important role in facilitating organic matter decomposition in soils, which is a major component of the global carbon cycle. Microbial dynamics are intimately coupled to environmental transport processes, which control access to labile organic matter and other nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of microorganisms. Transport of soluble nutrients in the soil system is arguably most strongly impacted by preferential flow pathways in the soil. Since the physical structure of soils can be characterized as being formed from constituent micro-aggregates which contain internal porosity, one pressing question is the partitioning of the flow among the “inter-aggregate” and “intra-aggregate” pores and how this may impact overall solute transport within heterogeneous soil structures. The answer to this question is particularly important in evaluating assumptions to be used in developing upscaled simulations based on highly resolved mechanistic models. In our synthetic model of soils, firstly we statistically generated a number of micro-aggregates containing internal pores. Then we constructed a group of diverse multi-aggregate structures with different packing ratios by stacking those micro-aggregates and varying the size and shape of inter-aggregate pore spacing between them. We then performed pore-scale flow simulations using computational fluid dynamics methods to determine the flow patterns in these aggregate-of-aggregates structures and computed the partitioning of the flow through intra- and inter-aggregate pores as a function of the spacing between the aggregates. The results of these numerical experiments demonstrate that soluble nutrients are largely transported via flows through inter-aggregate pores. Although this result is consistent with intuition, we have also been able to quantify the relative flow capacity of the two domains under various conditions. For example, in our simulations, the flow capacity through the aggregates (intra-aggregate flow) was less than 2 % of the total flow when the spacing between the aggregates was larger than $18\,\upmu \hbox {m}$ . Inter-aggregate pores continued to be the dominant flow pathways even at much smaller spacing; intra-aggregate flow was less than 10 % of the total flow when the inter- and intra-aggregate pore sizes were comparable. Although the results may not be exactly the same as those obtained from actual soil systems, such studies are making it possible to identify which model upscaling assumptions are realistic and what computational methods are required for detailed numerical investigation of hydrodynamics and microbial carbon cycling dynamics in soil systems.     

The Onset of Oscillatory Convection in a Horizontal Porous Layer Saturated with Viscoelastic Liquid

The onset of thermal convection in an isothermally heated, horizontal porous layer saturated with viscoelastic liquid was analyzed analytically under the linear theory. An existing constitutive model, which is rather simple, was employed to examine the effects of relaxation times. It is shown clearly that oscillatory instabilities can set in before stationary modes are exhibited. The peculiar behavior of the frequency at the critical state was discussed in connection to polymeric liquids.     

Optimal Design of Viscoelastic Structures under Forced Steady-State Vibration

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT With minimum dynamic response as the design criterion, we derive by means of variational analysis a general set of equations governing optimal design of one-dimensional, viscoelastic structures acted on by harmonically varying external loading. The equations are specialized to problems of minimizing transverse vibrational response of beams by attaching optimal, nonuniform cover layers made of a solid, viscoelastic material on the beams. Several numerical solutions to such problems are presented.