基于磺酸酯的荧光探针用于活细胞内过氧化氢的成像检测

基于过氧化氢（H2O2）特异性催化水解磺酸酯,设计合成了新型绿色荧光探针：荧光素二磺酸酯（FS—1）和二氯荧光素二磺酸酯（FS-2）两种螺环内酯型化合物,用于活细胞内过氧化氢的检测．探针结构由元素分析、IR、^1H NMR及^13C NMR表征．实验表明：探针FS-1和FS-2在模拟生物体系中检测过氧化氢具有良好的选择性和灵敏度,且线性范围较宽．细胞成像显示：探针FS-1和FS-2用于PMA刺激或外加不同浓度H2O2孵育的小鼠腹膜巨噬细胞均呈现明亮的绿色荧光,且能对细胞内H2O2微摩尔级浓度变化产生响应,证明两探针均具有良好的膜渗透性、高的选择性及良好的灵敏度．该方法的建立对研究生物体内H2O2的产生,H2O2导致的各种疾病机制及H2O2介导的信号转导途径具有重要的理论及实际意义．     

荧光素类荧光分子探针

荧光素衍生物是重要的荧光探针,在检测和生物成像等领域中显示出巨大的前景。因此,急需对功能性荧光素结构探针的设计策略进行深入研究。通常通过引入醛基或酯化到荧光素呫吨环和苯部分来构建探针,由于其高活性,这些衍生物可以与分析物复合以发生颜色和荧光强度的变化。本文总结了荧光素的修饰位点及方法,介绍了荧光素探针的合成、性质及应用,并对近五年荧光素探针对不同分析物(包括金属阳离子、阴离子、小分子和生物大分子)的检测进行分类说明,旨在为高灵敏度荧光素探针的筛选和生物检测提供参考,并推动其在分析物传感和检测中的进一步应用。     

荧光素和2,7-二氯荧光素与某些金属离子配合物的电学性质及结构

荧光素和2,7-二氯荧光素是两种极其灵敏的指示剂和生物荧光染色剂,早已为人们所熟知,然而,它们在其它方面的应用却未见报道.本文报道了荧光素、2,7-二氯荧光素与某些金属离子配合物的电学性质与结构,这些工作尚未见文献报道.     

温度/pH双重荧光响应型水溶性聚合物的合成及在细胞成像中的应用

本文设计并合成了一种基于荧光素和聚乙二醇(PEG)的新型水溶性双重敏感型荧光聚合物材料,以改善荧光素有机小分子在应用中水溶性和生物相容性差、易脱落等缺陷。首先以荧光素为光学基团与环氧氯丙烷反应,合成含有活性环氧环基团的3-环氧丙氧基荧光素(EFlu),然后通过开环反应将EFlu键合到聚乙二醇(PEG)链端,制备得到具有良好水溶性的荧光聚合物(PEG-EFlu)。通过核磁共振、红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱对EFlu和PEG-EFlu的结构进行表征,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱测得其吸收-发射光谱和温度/pH双重荧光响应特性。测试结果表明PEG-EFlu水溶液在520 nm附近发射较强荧光,荧光量子产率为0.26,且荧光强度随环境温度的升高而下降。同时,PEG-EFlu水溶液的吸收和荧光强度均随环境pH的升高而增强,吸收波长发生明显红移,可表现出对温度和pH双重敏感响应特性。此外,通过细胞毒性以及细胞成像实验研究了PEG-EFlu的生物应用效果。细胞毒性实验结果显示:经PEG-EFlu染色后的细胞存活率均保持在95%以上,证明该荧光聚合物的低细胞毒性。清晰的荧光成像效果表明PEG-EFlu是一种潜在的生物成像剂,因此有望作为一种敏感响应型生物功能高分子材料应用于细胞示踪和检测等领域。     

大豆苷元苯磺酸酯衍生物的细胞代谢研究

该文研究了大豆苷元苯磺酸酯衍生物D1~D3在人主动脉血管平滑肌细胞中的代谢途径。利用高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)检测了大豆苷元苯磺酸酯衍生物的细胞代谢产物,初步推断出苯磺酸酯衍生物的体外代谢途径。研究发现,大豆苷元苯磺酸酯衍生物D1~D3水解代谢产物的进一步葡萄糖醛酸苷化和硫酸化是其主要代谢途径,二者存在竞争关系,衍生物均可以代谢成先导物大豆苷元（DD）。其中化合物D2是先发生苯磺酸酯基的水解,然后甲基醚水解生成DD的代谢途径,表明在细胞内水解酶的作用下苯磺酸酯键比甲基醚键更易发生水解。而化合物D1、D3则存在两种可能的代谢途径,表明在细胞内水解酶的作用下,乙酰基、乙基和苯磺酸酯基可以同时发生水解。该体外代谢途径的研究可为化合物D1~D3的整体实验提供可靠的理论依据。     

荧光素二磷酸酯的合成和荧光分光光度法分析碱性、酸性磷酸酯酶

目前荧光光度法测定碱性和酸性磷酸酯酶的底物常用伞形酮磷酸酯和萘酚As-BI(6-溴-3-羟基-2-萘基邻茴香胺)的磷酸二氢酯.它们具有很高的灵敏度,在荧光免疫分析中被广泛应用. 本文用荧光素和三氯氧磷在吡啶介质中合成了荧光素二磷酸酯,再用氢氧化钠处理为四钠盐.该醇易溶于水,其水溶液无荧光.它在碱性或酸性磷酸酯酶的催化下水解,产生具有很强荧光的荧光素,且荧光强度与酶量成正比,因此可进行碱性或酸性磷酸酯酶的测定.     

汞灯光源芯片毛细管电泳荧光电荷耦合器件检测系统

以宽谱带高压汞灯为光源的倒置荧光显微镜,配备电荷耦合器件(CCD)及微流控芯片,自组装芯片毛细管电泳荧光电荷耦合器件检测系统。选择不同激发波长(340~540 nm)荧光试剂,进行荧光检测,荧光素的检出限(S/N=3)为7.3×10-9mol/L,荧光素异硫氰酸酯(FITC)的检出限(S/N=3)为1.7×10-8mol/L,显示了该系统对荧光试剂选择范围宽、灵敏度高的特点。用该系统成功分离了FITC与荧光素、曙红与荧光素两种混合荧光试剂。实验表明,组装的芯片毛细管电泳CCD荧光检测系统是成功的。     

旋涂法制备聚乳酸基聚酯复合膜的生物学评价

以旋涂法制备的聚乳酸（PLA）、聚丙交酯己内酯（PLCL）、聚乳酸-羟基磷灰石（PLA-HA）、聚丙交酯己内酯-羟基磷灰石（PLCL-HA）膜为功能性骨组织工程支架材料引导组织再生膜,用小鼠颅骨前成骨细胞系作为组织工程种子细胞,进行了平面细胞培养,通过四唑类化合物（MTS）比色法细胞活性定量检测、二乙酸荧光素（FDA）膜染色等研究了基材对成骨细胞的黏附、增殖以及矿化的影响;通过光学显微镜和荧光显微镜进行了细胞形态的观察。结果表明：HA对细胞的黏附和增殖有积极的作用,旋涂膜上的细胞进入增殖晚期和矿化期后性质更为稳定。     

生物荧光氧化硅纳米颗粒的研制与应用

运用OP-10(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)/环己烷/氨水微乳液自组装体系合成了罗丹明B嵌入的荧光氧化硅纳米颗粒.通过电镜检测、光谱分析以及荧光猝灭试验研究了荧光颗粒的特性.将荧光纳米颗粒与培养细胞共培育后,通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪研究了不同时间点细胞内荧光信号和荧光强度.结果表明,合成的荧光氧化硅纳米颗粒粒径小（约20 nm）,分布均匀,形态规则,表面光滑圆润,发光性质稳定.它可被体外培养细胞有效摄入,并可在培养细胞中检测到较强的荧光信号和较高的荧光强度.这提示生物荧光氧化硅纳米颗粒在细胞生物学、超微化学与免疫检测等领域将具有重要应用前景.     

双功能化合物-二氯荧光素二丙烯酸酯的合成与生物活性

荧光素主要用于生物细胞染色。本文合成了二氯荧光素二丙烯酸酯,并用元素分析,核磁共振,红外、紫外、荧光光谱进行表征,考察发现它对人体外培养肿瘤细胞L1210有很强的瞬时杀伤作用;对人体胃腺癌(SGC 7901)细胞增殖有很强的抑制作用;并可用于鉴定蚕豆花粉细胞的生活力和生活状态。1　实验部分1 1　试剂与仪器荧光素(上海医药化工试剂采购供应站)、丙烯酸、氯化亚砜(A R)。细胞由中科院上海药物研究所提供。意大利1106型元素分析仪,NICOLETFT IR170SX型IR仪(KBr压片),FT Ac80型核磁共振仪,KOFLER熔点仪(温度计未校正)。1 2　…     

Synthesis of polyesters from active diesters

Ester-exchange and polycondensation reactions of active diesters such as diphenyl, dithiophenyl, or dipyridinyl esters of adipic or terephthalic acids with glycols were carried out in order to investigate the reactivity of these active diesters toward nucleophilic replacement. Catalysts such as potassium carbonate were required for the esterexchange of these active diesters. Comparison of the reactivity of these active diesters with that of ordinary diesters in the presence of potassium carbonate as a catalyst indicates the rates or the equilibrium constants of the exchange reactions of these active diesters were much larger than those of ordinary diesters, indicating that polyesterification reactions favorably occur. Polyesters were obtained in good yield either by solution or bulk methods in mild conditions.     

TG/DSC/FTIR characterization of linear geranyl diesters

The synthesis, thermal behavior, and characterization of the decomposition products of linear geranyl diesters: digeranyl succinate, digeranyl glutarate, digeranyl adipinate, and digeranyl sebacinate were presented. The linear geranyl diesters were prepared in direct esterification process of a molar stoichiometric ratio of geraniol and suitable acidic reagent in solvent-free medium at 130 °C using butylstannoic acid as a catalyst. Their structure was confirmed based on FTIR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectra. It was proved that the use of tin catalyst allowed decreasing the reaction time and increasing the final conversion of substrates when compared to non-catalyzed process. It considerably simplifies the processing by reduction of the preparation cost and thus this new method of synthesis of aroma diesters may be attractive for practical applications. The thermal behavior of prepared compounds was studied by TG/DSC/FTIR coupled method. TG analysis showed that diesters are thermally stable up to temperatures above 200 °C. The DTG curves confirmed that these decomposition run as a single-stage process. The T _max1 were in the range of 294.5–313.8 °C depending on the aliphatic chain length (–CH₂–)_n in the structure of aroma diesters, which was in accordance with DSC data. The analysis of the gases evolved during heating of diesters in inert atmosphere indicated on the asymmetrical disrupt of their bonds. The cleavage of ester bond and O-geranyl bond was expected. It resulted in production of the mixture of derivatives of geraniol (acyclic and alicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons) like myrcene, ocimene, or limonene as main decomposition products. In addition, the formation of anhydride, lactone, or ketone functionalities among the degradation products clearly confirmed the proposed degradation path of studied diesters.     

内给电子体对Ziegler-Natta催化剂性能的影响

研究了5种新型内给电子体对Ziegler-Natta催化剂结构和催化性能的影响.结果表明,使用两种不同制备工艺制备的氯化镁载体均为δ晶型,而不同的内给电子体的加入使得催化剂的氯化镁载体具有不同的微晶结构和形态.在催化剂制备阶段中,内给电子体的加入方式对催化剂的性能有很大的影响.在5种内给电子体中,以cis-1,2-环己二甲酸二异丁酯为内给电子体时,催化剂的聚合活性和PP等规度最高,性能与工业催化剂相当;当选用cis-1,2-环己二甲酸二异丁酯为内给电子体,CMMS为外给电子体,硅钛物质的量之比为10及铝钛物质的量之比为100时,催化剂的聚合活性和PP等规度达到最高.     

Reduction of diesters of 1,2-diols. Regioselective C-O bond cleavage of the anionic forms

The electrochemical reduction of benzoate diesters of glycols has been studied in acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide as solvents. The reductions occur in two closely spaced one-electron steps, and it was found that the dianion diradicals decompose by one of two routes, depending on the substituents on the ethylene moiety: cleavage of two benzoates to produce alkene or formation of benzil by way of a postulated cyclic intermediate to produce also the dianion of the diol. These correspond to cleavage of the R-OC(O)Ar bonds and the RO-C(O)Ar bonds, respectively. When the radical formed by the former cleavage is a primary or secondary radical, the reaction is too slow to compete with the latter reaction that produces benzil. However, when that radical is either tertiary or benzylic, the former cleavage reaction is fast and no benzil is detected. The dianions of p-cyano- and p-nitrobenzoate esters are rather stable on the voltammetric time scale. However, the addition of lithium ions results in detectable formation of 4,4'-dicyanobenzil from four different p-cyanobenzoate diesters.     

Phosphoric acid diesters protonated polyaniline: Preparation,spectroscopic properties,and processability

Aliphatic and aromatic diesters of phosphoric acid were tested as dopants improving pro-cessability of polyaniline (PANI) in its doped (conducting) state. It has been found that both aromatic and aliphatic diesters effectively protonate polyaniline, inducing at the same time its solubility. The protonated state has been confirmed by three independent spec-troscopic methods (FTIR, Raman, and UV-vis-NIR). Both aromatic and aliphatic diesters of phosphoric acid plasticize polyaniline which, in turn, allows for the preparation of highly conducting films of PANI or highly conducting blends of PANI with classical nonconducting polymers by thermal processing. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Straightforward Synthesis of 1,2-Amino Phosphate Diesters and Application to the Synthesis of Novel 1,2-Amino Ether Diesters

A variety of 1,2-amino alcohol diesters 1 reacted smoothly with diethyl chlorophosphate under basic conditions to afford the corresponding 1,2-amino phosphate diesters 2 in excellent yields. These compounds served as useful precursors for subsequent nucleophilic attack by alcohols in an S_N2 fashion to provide 1,2-amino ether diesters 3.     

Neues Verfahren zur Darstellung von Phosphorsäureesteramiden,Phosphinsäureamiden,Phosphinsäureestern und gemischt substituierten Phosphorsäuretriestern

A New Synthesis of Phosphoric Acid Ester Amides, Phosphinic Acid Amides, Phosphinic Acid Esters and Mixed Substituted Phosphoric Acid Triesters The system triphenylphosphine/carbon tetrachloride may be used as a dehydrating agent for the intermolecular amide and ester condensation of phosphoric acid mono- or diesters and phosphinic acids. Conveniently the process is carried out as a simultaneous reaction at room temperature with the four components phosphoric acid/phosphine/carbon tetrachloride/amine (alcohol).     

Molecular weight control in polycondensation of hydroxyl diesters with hexamethylenediamine by polymer matrices

Polycondensation reactions of hydroxyl diesters such as dimethyl tartrate (DMT) and diethyl mucate (DEM) with hexamethylenediamine (HMD) were carried out in the presence of poly(vinyl pyridine) (P-VPy) and its copolymers with styrene of different compositions as matrix polymers in order to investigate the difference in interaction forces with monomers or the resulting polyamides owing to hydrogen bonding. It was found that matrix effects of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P-4VPy) on the rate enhancement and solution viscosity of the resulting polyamide became more pronounced with decreasing solvent polarity. This result suggests that the matrix effects of P-4VPy on polycondensation are due to hydrogen bonding interactions between hydroxyl diesters and P-4VPy. The addition of P-4VPy increased the molecular weight of the resulting polyamide to a higher extent than poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P-2VPy), and the molecular weight of the resulting polyamide could be controlled according to the molecular weight of P-4VPy. Copolymer composition of 4-vinyl pyridine–styrene (4VPy/St) copolymers as matrix polymers also affected the molecular weight of the polyamide, which increased with increasing P-4VPy unit contents in the copolymers.     

One-pot synthesis of phosphate diesters and phosphonate monoesters via a combination of microwave-CCl3CN–pyridine coupling conditions

Simple and convenient one-pot synthesis of a phosphorus–oxygen bond in phosphate diesters and phosphonate monoesters using trichloroacetonitrile as an activating agent and pyridine as a solvent under microwave irradiation conditions was described. This method is useful for the preparation of various biologically interesting glycophospholipids and also phosphate diesters or phosphonate monoesters containing diverse moieties such as alkyl, prenyl, and benzyl substituents.     

Catalysis and acceleration of acyl transfer by aminocyclodextrins: a biomimetic system of use in enzyme modeling and drug design

[formula: see text] Aminocyclodextrins (ACDs), perfunctionalized at the 6-position with amino groups, bind phosphonoformate (PFA) diesters and accelerate acyl transfer reactions with high efficiency at neutral pH. Aminolysis and esterolysis are accelerated and hydrolysis of PFA diesters is catalyzed by ACDs. PFA diesters have significant antiviral activity. The rapid reactions observed with ACDs show that biological nucleophiles may undergo facile covalent modification by PFA esters at physiological pH, which has significant implications for prodrug and drug design strategies.