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对使用过的工业粒度MoNiP/Al2O3重油加氢脱氮(HDN)催化剂,考察了温度、氧含量及气体空速对烧炭速率、烧炭程度和催化剂比表面和孔结构的影响,给出了最佳的烧炭条件和结果。实验表明,常压下,气体空速为1200ml·g1·h1时,用含4%O2的氮气烧炭最佳温度为500℃,用空气烧炭的最佳温度为450℃。即使脱炭率达到97%,烧炭后的催化剂比表面也比新鲜催化剂的比表面低些。 相似文献
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新型催化剂下碳酸丙烯酯合成条件的优化唐占忠*(辽阳石油化纤公司研究院辽阳111003)关键词碳酸丙烯酯环氧丙烷二氧化碳催化反应均匀设计中图分类号O624.5前言碳酸丙烯酯(下简称PC)是一种高沸点有机溶剂,在纺织、高分子合成、气体分离及电化学等领域有... 相似文献
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Mo-V-Te-Nb-O催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸Ⅰ.催化剂的制备条件及稳定性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了催化剂的制备条件(焙烧方式、焙烧气氛和焙烧温度)对Mo-V-Te-Nb-O上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸反应的影响. 结果表明,制备条件对催化剂的催化性能具有很大的影响. 与敞开式焙烧制得的催化剂相比,封闭式焙烧制得的催化剂具有较高的丙烯酸选择性,但丙烷转化率较低. 在空气中焙烧制得的催化剂对丙烯酸无选择性,但在氮气和氩气中焙烧制得的催化剂具有很高的丙烷转化率和丙烯酸选择性. 随着焙烧温度的升高,丙烷转化率降低,丙烯酸选择性升高,适宜的焙烧温度为600 ℃. 催化剂制备条件对催化剂的晶相结构也具有重要的影响. 在惰性气氛中采用600 ℃下封闭式焙烧制得的Mo-V-Te-Nb-O催化剂经210 h反应后,丙烷转化率保持为19%,而丙烯酸选择性持续升高,由32%升至50%. 相似文献
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采用共沉淀法制备CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-MnO2复合氧化物为活性组分体系的新型铜基催化剂,并评价其在糠醛选择性加氢制备糠醇过程中的活性,比较Na2CO3、NH4HCO3、H2C2O4三种沉淀剂制得催化剂的活性差异并通过TPR、XRD、ICP、BET等手段表征,结果表明:用Na2CO3作沉淀剂制得催化剂转化率最高.进一步对制备条件进行考察,发现采用Al(OH)3的添加形式和并流共沉淀法有利于提高催化剂的活性,而助剂Mg的添加能有效提高催化剂稳定性. 相似文献
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制备条件对异丁烯选择性氧化催化剂性能的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过正交实验设计,改变钼酸铵溶液的质量分数、pH值和催化剂焙烧温度,利用共沉淀法制备了一系列Mo-Bi-Co-Fe-Ce-Cs-K复合氧化物催化剂。借助于BET、TG-DSC、XRD等分析方法对催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征。在常压连续流动固定床反应器中,系统地考察了上述三种制备条件对复合氧化物催化剂催化异丁烯选择性氧化生成甲基丙烯醛反应性能的影响。结果表明,大比表面积的催化剂具有较高的活性,而平均孔径小的催化剂选择性较差。 催化剂的最佳制备条件为: 钼酸铵溶液的质量分数10%、 pH值2~3、 焙烧温度500 ℃。在异丁烯∶空气=6∶94(体积比)、GHSV=3 600 h-1和360 ℃条件下,异丁烯转化率87.2%,甲基丙烯醛选择性72.0%,甲基丙烯醛收率62.7%。 相似文献
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Mo-V-Te-Nb-O催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸 I.催化剂的制备条件及稳定性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了催化剂的制备条件(焙烧方式、焙烧气氛和焙烧温度)对Mo-V-Te-Nb-O上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸反应的影响.结果表明,制备条件对催化剂的催化性能具有很大的影响.与敞开式焙烧制得的催化剂相比,封闭式焙烧制得的催化剂具有较高的丙烯酸选择性,但丙烷转化率较低.在空气中焙烧制得的催化剂对丙烯酸无选择性,但在氮气和氩气中焙烧制得的催化剂具有很高的丙烷转化率和丙烯酸选择性.随着焙烧温度的升高,丙烷转化率降低,丙烯酸选择性升高,适宜的焙烧温度为600℃.催化剂制备条件对催化剂的晶相结构也具有重要的影响.在惰性气氛中采用600℃下封闭式焙烧制得的Mo-V-Te-Nb-O催化剂经210h反应后,丙烷转化率保持为19%,而丙烯酸选择性持续升高,由32%升至50%. 相似文献
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Tong Xu Benyuan Ma Jie Liang Luchao Yue Qian Liu Tingshuai Li Haitao Zhao Yonglan Luo Siyu Lu Xuping Sun 《物理化学学报》1985,37(7):2009043-0
NH3 plays an important role in modern society as an essential building block in the manufacture of fertilizers, aqueous ammonia, plastics, explosives, and dyes. Additionally, it is regarded as a green alternative fuel, owing to its carbon-free nature, large hydrogen capacity, high energy density, and easy transportation. The Haber-Bosch process plays a dominant role in global NH3 synthesis; however, it involves high pressure and temperature and employs N2 and H2 as feeding gases, thus suffering from high energy consumption and substantial CO2 emission. As a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process, electrochemical N2 reduction enables sustainable and environmentally benign NH3 synthesis under ambient conditions. Moreover, its applied potential is compatible with intermittent solar, wind, and other renewable energies. However, efficient electrocatalysts are required to drive N2-to-NH3 conversion because of the extremely inert N≡N bond. To date, significant efforts have been made to explore high-performance catalysts with high efficiency and selectivity. Generally, noble-metal catalysts exhibit efficient performance for the NRR, but their scarcity and high cost limit their large-scale application. Therefore, considerable attention has been focused on earth-abundant transition-metal (TM) catalysts that can use empty or unoccupied orbitals to accept the lone-pair electrons of N2, while donating the abundant d-orbital electrons to the antibonding orbitals of N2. However, these catalysts may release metal ions, leading to environmental pollution. Most of these TM electrocatalysts may also favor the formation of TM—H bonds, facilitating the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during the electrocatalytic reaction. Recent years have seen a surge in the exploration of metal-free catalysts (MFCs). MFCs mainly include carbon-based catalysts (CBCs) and some boron-based and phosphorus-based catalysts. Generally, CBCs exhibit a porous structure and high surface area, which are favorable for exposing more active sites and providing rich accessible channels for mass/electron transfer. Moreover, the Lewis acid sites of most metal-free compounds could accept the lone-pair electron of N2 and adsorb N2 molecules by forming nonmetal—N bonds, further widening their potential for electrocatalytic NRR. Compared with metal-based catalysts, the occupied orbitals of metal-free catalysts can only form covalent bonds or conjugated π bonds, hindering electron donation from the electrocatalyst to N2 and molecular activation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the design and development of metal-free electrocatalysts (MFCs) for the ambient NRR, including carbon-based catalysts, boron-based catalysts, and phosphorus-based catalysts. In particular, heteroatom doping (N, O, S, B, P, F, and co-dopants), organic polymers, carbon nitride, and defect engineering are highlighted. We also discuss strategies to boost NRR performance and provide an outlook on the development perspectives of MFCs. 相似文献
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制备条件对碳化钼催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以MoO3为前驱体,在CH4/H2气氛中程序升温还原碳化反应制备了Mo2C催化剂,用XRD和BET进行了表征. 以二苯并噻吩/环己烷溶液为模型反应物,评价了制备条件对碳化钼催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响. 结果表明,在还原碳化温度为675 ℃,恒温保持150 min的合成条件下可制得高纯度的a-Mo2C催化剂,该催化剂表现出了较高的加氢脱硫活性,用质量分数为0.6%的二苯并噻吩/环己烷溶液为反应物,反应压力3.0 MPa,反应空速8 h-1,反应温度330 ℃实验条件下的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫转化率达到了73.29%. 随还原碳化温度的升高和恒温保持时间的延长,制备的碳化钼催化剂的比表面积下降,表面积炭增多,引起其二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫活性的下降. 适当增大制备过程中还原碳化气体空速,有利于还原碳化反应过程中C、 O之间局部规整反应的进行,并对其二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫活性有明显的促进作用. 实验确定的还原碳化气体空速以1.8×104h-1为宜. 相似文献
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