浅谈蛋白质含量量值溯源传递体系的构建

简述了蛋白质含量测定结果溯源到SI单位的重要性,结合中国计量科学研究院开展的工作及当前国际蛋白质计量发展的趋势,阐述了实现蛋白质含量测定结果溯源到SI单位的两种方案,方案中蛋白质标准物质的定值结果可以通过同位素稀释质谱法、滴定法、凝固点下降法等权威计量方法最终与SI单位连接,因此保证了蛋白质标准物质定值结果的准确和可溯源.以蛋白质标准物质作为量值的载体,可实现蛋白质含量量值在应用领域的传递,从而构建起蛋白质含量量值溯源和传递体系.     

电喷雾-差分电迁移率-粒子计数法绝对定量分析牛血清白蛋白

建立了基于电喷雾-差分电迁移率-粒子计数的蛋白定量分析方法,通过优化电喷雾电压、液体溶液流速以及气体流速等参数,对牛血清白蛋白标准物质进行了定量分析。结果表明,在泰勒锥状态下,样品溶液流速300 nL/min,空气流速1.0 L/min,二氧化碳流速0.1 L/min的条件下,可以实现牛血清白蛋白标准物质和溶液标准物质的准确定量分析,测定结果为分别为20.05 g/L和69.52 g/L,与标准物质定量值的相对误差在±5%以内。该方法快速准确、灵敏度高、耗样量少,且不需要内标和外标,为蛋白质绝对定量分析提供了一种新的方法。     

低温热分析标准物质的研制

研制了两种0~100℃热分析标准物质,分别为金属镓和水杨酸苯酯标准物质。研制的标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,采用与NIST,LGC相应标准物质比较的方法定值。NIST为SRM 2234镓,其定值采用288.6~314.35 K范围内的绝热热量计测得温度及热量值;LGC用绝热法为水杨酸苯酯的熔化温度和熔化热定值,两种方法都可以直接溯源至SI单位。对定值结果的不确定度进行了分析和评定。镓和水杨酸苯酯标准物质的熔化温度分别为(29.77±0.20)℃(k=2),(41.81±0.34)℃(k=2);熔化热分别为(80.52±0.48)J/g(k=2),(88.94±0.62)J/g(k=2)。研制的两种标准物质满足国家标准物质的技术要求,申报已获批准。     

实现标准物质量值溯源性的初步探讨

叙述了研究标准物质量值溯源性的必要性,讨论了实现标准物质量值溯源性的基本途径及技术难点。指出了量值溯源的关键是对定值方法和分析过程质量保证技术进行系统的研究。     

化学比色原理的甲醛气体检测仪校准方法

提出化学比色原理甲醛气体检测仪的一种校准方法。因为气泡吸收管的吸收效率不恒定及甲醛气体的溶解度受标准气体分压及温度影响,JJG 1022–2007不适用于检定化学比色原理甲醛气体检测仪。建立了以水中甲醛标准物质校准仪器零点漂移、灵敏度、线性误差、示值重复性及稳定性的方法。方法准确可靠,可实现计量校准和量值溯源。     

实现标准物质量值溯源性的初步探讨

叙述了研究标准物质量值溯源性的必要性，讨论了实现标准物质值溯源性的基本途径及技术难点。指出了量值溯源的关键是对定值方法和分析过程质量保证技术进行系统的研究。     

标准物质的作用

标准物质作为具有准确量值的计量标准,是化学计量的重要组成部分和量值传递与溯源的一种重要手段,广泛应用于国民经济和社会发展的各个方面.其主要作用在于:1保存和传递特性量值,建立测量溯源性.标准物质是特性量值准确、均匀性和稳定性良好的计量标准,具有在时间上保持特性量值,在空间上传递量值的功能.通过使用标准物质,可以使实际测量结果获得量值溯源性.2保证测量结果的一致性、可比性通过校准测量仪器,评价测量过程,由标准物质将测量结果溯源到国际单位(SI)制,保证测量结果的一致性、可比性,从而达到量值统一.     

氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质的研制

建立了制备氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质的方法。以称量法制备气体标准物质并计算定值,采用气相色谱法对制备的气体标准物质的均匀性和稳定性进行考察。将所制备的标准物质与中国计量院提供的氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质进行比对分析验证,确保了气体标准物质量值的准确可靠。结果表明,所研制的浓度为10μL/L的氮气中六氟化硫气体标准物质定值的扩展不确定度为2%,贮存有效期为1年,完全能够满足电力部门仪表的检定与校准要求。     

镉溶液标准物质的研制

介绍镉溶液标准物质的研制过程。以高纯镉为原料,1%硝酸溶液为基体,利用重量–容量和一步稀释法制备镉溶液标准物质。分别采用F检验和回归曲线法对研制的标准物质进行均匀性和稳定性考察。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法与国家一级标准物质比对定值,并对镉溶液浓度量值进行不确定度评定。利用原子吸收分光光度法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对研制的标准物质与国家二级标准物质进行比对。结果表明,研制的镉溶液标准物质的定值结果为100μg/m L,相对扩展不确定度U_(rel)=1.0%(k=2)。该标准物质量值准确且具有溯源性。     

大气本底温室气体测量标准物质研究进展

综述了温室气体标准物质的制备技术与研究进展。归纳了温室气体标准物质种类和量值不确定度的要求,考察了各种配气技术对温室气体监测需求的适用性。综合讨论了配气技术中的稀释操作、钢瓶处理方式及阀门管线材质对温室气体标准物质量值稳定性的影响,并比较了BIPM和WMO量传体系的差异。     

GC-FID as a primary method for establishing the purity of organic CRMs used for drugs in sport analysis

The National Analytical Reference Laboratory has synthesized and characterized 67 anabolic steroid marker metabolites, both unlabelled and deuterated, and 37 key glucuronide and sulfate steroid conjugate pure substance reference materials. Work is also in process to establish their full traceability so that they can be issued as certified and primary reference materials. Both identity and purity have been rigorously characterized using a number of techniques and a primary method for purity assessment developed, based gas chromatography combined with flame ionization detection for the parent steroids and HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection for non-volatile steroid conjugates. Strategies for establishing traceability and for estimating measurement uncertainty are reported. The strategies described are considered applicable to a wide range of organic pure substance reference materials.     

The preparation, assay and certification of aqueous ethanol reference solutions

Internationally, certified ethanol reference materials are required to calibrate breathalysers and blood-alcohol measurement instruments. The CSIR National Metrology Laboratory of South Africa provides certified aqueous ethanol solutions with traceability to the SI. Ethanol solutions in the concentration range 10 mg/100 g to 20 g/100 g are prepared gravimetrically by mixing ethanol and reagent quality water. To verify the concentration of the ethanol it is oxidized to acetic acid with potassium dichromate in the presence of sulphuric acid. The unreacted potassium dichromate is back-titrated with sodium thiosulphate. The method utilizes gravimetry and titrimetry, which are both primary methods. This paper addresses aspects of ethanol-certified reference materials that have not been previously published: traceability, stability of unpreserved ethanol solutions, homogeneity, quality control measures and the effect of reproducibility on the measurement uncertainty. Presented at -- “BERM-10” -- April 2006, Charleston, SC, USA     

GC–FID as a primary method for establishing the purity of organic CRMs used for drugs in sport analysis

The National Analytical Reference Laboratory has synthesized and characterized 67 anabolic steroid marker metabolites, both unlabelled and deuterated, and 37 key glucuronide and sulfate steroid conjugate pure substance reference materials. Work is also in process to establish their full traceability so that they can be issued as certified and primary reference materials. Both identity and purity have been rigorously characterized using a number of techniques and a primary method for purity assessment developed, based gas chromatography combined with flame ionization detection for the parent steroids and HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection for non-volatile steroid conjugates. Strategies for establishing traceability and for estimating measurement uncertainty are reported. The strategies described are considered applicable to a wide range of organic pure substance reference materials.     

Development and supply system of reference materials based on the Measurement Law in Japan

 Analytical instruments used for measurements of air and water pollution are calibrated by using reference materials such as standard gases and standard solutions. In Japan, since the middle of the 1970s, those reference materials which are traceable to the national standards maintained at national research institutes have been supplied to users by reference material producers. In order to establish the primary standards and to secure the traceability from the working standards to the national ones, various analytical methods such as coulometric, titrimetric and gravimetric analyses for purity determination and highly sensitive atomic spectrometry for trace analysis have been developed as the primary methods and reference methods. The Japanese Measurement Law, revised in 1992, has introduced a new traceability system in which a public organization, a "designated calibration body", can also prepare and maintain the national standards under the advice and instruction of national research institutes. The designated calibration body can provide calibration services to reference material producers (accredited calibration bodies) by using the national standards. The reference materials supplied in conformity with the traceability system include standard gases, pH standard solutions, metal standard solutions and non-metal ion standard solutions. Received: 4 October 1996 Accepted: 2 December 1996     

The practical realization of the traceability of chemical measurements standards

Metrology is based on the concept of traceability. Traceability provides a means of relating measurement results to common standards thereby helping to ensure that measurements made in different laboratories are comparable. Good progress has been made in the application of metrological principles to chemical measurement, but there remains confusion about how you actually achieve traceability in a practical way. This paper elaborates on the meaning and application of much used phrases such as 'the value of a standard', 'stated references', 'unbroken chain of comparisons', and 'stated uncertainties'. It also explains how traceability can be established in a practical way for different types of stated references, namely pure substance reference materials, matrix reference materials, and primary and reference methods. Finally, traceability chains for some typical examples of chemical measurement are described.     

The practical realization of the traceability of chemical measurements standards

 Metrology is based on the concept of traceability. Traceability provides a means of relating measurement results to common standards thereby helping to ensure that measurements made in different laboratories are comparable. Good progress has been made in the application of metrological principles to chemical measurement, but there remains confusion about how you actually achieve traceability in a practical way.

This paper elaborates on the meaning and application of much used phrases such as 'the value of a standard', 'stated references', 'unbroken chain of comparisons', and 'stated uncertainties'. It also explains how traceability can be established in a practical way for different types of stated references, namely pure substance reference materials, matrix reference materials, and primary and reference methods. Finally, traceability chains for some typical examples of chemical measurement are described.

     

What is new in certified reference materials and measurements at IRMM?

IRMM is developing more and more isotopic spike reference materials since these are increasingly needed in trace analysis. In addition, they appear to play an increasingly important role in ensuring traceability to the SI system of isotope-specific measurements made by e.g. isotope dilution mass spectometry (IDMS). Their present availability and future development is summarised. IDMS is also applied in a definitive way to establish reference measurements for IRMM's international measurement evaluation programme (IMEP), which aims at the realisation of traceability for field laboratories. IRMM uses its advanced technology for the preparation and contamination-free handling of large quantities of biological and environmental reference materials. These facilities are used for the preparation of both BCR CRM's (orange juice, sheep milk curd, sediments, etc.) and reference materials for private customers (catalytic converter materials, apple powder, flour, animal innards, tomato powder, etc.).     

Reference materials – a view from a small country

ISO/IEC 17025 has an increased emphasis on traceability and estimation of uncertainty of measurement compared with ISO Guide 25. Demonstration of traceability is a new concept in analytical chemistry and depends on access to relevant reference materials or use of reference methods. Until now most reference materials used in New Zealand have been imported, because they offered international comparability. New Zealand is currently starting to develop the required infrastructure so that it will be able to produce unique reference materials that will contribute to the total international effort in improving the reliability of analytical chemistry. Received: 12 October 2000 / Revised: 18 January 2001 / Accepted: 23 January 2001     

Accreditation system for reference material producers and certified reference materials for iron and steel in Japan

  ISO 9000 series strictly requires traceability to national or international measurement standards. It is becoming more necessary to make clear the concept of traceability of measurement standards with respect to chemical composition and to accredit the reference material producers. In Japan, the accreditation system for reference material producers is considered to satisfy the requirement of ISO Guide 34, ISO 9000 series and ISO/IEC Guide 25, while the producer fulfills the concept of traceability of measurement standards. This paper describes the production of iron and steel reference materials in Japan relating to the international standardization of methods (written standards) and accreditation of reference material producers. Received: 11 October 1996 Accepted: 5 December 1996     

Traceability of (values carried by) reference materials

 Traceability is a property of the result of a measurement. Since values carried by (reference) materials must also have been obtained, of necessity, by measurement, the definition of traceability also applies to reference materials. It is extremely helpful to give the traceability (of the origin) of a reference material a separate name, i.e. 'trackability'. An analysis of the function of values carried by reference materials, shows that they can fulfill different functions, depending on the intended use. One of the functions located outside the traceability chain – and hence not very relevant for establishing traceability – is evaluating the approximate size of the uncertainty of the measurement of an unknown sample by performing a similar measurement on a reference material, used as a 'simulated sample'. Another function is located inside the traceability chain, where the reference material is used as an added 'internal standard'. Then, the value carried by the reference material is essential for establishing the traceability of the measured value of an unknown sample. In the latter application, the reference material acts as an 'amount standard' (the certified value for amount is used). Received: 11 November 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000