无皂乳液聚合法制备非球形聚苯乙烯粒子研究

采用苯乙烯(St)、二乙烯基苯(DVB)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为单体,在乙醇和水混合介质中通过无皂乳液聚合法制备了非球形聚苯乙烯(PS)粒子。通过FT-IR、TEM和激光粒度及电位分析仪对粒子的结构、形貌、粒径以及Zeta电位进行了表征。结果表明,所合成PS粒子均含三种单体结构单元,且形貌上均为非球形;随着DVB用量的增加,PS粒子形貌更趋于球形,粒径和单分散系数均逐渐增加;随DMC用量增加,PS粒子粒径随之增加,单分散系数逐渐减小,表面Zeta电位也逐渐增加;KHCO3用量的增加能使PS粒子粒径和单分散系数均增加;随着醇水比的减小,PS粒子粒径逐渐减小,而单分散系数则逐渐增加。     

含不同氨基酸反相微乳体系中胆红素钙的形成与稳定性

在聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(OP)/正己醇/环己烷/水反相微乳液和甘氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸3种含不同氨基酸的反相微乳液体系中成功地制备了胆红素钙,考察了氨基酸对胆红素钙的组成、形貌、配位方式及稳定性的影响。采用透射电子显微镜、表面Zeta电位、红外光谱和紫外光谱等测试技术对样品进行了表征。结果表明,此反相微乳体系中所得球形颗粒为中性胆红素钙,平均粒径80nm,在水分散体系中颗粒的稳定性随分散体系pH值的升高而先降低后增加,当pH=4.9时,颗粒表面Zeta电位值为0。3种亲水性氨基酸的加入促进胆红素钙颗粒的成核,最终影响胆红素钙的微结构、颗粒形貌和稳定性。当加入的氨基酸为组氨酸、甘氨酸时,所得胆红素钙球形颗粒形貌无明显变化,但平均粒径依次减小至60和40nm,其水分散体系中的稳定性明显增加;当加入的氨基酸为精氨酸时,所得胆红素钙颗粒形貌不规则,粒径非常小,不稳定,易形成聚集体。     

聚肽-壳聚糖复合体系的自组装行为研究

以聚肽、壳聚糖为原料,制备复合纳米粒子,采用透射电镜、动态激光散射仪及Zeta电位分析仪、荧光光谱仪对制备成的聚肽-壳聚糖复合体系纳米粒子的形貌、粒径、Zeta电位及临界胶束浓度等自组装行为进行表征,结果表明:聚肽-壳聚糖复合体系纳米粒子是具有壳-核结构的球型粒子;纳米粒子平均粒径为240nm,粒径分布较均匀,稳定性较好;复合体系中聚肽的临界胶束浓度为4.55×10-4mg/mL.     

功能化磁性纳米粒子在乳状液制备及破乳中的应用及作用机制

功能化磁性纳米粒子因其独特的理化性质,在乳状液制备与破乳领域的应用受到广泛关注。本文归纳了功能化磁性纳米粒子的制备方法、合成结构与特征性质,阐述了其在乳状液制备及破乳中的应用过程,重点分析了磁性纳米粒子在溶液中良好分散、稳定吸附于油水界面排布为膜结构的作用行为,尤其是磁性纳米粒子的磁响应特征对乳状液中界面性质、液滴形貌及运动状态的影响,并进一步总结出其表面性质及作用行为对稳定乳状液或使乳状液破乳的规律。针对磁性纳米粒子对乳状液稳定性影响规律的探究可为其在应用领域提供理论支持。最后本文就功能化磁性纳米粒子研究中亟待解决的新问题作出展望。     

大麦醇溶蛋白负载白藜芦醇自组装纳米颗粒及其性质研究

采用液-液分散法自组装大麦醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒,重点考察了溶剂(异丙醇)浓度、大麦醇溶蛋白浓度、溶液p H值及离子强度等因素对自组装纳米颗粒粒径和Zeta电位的影响。结果表明:在选择溶剂(异丙醇)浓度为55%,蛋白质浓度为66 mg/m L,分散液p H值为7.0,离子强度为0时,自组装出粒径为(70.0±1.8)nm,Zeta电位9 m V的大麦醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒。在此基础上,进一步制备了白藜芦醇-大麦醇溶蛋白复合纳米颗粒,考察了芯材比对复合纳米颗粒粒径、包封率及载药率的影响,结果表明,当芯材比为1∶5时,自组装复合纳米颗粒的粒径为(135.3±2.5)nm,Zeta电位为(18.91±0.02)m V,包封率为90.4%,载药率为18.8%。扫描电子显微镜结果表明,大麦醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒以及白藜芦醇-大麦醇溶蛋白复合纳米颗粒均为表面光滑的球形颗粒;傅立叶变换红外光谱结果表明,复合纳米颗粒中白藜芦醇与大麦醇溶蛋白之间还存在较强的氢键与静电相互作用。     

基于Ugi多组分反应的海藻酸酰胺衍生物改性二氧化硅纳米粒子的制备

采用海藻酸酰胺衍生物通过Ugi多组分反应制备了新颖的聚合物-二氧化硅(Oct-Alg-Si O_2)纳米粒子.通过氢核磁共振波谱(~1H NMR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对Oct-Alg-Si O_2的结构和表面元素组分进行了表征.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、Zeta电位和激光粒度分析仪对Oct-Alg-Si O_2的形貌、粒径和胶体性能进行了探索.结果表明,海藻酸酰胺衍生物共价接枝到氨基二氧化硅(Si O_2-NH_2)纳米粒子的表面,提高了其平均直径,调控了其Zeta电位,在水介质中能够表现出良好的分散稳定性.以10%的液体石蜡为油相,采用Oct-Alg-Si O_2制备了Pickering乳液.在油水界面能够形成液滴粒径为5.7μm的稳定Pickering乳液.随着水相p H值的增大,乳液体积分数增大,稳定性增强.细胞相容性实验结果表明,Oct-Alg-Si O_2纳米粒子具有极好的生物相容性.     

阿维菌素纳米水分散体的制备、表征及稳定性

利用阿维菌素具有2个活性羟基的特性,设计合成了一种具有阿维菌素结构单元的阴离子型聚氨酯分散剂,采用核磁共振和红外光谱表征了其结构.利用分散剂与阿维菌素结构的相似性,将溶有阿维菌素的分散剂溶液加入水中,制备了阿维菌素的纳米水分散体.研究分散剂中羧基含量及其分子量对分散体粒径的影响,结果表明,随着羧基含量的增加,分散体粒径逐渐降低,适当控制分子量有助于改善分散剂的分散能力.透射电镜显示分散粒子具有近似球形的形貌,粒径在20~40 nm之间.纳米分散体具有较高的离心稳定性和稀释稳定性.     

纳米玉米醇溶蛋白微球稳定的O/W型Pickering乳液

利用相分离工艺制备玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)纳米微球,微球粒径可控制在40 nm左右;经旋转蒸发制得zein溶胶体系,zein溶胶具有明显的丁达尔现象,静置数月不聚沉,Zeta电位法测得zein微球在pH值为4.0时分散性能最佳。 以纳米zein微球为固相稳定剂制备O/W型Pickering乳液,考察了zein胶体加入量、油水体积比等因素对乳液稳定性的影响。 实验结果表明,zein胶体加入量的质量分数控制为0.4%,高油水体积比将有利于Pickering乳液的长时间稳定。 基于zein分子的两亲结构和界面组装特点,提出了zein微球稳定Pickering乳液的作用机制。     

大麻二酚纳米结构脂质载体的制备及其性质研究

通过高压均质法制备包载大麻二酚(CBD)的纳米结构脂质载体(CBD-NLC),并考察其载药量、包封率、平均粒径、Zeta电位、长期储存稳定性等物理化学性质,筛选获得CBD-NLC最佳配方。在优化条件下制备的CBD-NLC平均粒径为163.7±1.3nm,多分散性指数(PDI)为0.14±0.02,包封率和载药量分别为95.5±1.0%和9.8±0.1%。通过透射电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示量热扫描、X射线衍射对CBD-NLC进行表征,结果表明,CBD被很好地负载在NLC中,CBD-NLC主要为球形结构。与文献报道相比,纳米结构脂质载体能够包载CBD,具有较好的载药量和包封率,可解决CBD的溶解性及稳定性问题,提高CBD的有效利用度。制备的CBD-NLC可用去离子水以任意比例稀释,具有良好的稳定性,便于其在医药产品中的应用。     

PEGMA磁性纳米凝胶的光化学原位合成、表征及载药性能研究

报道了一种应用光化学法一步原位合成具有良好亲水性和生物相容性的PEGMA磁性纳米凝胶的方法．在亲水性Fe3O4纳米粒子水体系中,以甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯（PEGMA）N单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）为交联剂,紫外光辐照下原位聚合制备了聚（甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯）磁性纳米凝胶（简称为PEGMA磁性纳米凝胶）,应用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和热重分析仪（TGA）对磁性纳米凝胶的表面官能团和组分进行了分析,结果显示经紫外辐照后PEGMA成功包覆在Fe3O4纳米粒子表面,从而制备得到PEGMA磁性纳米凝胶,磁性Fe3O4含量高达53．4％;对磁性纳米凝胶的形貌、粒径、表面Zeta电位及磁学性质等进行了表征,结果显示磁性纳米凝胶形状较规则,具有核-壳结构,干燥状态下平均粒径约为46nm,而湿态下平均水合粒径为68．4nm,表明其外层的水凝胶在水相中具有较强的吸水膨胀能力;磁性纳米凝胶具有超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为58．6emu／g,在生理pH下,磁性纳米凝胶的表面Zeta电位为-16.3～-17.3mV,能够减少与血红蛋白的吸附作用,可在血液中保持稳定．在其载药性能中发现,PEGMA磁性纳米凝胶对模型药物阿霉素具有良好缓释性能．该超顺磁性纳米凝胶具有高的饱和磁化强度,生理pH下负的表面Zeta电位,以及良好的亲水性和生物相容性等特性,预示着在靶向载药等生物医学领域有着广泛的应用前景．     

Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Cedrol Nanoemulsion in C57BL/6 Mice and Its Bioavailability

As the main component of Platycladus orientalis, cedrol has known germinal activity. A range of cedrol formulations have been developed to prevent hair-loss, but compliance remains key issues. In this study, we prepared cedrol nanoemulsion (CE-NE) and determined the particle size and PDI (polydispersion coefficient), investigated the hair growth activity and studied the bioavailability in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that the average particle size of CE-NE is 14.26 ± 0.16 nm, and the PDI value is 0.086 ± 0.019. In vitro drug release investigation and drug release kinetics analysis showed release profile of CE from nanoparticles demonstrates the preferred partition of CE in buffer pH 4.0, the release profile of CE-NE showed a first-order kinetics reaching around 36.7% after 6 h at 37 °C. We artificially depilated the back hair of C57BL/6 mice and compared the efficacy of a designed cedrol nanoemulsion to an existing ointment group. The hair follicles were imaged and quantified using a digital photomicrograph. The results showed that compared with the ointment, CE-NE had positive effects on hair growth, improved drug solubility. Compared with the ointment and 2% minoxidil groups, 50 mg/mL CE-NE led to more robust hair growth. Pharmacokinetics analysis showed that the AUC_0–t of CE-NE was 4-fold higher than that of the ointment group, confirming that the bioavailability of the nanoemulsion was greater than that of the ointment. CE-NE also significantly reduced the hair growth time of model mice and significantly increased the growth rate of hair follicles. In conclusion, these data suggest that the nanoemulsion significantly improved the pharmacokinetic properties and hair growth effects cedrol, enhancing its efficacy in vitro and in vivo.     

Targeted Hybrid Nanocarriers as a System Enhancing the Skin Structure

The skin is constantly exposed to external and internal factors that disturb its function. In this work, two nanosystems-levan nanoparticles and a surfactin-stabilized nanoemulsion were preserved (tested for microbial growth) and characterized (size, polydispersity, Zeta potential, and stability). The nanosystems were introduced in the model formulations-cream, tonic, and gel, and confirmed by TEM. The analysis showed that nanoemulsion has a spherical morphology and size 220–300 nm, while levan nanoparticles had irregular shapes independently of the use of matrix and with particle size (130–260 nm). Additionally, we examined the antiradical effect of levan nanoparticles and nanoemulsion in the prototype of formulations by scavenging DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; EPR spectroscopy). The model cream with both nanosystems and the whole range of products with nanosystems were evaluated in vivo for hydration, elasticity, smoothness, wrinkles and vascular lesions, discoloration, respectively. The cream improved skin condition in all tested parameters in at least 50% of volunteers. The use of more comprehensive care, additionally consisting of a tonic and gel, reduced the previously existing skin discoloration to 10.42 ± 0.58%. The presented prototype formulations are promising in improving skin conditions.     

Preparation and Characterization of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Nanosuspension

In the present research, the high pressure homogenization (HPH) technology was applied to prepare ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) nanosuspension. The aim of developing this new UDCA formulation was to enhance its bioavailability. The physicochemical characterization of UDCA nanosuspension was performed through particle size and Zeta potential measurements, differential scaning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, and drug solubility and dissolution determinations. The mean particle size of UDCA nanosuspension was 297.5 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.162. Its particle size and Zeta potential did not show essential changes before and after water removal. The DSC curve of bulk UDCA showed a sharp endothermic peak at 207.82°C indicating the melting point. The XRD profile of dried powder of UDCA nanosuspension showed 2 intense peaks at 11.92° and 21.56°, respectively, indicating difference from the crystal characteristics of bulk UDCA. Its highest solubility and dissolution rate were 278.6 µg/mL and 98.77%, respectively. The feasibility of preparing nanosuspension by HPH technology was testified through successful preparation of UDCA nanosuspension.     

Characterization of depleted uranium oxides fabricated using different processing methods

Identifying both physical and chemical characteristics of Special Nuclear Material (SNM) production processes is the corner stone of nuclear forensics. Typically, processing markers are based on measuring an interdicted sample’s bulk chemical properties, such as the elemental or isotopic composition, or focusing on the chemical and physical morphology of only a few particles. Therefore, it is imperative that known SNM processes be fully characterized from bulk to trace level for each particle size range. This report outlines a series of particle size measurements and fractionation techniques that can be applied to a bulk SNM powders, categorizing both chemical and physical properties in discrete particle size fractions. This will be demonstrated by characterizing the process signatures of a series of different depleted uranium oxides prepared at increasing firing temperatures (350–1100 °C). Results will demonstrate how each oxides’ material density, particle size distribution, and morphology varies.     

油酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚微乳液体系的研究

以油酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚作为乳化剂制备水包油型微乳液.通过拟三元相图、粒径大小及粒径分布确定较优配方:复配表面活性剂(由油酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚和吐温20组成)的亲水亲油平衡值(HLB值)为15,助表面活性剂为正丁醇,复配表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比(Km值)为1,混合表面活性剂与正辛烷的质量比(S/O值)=1∶...     

Preparation and characterization of particles with small differences in polydispersity

Colloidal particles are widely used both in fundamental research and in materials science. One important parameter influencing the physical properties of colloidal materials is the particle size distribution (polydispersity) of the colloidal particles. Recent work on colloidal crystallization has demonstrated that even subtle changes in polydispersity can have significant effects. In this study we present centrifugation techniques for subtly manipulating the width and the shape of the particle size distribution, for polydispersities less than 10%. We use scanning electron microscopy as well as dynamic and static light scattering to characterize the particle size distributions. We compare the results and highlight the difficulties associated with the determination of accurate particle size distributions.     

Panos-Fermented Extract-Mediated Nanoemulsion: Preparation,Characterization, and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effects on RAW 264.7 Cells

This study focused on developing Panos nanoemulsion (P-NE) and enhancing the anti-inflammatory efficacy for the treatment of inflammation. The effects of P-NE were evaluated in terms of Nitric oxide (NO production) in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induced RAW 264.7 cells, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation using Human Keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Sea buckthorn oil, Tween 80, and span 80 were used and optimize the process. Panos extract (P-Ext) was prepared using the fermentation process. Further high-energy ultra-sonication was used for the preparation of P-NE. The developed nanoemulsion (NE) was characterized using different analytical methods. Field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) analyzed the spherical shape and morphology. In addition, stability was analyzed by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, where particle size was analyzed 83 nm, and Zeta potential −28.20 ± 2 (mV). Furthermore, 90 days of stability was tested using different temperatures conditions where excellent stability was observed. P-NE are non-toxic in (HaCaT), and RAW264.7 cells up to 100 µg/mL further showed effects on ROS and NO production of the cells at 50 µg/mL. The qPCR analysis demonstrated the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators for (Cox 2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, NF-κB, Ikkα, and iNOS) gene expression. The prepared NE exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, demonstrating its potential as a safe and non-toxic nanomedicine.     

Nanoparticle precipitation in reverse microemulsions: particle formation dynamics and tailoring of particle size distributions

In this work, a detailed experimental analysis of the nanoparticle formation dynamics and the formation mechanism in a reverse microemulsion system is given. The precipitation of barium sulfate nanoparticles inside microemulsion droplets is investigated at the molecular scale with respect to the evolution of the particle size distribution and the particle morphology by an extensive transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. Different mixing procedures (feeding strategies) of two reactants, barium chloride and potassium sulfate, are evaluated concerning their ability for a tailored particle design under consideration of the complete particle size distribution (modality and polydispersity). It is shown that improved knowledge about the particle formation mechanisms, the dynamics, and the influence of the colloidal microemulsion structure could be used for a tailored design of particles,for example, controlled synthesis of nanoparticles with a bimodal particle size distribution by the application of a sophisticated feeding strategy.     

Antitumor activity of nanoemulsion based on essential oil of Pinus koraiensis pinecones in MGC-803 tumor-bearing nude mice

Essential oil is the natural extract rich in terpenoids, showing various physiological activities. Our previous studies have proved that essential oil of Pinus koraiensis pinecones (PEO) can inhibit the proliferation of MGC-803 cells and promote cell apoptosis in vitro via the HIPPO/YAP signaling pathway. In this study, we prepared the PEO nanoemulsion and studied its physicochemical properties and anti-tumor activity in MGC-803 tumor-bearing nude mice. The PEO nanoemulsion showed good stability, with an average particle size of 46.87 nm, a zeta potential of 34.4 mV, and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.121. The results of anti-tumor experiments showed that the PEO nanoemulsion can effectively inhibit the growth of tumor and promote the apoptosis. In addition, immunohistochemical results showed that the PEO nanoemulsion could inhibit the proliferation of MGC-803 cells by down-regulating the expression of YAP1/TEAD and its target proteins CTGF, AREG and GLI2 to regulate the HIPPO/YAP signaling pathway and its downstream signaling pathway. This study could provide the theoretical basis for the application of essential oils.