隐身材料X波段反射率标准物质的研制

研制了隐身材料X波段反射率标准物质.研究了基板厚度对吸波涂层形貌稳定性的影响以及吸波涂层厚度对反射率的影响.采用雷达散射截面(RCS)法反射率测试系统对隐身材料X波段反射率标准物质进行10 GHz反射率定值,并对标准物质进行了均匀性、稳定性检验以及不确定度评估.结果表明,选用6 mm厚的铝合金作为基板可以得到形貌稳定的...     

隐身材料红外光谱特性评价方法

对隐身材料光红外谱特性评价方法进行了综述.分别介绍了近红外分光光度计光谱反射率测定方法、热红外成像技术、热红外发射率测定方法以及高光谱成像方法.通过人工绿与自然绿色物体的光谱反射率实验提出了近红外隐身材料与实际地物背景存在的差异及其需要改进的技术.     

中红外波段二阶非线性光学晶体材料研究进展

新型无机红外波段二阶非线性光学晶体材料在光电子领域有着重要的应用，对它们的探索是当前非线性光学材料研究领域的难点和前沿方向之一。本文将材料按组成分成三大类（即经典的ABC₂型黄铜矿结构化合物，硫属元素其他化合物和AMX₃型卤化物），分别就新材料探索、已知材料的单晶生长等综述了近10余年来中红外波段二阶非线性光学晶体材料的研究进展。     

太赫兹隐身及屏蔽材料研究进展

阐述了太赫兹隐身和屏蔽性能分析的计算模型, 并对几种典型的太赫兹隐身和屏蔽材料进行了综述和介绍, 指出了当前研究存在的问题以及今后的发展方向.     

铝镧共掺杂的氧化锌红外隐身涂料在帐篷织物上的应用

以水性聚氨酯为粘合剂,掺杂Al和La的ZnO为填料,配以其它助剂制成了红外隐身涂料,应用在帐篷织物表面,探究涂层厚度以及填料含量对红外发射率的影响,并研究了导热系数和红外隐身性能之间的关系。 研究发现,涂层厚度和填料含量对涂层织物的红外发射率有着显著的影响。 当填料质量分数为70%时,得到的帐篷涂层织物的红外发射率可降至0.622,调节填料含量和涂层厚度,可以的得到红外发射率在0.622~0.932之间的帐篷涂层织物。 此外,发现导热系数对红外隐身性能也有一定的影响,红外隐身性能随着导热系数的增加而提高。 通过调节填料含量和涂层厚度制作不同红外发射率的涂层帐篷织物,放在不同背景下拍摄红外热成像图,发现涂层在不同的环境中均具有良好的伪装能力。     

尿微量白蛋白的多波段多光程光谱检测

为研究多光程光谱法检测尿微量白蛋白含量的可行性,利用多光程光谱的非线性特性,设计自动微位移测量装置,实现对尿液样品可见波段和近红外波段的多光程(0～4.0 mm)光谱快速采集.采用偏最小二乘法,分别对样本的可见波段、近红外波段、可见-近红外双波段的多光程吸收谱与尿液中白蛋白实际含量建立回归模型,其中,可见-近红外双波段...     

氧化锌纳米棒/云母复合粉体的合成、表征及红外发射性能

采用液相沉积法制备了氧化锌(ZnO)纳米棒负载云母复合粉体,其合成工艺分为:(1)云母粉体表面沉积ZnO纳米粒子,并经煅烧制得表面晶种化的云母粉体;(2)以七水硫酸锌(ZnSO4·7H2O)为前驱体,乙醇胺和氨水为络合剂,制得液相沉积前驱体溶液,并在晶种化的云母粉体表面沉积ZnO纳米棒。利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、ζ电位仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及红外发射率测试仪对氧化锌/云母复合粉体进行了测试与表征。结果表明,云母分散于乙醇水体积比为1∶1的混合溶液中,其表面带负电(-37 mV),而ZnO粒子表面则带正电(16 mV);两种粒子混合时,可通过静电引力实现ZnO纳米粒子在云母表面沉积;随着云母表面ZnO纳米棒沉积密度的增大,复合粉体在8~14μm波段内的红外发射率逐渐增大,从0.800增加至0.863;对比棒状ZnO球体,结构单元聚集状态的变化对最终红外发射性能的影响不大。     

氧化锌纳米棒/云母复合粉体的合成、表征及红外发射性能

采用液相沉积法制备了氧化锌(ZnO)纳米棒负载云母复合粉体,其合成工艺分为：(1)云母粉体表面沉积ZnO纳米粒子,并经煅烧制得表面晶种化的云母粉体;(2)以七水硫酸锌(ZnSO₄·7H₂O)为前驱体,乙醇胺和氨水为络合剂,制得液相沉积前驱体溶液,并在晶种化的云母粉体表面沉积ZnO纳米棒。利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、ζ电位仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及红外发射率测试仪对氧化锌/云母复合粉体进行了测试与表征。结果表明,云母分散于乙醇水体积比为1：1的混合溶液中,其表面带负电(-37mV),而ZnO粒子表面则带正电(16mV);两种粒子混合时,可通过静电引力实现ZnO纳米粒子在云母表面沉积;随着云母表面ZnO纳米棒沉积密度的增大,复合粉体在8~14μm波段内的红外发射率逐渐增大,从0.800增加至0.863;对比棒状ZnO球体,结构单元聚集状态的变化对最终红外发射性能的影响不大。     

(Gd1-xErx)2Zr2O7红外发射率对高温导热性能的影响规律研究EI北大核心CSCD

采用固相合成法制备Er2O3掺杂(Gd1-xErx)2Zr2O7(x=0,0.1,0.2)陶瓷材料,利用X射线衍射仪、激光导热仪以及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对陶瓷材料的物相结构、热导率及高温红外发射率分别表征并对结果进行分析。结果表明,在Rad+pc模型中(Gd1-xErx)2Zr2O7陶瓷试样的热导率随掺杂量先降低后升高,总体上,Er3+的掺杂降低了Gd2Zr2O7的热导率,而Cape+pc模型中(Gd1-xErx)2Zr2O7陶瓷试样热导率首先随温度升高而逐渐降低,800℃出现拐点随温度呈增大趋势。随Er2O3掺杂量的增加,(Gd1-xErx)2Zr2O7陶瓷试样1100℃红外发射率(3～5μm)与光子热导率具有相同变化趋势,发射率的降低导致了热导率测试值的增大,这一现象与材料晶格振动相关。     

基于多参数融合的红外光谱对混合物的组分识别研究

为解决混合物组分的识别问题,该文以7种标准品以及由7种标准品配制的26种混合物为研究对象,以准确率与误判率为混合组分识别效果的评价指标,在研究谱峰匹配算法、非负最小二乘匹配算法与相关系数匹配系数算法的基础上,采用一种基于多特征融合的BP神经网络模型红外光谱技术对混合物组分进行识别,并与逻辑回归模型进行了对比。结果表明,3种单一匹配算法的识别准确率均低于76.31%,多特征融合的逻辑回归模型与多特征融合的BP神经网络模型预测集的识别准确率分别为83.33%和98.18%,误判率分别为4.76%和1.82%。研究结果表明,中红外光谱技术结合BP神经网络模型可以更好地进行混合物的组分识别。为了进一步探究模型对混合组分最低浓度的检测能力,采用香兰素和乙醇两组分溶液进行检出限的研究。结果表明混合物中香兰素的质量浓度为0.03 g/mL时准确率为100.00%,误判率为14.29%;香兰素质量浓度低于0.03 g/mL时,准确率下降20.00%,误判率上升19.04%。故可认为该研究能识别出的香兰素乙醇溶液中香兰素的最低质量浓度为0.03 g/mL。     

导电高分子材料在隐身技术中的应用

文章介绍了有关隐身技术的基础知识,以及导电高分子材料在隐身技术中的应用.根据导电机理的不同,导电高分子隐身材料可分为结构型和复合型,两者在实际应用过程中各有优缺点,文章分别对其作了简单的介绍和讨论.并且针对近几年来复合材料领域的研究热点--碳纳米管纳米复合材料在隐身技术中的应用作了详细介绍.     

Porous Garnet Coatings Tailoring the Emissivity of Thermostructural Materials

The power radiated by a surface influences the energy transfer processes following a T⁴ slope. It is therefore clear that, at high temperature, the study and control of spectral emissivity of materials play a key role in many important technologies: re-entry-vehicle thermal protection shields, high temperature radiators, selective emitters in thermophotovoltaic generators, etc. We have developed a class of thick porous garnet coatings that may raise or lower the spectral emissivity of thermostructural materials in the VIS, NIR, and IR regions. The porosity of the coatings nearly cancels any emission contribution from the underlying materials due to the scattering in the inhomogeneous system: pore/high refraction garnet. The yttrium aluminum garnet polycrystals vary their emissivity as a function of the doping rare earth elements they contain. We achieved an emission control capability in the range 700–3000 nm. Porous coatings have been prepared from ceramic slips containing a reactive colloidal phase and rare earth garnet powders prepared by drying and calcining mixed oxide aqueous gels. Garnet coatings containing Er, Yb, and Tm were prepared with thickness ranging between 50 and 400 microns. The coatings have been investigated by morphological and microstructural studies. A dedicated experimental set up has been developed to measure the spectral emissivity up to 1700 K under different heating conditions.     

Al2O3/SnO2 Co-Nanoparticle Modified Grafted Collagen for Improving Thermal Stability and Infrared Emissivity

Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles were prepared with a modified sol-gel technique followed by a thermal treatment process. With these co-nanoparticles the grafted collagen-Al2O3/SnO2 nanocomposites were obtained using a supersonic dispersion method. X-ray diffraction, FT-IR analysis, transmission electron microscopy, TGA/DTA and infrared emissivity test were performed to characterize the resulting nanoparticles and nanocomposites, respectively. The Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles showed a narrow distribution of size between 20-40 nm and could be uniformly absorbed on the tri-helix scaffolds of the grafted collagen without any aggregation. The nanocomposites possessed better thermal stability and substantially lower infrared emissivity than the grafted collagen and Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles with an increase of degradation temperature from 39 to 210 ℃ and a decrease of infrared emissivity from 0.850 of the grafted collagen and 0.708 of the Al2O3/SnO2 co-nanoparticles to 0.424, which provided a potential application of the nanocomposites to areas such as photoelectronics.     

Preparation and Characterization of Optically Active Polyurethane from Rotatory Binaphthol Monomer and Polyurethane Prepolymer

Optically active polymers are promising multifunctional materials with great application potentials. Herein, environmentally friendly optically active polyurethanes (OPUs) were obtained by introducing rotatory binaphthol monomer to polyurethane. The influence of binaphthol monomer content on the structure, mechanical properties, infrared emissivity, and thermal insulation of OPUs was studied intensively. Structure characterization indicated that the optically active polyurethanes have been successfully synthesized. The OPU synthesized with BIMOL and BDO at the mole ratio of 1:1 presented better thermal resistance. In addition, OPUs showed enhanced tensile strength and stretchability with the increase of BINOL content to a certain extent due to its rigid structural features and high molecular weight. The optically active polyurethanes showed lower infrared emissivity values (8–14 μm) than waterborne polyurethane (WPU), and the infrared emissivity decreased from 0.850 to 0.572 as the content of the BINOL monomer increased. Moreover, OPU4 exhibited the best heat insulation and cooling ability with about a 7 °C temperature difference. The thus-synthesized optically active polyurethanes provide an effective solution for developing highly effective thermal insulation materials.     

Infrared spectroscopic and thermal analytical investigations on the polymorphism of N-arylsulphonyl isothioureas

34 compounds containing the SO₂-N-C-N-moiety are investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry to study problems of polymorphic species. There are arguments for different crystalline solids of 16 sulphonyl derivatives. The phenomenon of polymorphism can be discussed both in terms of different hydrogen bonding and conformational effects. Although two tautomers are thinkable for the compounds being investigated the sulphonylimino structure is assumed to yield the most stable state.     

基于有机复合材料的近红外和短波红外光探测器

近红外及短波红外光探测器在热成像、夜视、农业视察、生物识别传感和遥感等相关领域具有重要的应用。然而目前大多数商用的红外光探测器需要额外的制冷设备辅助,并且器件不可弯折,很大程度上限制了它的应用。为了解决这些问题,近年来涌现了越来越多有关有机半导体的研究。有机半导体不仅具有可精细调控的带隙、高的吸光系数和机械柔性等优点,并且能够通过“卷对卷”工艺实现大面积制备并与柔性基底兼容。基于有机半导体的红外光探测器无需额外的制冷设备且具有无机红外光探测器所不具备的诸多特点,因而很有希望用于发展下一代红外光探测技术。本综述首先介绍了有机近红外及短波红外光探测光电晶体管、光电二极管器的基本原理,其次介绍了近年来兴起的有机半导体复合材料及其新颖的器件结构,接着总结了有机红外光探测器在电子眼、人工突触、以及可穿戴实时健康监测等应用的最新进展。最后,讨论了这一领域存在的挑战并对其未来发展进行了展望,以期促进该领域的进一步发展。     

Advances in Organic Near‐Infrared Materials and Emerging Applications

Much progress has been made in the field of research on organic near‐infrared materials for potential applications in photonics, communications, energy, and biophotonics. This account mainly describes our research work on organic near‐infrared materials; in particular, donor‐acceptor small molecules, organometallics, and donor‐acceptor polymers with the bandgaps less than 1.2 eV. The molecular designs, structure‐property relationships, unique near‐infrared absorption, emission and color/wavelength‐changing properties, and some emerging applications are discussed.