场效应晶体管生物传感器

综述了场效应晶体管生物传感器的研究进展。介绍了场效应晶体管生物传感器的原理、分类及其生物功能物质的固定化技术,并探讨了其存在的问题和发展趋势。     

基于石墨烯功能复合材料的DNA电化学生物传感器

石墨烯(Gr)是一类由单层碳原子组成的二维碳质材料,利用它独特的结构和良好的物理、化学性能,可构筑出在电催化、电化学传感器和生物传感器等领域有着巨大应用潜力的新型Gr功能复合材料。基于Gr功能复合材料的DNA电化学传感器与常规DNA传感器相比,具有明显的特色和优势,已被应用于特异DNA靶序列的识别和传感领域。本文就基于Gr功能复合材料的DNA电化学传感器的近期进展作简要评述,包括Gr与Gr基金属、金属氧化物、高分子、生物分子复合材料的电化学性能及其在DNA电化学传感中的应用,并对该类DNA电化学传感器的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

石墨烯纳米复合材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用

将石墨烯与其他纳米材料复合,是一种拓展或增强其应用的有效方法。借助不同组分间的协同作用,可以改善石墨烯的电学、化学和电化学性质,拓展和增强石墨烯的电化学效应,为固定氧化还原酶,实现直接电化学提供新型、高效的平台,应用于第三代电化学生物传感器的设计和制备,对葡萄糖、胆固醇、血红蛋白、DNA、H₂O₂、O₂、小生物分子等的检测显示出了优异的灵敏度和选择性。本文综述了基于石墨烯构筑的纳米复合材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用研究,包括石墨烯与贵金属、金属氧化物/半导体纳米粒子、高分子、染料分子、离子液体、生物分子等的纳米复合材料,并对石墨烯材料在电化学领域的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

电化学DNA生物传感器研究的应用进展*

电化学DNA生物传感器因快速、灵敏、低耗和易于操作等优点在基因序列测定中受到了广泛的关注,已逐渐成为分子生物学和生物技术研究的重要领域。具有电活性的小分子和纳米材料因它们独特的性质,已被应用到电化学DNA生物传感器中。本文介绍了电化学DNA生物传感器的基本概念和分类,综述了近年来电活性小分子和纳米材料在电化学DNA生物传感器中的应用进展,并对此领域的未来发展做了展望。     

基于生物功能化纳米DNA探针及其传感策略

随着人类基因组计划的完成和功能基因研究的深入,基因诊断已成为分子生物学和生物医学的重要研究领域。DNA生物传感器作为一种利用核酸碱基配对原则进行识别,能对基因片段实现持续、快速、灵敏和选择性检测的新方法,近年来发展非常迅速。纳米材料由于具有独特物理化学性质、良好的生物相容性、优越的机械性能及表面易于生物功能化等特点,被广泛应用到生物分析之中。各种各样组成、尺寸、维度及形状的纳米材料如量子点、贵金属纳米材料、碳纳米材料等被可控地修饰上不同的生物分子,用于发展特殊性质的纳米探针,构建DNA生物传感器,实现对DNA片段高灵敏及高特异性的检测。     

纳米粒子在电化学DNA生物传感器研究中的应用

简要介绍了电化学DNA生物传感器的原理和分类,对纳米粒子在电化学DNA生物传感器研究中的应用进行了详细评述.     

纳米金在DNA生物传感器和基因芯片研究中的应用

综述了近年来纳米金在DNA生物传感器及基因芯片中的研究、应用和发展,并对其在生物科技方面的发展趋势进行了展望。参考文献31篇。     

纳米电化学生物传感器

纳米电化学生物传感器是将纳米材料作为一种新型的生物传感介质,与特异性分子识别物质如酶、抗原/抗体、DNA等相结合,并以电化学信号为检测信号的分析器件。本文简要介绍了生物传感器的分类和纳米材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用及其优势,综述了近年来各类纳米电化学生物传感器在生物检测方面的研究进展,包括纳米颗粒生物传感器,纳米管、纳米棒、纳米纤维与纳米线生物传感器,以及纳米片与纳米阵列生物传感器等。     

基于碳纳米材料载体的氢气传感器

氢气作为高效洁净的二次能源备受关注,但由于氢气无色无味、易爆炸,因此在使用的过程中必须对环境中的氢气进行检查。这就决定了氢气传感器在现代工业、燃料电池及氢的贮存和分离等的氢检测方面有着重要的应用。开发灵敏度高、选择性和稳定性好的氢气传感器一直是传感器领域研究的重要方向。由于具有独特的物理化学性质、高的比表面积和优越的电子特性,碳纳米材料常作为氢气传感器的敏感材料的载体。碳纳米复合材料在吸附氢气之后,其电子性质会发生变化,利用这个性质可以实现对氢气的检测。本文就碳纳米材料与金属纳米粒子、金属氧化物、聚合物的复合材料的氢敏感材料进行了系统的分析,综述了近年来基于碳纳米材料的氢气传感器的研究进展,并对氢气传感器的应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望,指出了需要研究的科学问题。     

电化学DNA生物传感器*

对特异DNA序列的检测在基因相关疾病的诊断、军事反恐和环境监测等方面均具有非常重要的意义,DNA传感器的研究就是为了满足对特异DNA序列的快速、便捷、高灵敏度和高选择性检测的需要。近年来涌现出了多种传感策略,根据检测方法的不同可以大致分为光学传感器、电化学传感器、声学传感器等。由于电化学检测方法本身所具有的灵敏、快速、低成本和低能耗等特点,电化学DNA传感器已成为一个非常活跃的研究领域并在近几年中得到了快速发展。本文概括了近年来在DNA传感器的重要分支——电化学DNA传感器领域内的一些重要进展,主要包括DNA探针在传感界面上的固定方法和各种电化学DNA杂交信号的检测方法。     

Current progresses and trends in carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence biosensors

The enormous potential of biosensors in medical diagnostics has motivated scientists to develop newer innovative tools and advance biosensing technologies. The use of cell, organelles, nucleotides, aptamers, antibodies, affibodies, proteins, peptides, molecules, and printed polymers, merged with nanotechnology, offers excellent tools to prepare highly sensitive and advanced biosensors. Therefore, the current decade has witnessed a rapid surge in the fabrication of different nanomaterial-based biosensors. Among them, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have emerged highly attractive in the fabrication of both electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors. On one hand, CNMs bear prominent electrical conductivity, large surface area to immobilize adequate amount of biomolecules, an enhanced loading capacity, improved biocompatibility, and active site for electrochemical reaction. Additionally, CNMs could be chemically modified for the covalent coupling with the biomolecules. On the other hand, both electrochemical and ECL biosensors allow for cost-effective, rapid, and real-time detection with excellent sensitivity and selectivity, with the capability of integrating different biomolecules and CNMs on the same chip. However, currently there is not a single review, which includes CNM-based electrochemical and ECL biosensors' current progress and trends. Therefore, this review intends to survey the current progress and future trends in CNM-based electrochemical and ECL biosensors.     

Trends and perspectives in DNA biosensors as diagnostic devices

Despite the civilization and technological development, taking care of health based on early diagnostics is still challenging. Currently, cancer accounts for more than 20% of all deaths. Cancer mortality dramatically rises every year because of poor diagnosis at the late stage and inefficiency of conventional methods for early-stage cancer detection. That is why there is a demand for automated, inexpensive, miniaturized, and portable testing devices with real-time response, high sensitivity, and selectivity for early medical diagnostics but also for screening air and water. DNA biosensors have excellent predispositions and are a significant promise to become a powerful tool used in prevention and monitoring of diseases, rationalization of the way of medical treatment, and improving the patient quality of life.     

The role of biosensors in coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak

Herein, we have summarized and argued about biomarkers and indicators used for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Antibody detection methods are not considered suitable to screen individuals at early stages and asymptomatic cases. The diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 using biomarkers and indicators at point-of-care level is much crucial. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop rapid and sensitive detection methods which can target antigens. We have critically elaborated key role of biosensors to cope the outbreak situation. In this review, the importance of biosensors including electrochemical, surface enhanced Raman scattering, field-effect transistor, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors in the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been underscored. Finally, we have outlined pros and cons of diagnostic approaches and future directions.     

Tough Supersoft Sponge Fibers with Tunable Stiffness from a DNA Self‐Assembly Technique

Tough and soft : Highly porous, spongelike materials self‐assemble by calcium ion condensation of DNA‐wrapped carbon nanotubes (SWNTs–DNA; see picture, IL=ionic liquid). The toughness, modulus, and swellability of the electrically conductive sponges can be tuned by controlling the density and strength of interfiber junctions. The sponges have compliances similar to the softest natural tissue, while robust interfiber junctions give high toughness.

     

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Electrochemical DNA Biosensors

The discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) about a decade ago has brought fascinating evolutions in electronics, material industry, as well as bio-techniques for DNA analysis, gene therapy, drug delivery etc. It has also dramatically promoted the development of DNA biosensing techniques, especially electrochemical DNA biosensor. The application of CNTs in electrochemical DNA biosensors includes two main aspects: on one hand, using CNTs as a novel substrate not only enables immobilization of DNA molecules but also serves as a powerful amplifier to amplify signal transduction event of DNA hybridization. On the other hand, CNTs can also be employed as a powerful carrier to pre-concentrate enzymes or electroactive molecules for electrochemical sensing of DNA hybridization as a novel indicator. In this review, we place emphasis on recent studies of CNTs-based electrochemical DNA biosensors based on these two aspects, with advantages and disadvantages of each aspect introduced herein.     

纳米复合材料催化发光法测定空气中的苯系物

基于苯系物在纳米材料上的催化发光现象,建立了一种快速测定空气中苯系物的方法。在铜锰铁复合纳米材料上的最佳测定条件为：检测波长460nm,表面温度320℃,气体流速120mL/min。方法的检出限（3σ）为0．5mg／m^3,线性范围为1～80mg／m^3,相关系数为0．9995。对常见共存物的研究表明,方法有较好的选择性。     

Electron-transfer properties of different carbon nanotube materials,and their use in glucose biosensors

Different types of carbon nanotube material (single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of different internal diameter) have been used for preparation of CNT-modified glassy-carbon electrodes. Redox reactions involving ferricyanide and hydrogen peroxide were examined at the CNT-modified electrodes. Electrodes modified with SWCNTs usually had better electron-transfer properties than MWCNT-modified electrodes. Glucose biosensors were also prepared with electropolymerized polyphenylenediamine films, CNT materials, and glucose oxidase. Amperometric behavior in glucose determination was examined. SWCNT-modified glucose biosensors usually had a wider dynamic range (from 0.1 to 5.5 mmol L⁻¹) and greater sensitivity in glucose determination. The detection limit was estimated to be 0.05 mmol L⁻¹.