倍增型有机光电探测器的研究进展

介绍了倍增型有机光电探测器的发展、工作机理、性能调控及相关的应用探索.2015年张福俊课题组以单载流子传输通道的给受体混合(质量比约为100∶1)薄膜为有源层,率先报道了界面附近受陷电子诱导空穴隧穿注入的倍增型有机光电探测器,并抑制了器件的暗电流密度.通过优化有源层厚度调控了界面附近受陷电荷的体分布,制备出超窄响应的倍...     

通过控制陷阱分布实现高灵敏度窄带近红外响应有机光探测器

近红外(NIR)窄带光电探测在机器视觉、医学检测、智能通信等领域具有重要应用.本文提出了一种基于激子解离窄化机制的改进型层级器件结构,以实现响应峰值为940 nm的近红外窄带有机光电探测器(OPD).系统研究表明,通过调节器件内部的陷阱态密度分布,可以有效地提高窄带探测器的外量子效率(EQE)峰值.最终,基于双激子耗散...     

基于有机复合材料的近红外和短波红外光探测器

近红外及短波红外光探测器在热成像、夜视、农业视察、生物识别传感和遥感等相关领域具有重要的应用。然而目前大多数商用的红外光探测器需要额外的制冷设备辅助,并且器件不可弯折,很大程度上限制了它的应用。为了解决这些问题,近年来涌现了越来越多有关有机半导体的研究。有机半导体不仅具有可精细调控的带隙、高的吸光系数和机械柔性等优点,并且能够通过“卷对卷”工艺实现大面积制备并与柔性基底兼容。基于有机半导体的红外光探测器无需额外的制冷设备且具有无机红外光探测器所不具备的诸多特点,因而很有希望用于发展下一代红外光探测技术。本综述首先介绍了有机近红外及短波红外光探测光电晶体管、光电二极管器的基本原理,其次介绍了近年来兴起的有机半导体复合材料及其新颖的器件结构,接着总结了有机红外光探测器在电子眼、人工突触、以及可穿戴实时健康监测等应用的最新进展。最后,讨论了这一领域存在的挑战并对其未来发展进行了展望,以期促进该领域的进一步发展。     

钙钛矿基近红外光电探测器

近年来,具有ABX₃晶体结构的金属卤化物钙钛矿材料因其可调带隙、高吸收系数、长载流子传输距离等光电学特性而在光电探测领域表现出良好应用前景,尤其是基于纯Sn或者Sn/Pb混合阳离子制备的杂化钙钛矿在760～1050nm范围的近红外光电响应性能非常优异,展现出高灵敏度、低暗电流和高探测率等多方面优势。为进一步拓宽钙钛矿的近红外以及红外响应波长范围,研究人员探索了将有机材料、晶体硅/锗、Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物、Ⅳ-Ⅵ族化合物、上转换荧光材料等作为互补光吸收层与钙钛矿结合制备异质结来构筑出宽谱响应的近红外光电探测器。基于以上研究,本文总结了当前拓宽钙钛矿光电探测器的光谱范围的有效途径。同时,对钙钛矿材料的近红外光电探测器的未来发展前景作出了展望。     

基于窄带系DPP类聚合物的高性能近红外有机光探测器件

采用窄带隙给体材料DPPDTT和富勒烯衍生物受体PCBM共混作为活性层,制备了具有高激子分离和电荷传输效率的近红外有机光探测器件,并进一步采用窄带隙受体Y6代替PCBM制备一种"双窄带隙吸收"的异质结结构,在近红外区域的吸收叠加有效地增强了器件光响应能力.最后,通过采用厚活性层、插入阻挡层以及制备倒置结构等方法,将器件...     

有机太阳能电池给受体材料界面的微纳结构调控

有机太阳能电池因具有成本低、质轻、柔韧性好、可大面积印刷制备等优势,引起了人们极大的关注并成为现阶段有机电子学研究的重要热点之一。有机功能层中电子给体和受体界面特性对电池的功率转换效率影响很大,通过给受体界面的微纳结构化,可扩大给受体的接触面积、缩短给体和受体的距离、增强光吸收,能产生更多激子并促进激子有效分离,从而有效提高器件的电池效率。本文综述了纳米压印、自组装、溶剂挥发以及模板法等调控微纳结构的技术和方法,总结了基于微纳结构构建有机光伏器件的发展现状,并对目前微纳结构化方法和光伏应用中存在问题和研究重点做了简要评述,最后展望了该研究领域下一步的发展方向和应用前景。     

近红外光伏型有机光探测器研究进展

光探测器是现代科学和工业体系的基础.近红外光伏型有机光探测器因其制造成本低、柔性、质轻和可大面积制备等诸多特性及其在生物成像、质量检测、图像传感、光通信和夜间监控等方面的应用而受到广泛关注.由于有机半导体材料高度可调的光学和电学特性,已经实现了窄带、低噪声、可见-近红外有机光探测器.近红外光伏型有机光探测器的研究在国内...     

基于稀土配合物的有机光盲型紫外探测器

使用二苯甲酰甲烷-二苯菲罗啉-铕(Eu(DBM)3BPhen)作为电子给体和[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸酸甲酯([60]PCBM)作为电子受体制备了一种新型的有机光盲型紫外探测器.在光强为2.1 mW cm-2且波长为360 nm的紫外光照射下,获得了26 mA W-1的响应度和9.1%的外量子效率,这是由于Eu(DBM)3BPhen的强紫外光吸收能力和长达300μs的激子寿命使得给受体界面处具有较高的激子解离率.在把[60]PCBM掺入Eu(DBM)3BPhen后,观察到了明显的光致发光猝灭和光电导现象.由于材料较低的载流子迁移率和受陷激子的缓慢释放,在紫外光照射关闭后,观察到了较强的持续光电导现象.     

侧基可脱除共轭聚合物的合成及其在光电探测器中的应用

通过在吡咯并吡咯二酮(DPP)中引入热可脱去的叔丁氧羰基(Boc)基团,合成了一种新型的给-受体共轭聚合物P1.聚合物P1的溶解性研究表明,其在常见的有机溶剂(如四氢呋喃、甲苯、氯仿等)中均具有良好的溶解性,可进行溶液加工.热失重及红外光谱研究表明,P1可在适当的温度下退火实现Boc基团的脱除,形成不可溶聚合物P2.聚合物P1薄膜的最大吸收波长为829 nm,最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级与最低未占分子轨道(LUMO)能级分别为-5.25和-3.62 e V,将其作为活性层制备的光电探测器最大归一化探测率为8.20×10¹¹Jones.聚合物P2薄膜的最大吸收波长为771 nm,HOMO能级与LUMO能级分别为-5.30和-3.54 e V,将其作为空穴传输层制备的光电探测器暗电流密度为3.84×10^-9A/cm²,最大归一化探测率为3.96×10¹²Jones.研究结果为共轭聚合物分子的结构设计与光电探测器性能的改善提供了新的思路.     

有机 无机纳米复合光电材料研究进展

很久以来人们就尝试着结合有机材料和无机材料的性质于一种复合材料。在还没有复合材料这一概念时,有机/无机复合结构已被广泛用于聚合物工业中——无机添加剂(矿物、粘土、滑石等)被加入聚合物中以改善其性能。过去十年中,关于有机/无机纳米复合材料的研究工作已成为材料学科的一个重要领域。不同于传统的复合材料,有机无机纳米复合材料其相微区通常为纳米尺度,有时甚至减小到分子水平的复合。复合材料的性质不但与各组分的性质有关,而且各组分相的形态和其间界面性质密切相关,后两者对决定材料的整体性质起着至关重要的作用^[1,2].     

界面衍生化气相色谱法测定葡萄酒中总有机酸

利用离子交换树脂分离、富集葡萄酒中总有机酸并直接在树脂界面上乙酯化,结合气相色谱／质谱法,鉴定并分析了葡萄酒中２１种有机酸。     

钙钛矿太阳电池研究进展:薄膜形貌控制与界面工程

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳电池因兼具低成本溶液加工和优异的光电转换性能在国际上倍受关注. 基于其吸收强、迁移率高、载流子寿命长、可调控带隙以及可采用多种方式加工等优势, 钙钛矿太阳电池在短短5年时间里, 实验室小面积器件的能量转换效率已经从低于5%提高到近20%, 模块器件的能量转换效率可达8.7%, 其效率超过了很多其他类型太阳电池, 接近可以商业化的水平. 借助于相关材料性质理解和电池设计优化, 钙钛矿太阳电池效率的进一步提升存在很大的潜力空间. 本文通过文献综述, 在回顾国内外钙钛矿太阳电池发展情况的基础上, 着重讨论影响钙钛矿太阳电池性能的其中两个重要因素: 薄膜形貌控制与界面工程, 并分析了钙钛矿太阳电池面临的基础科学问题以及展望该技术的未来前景.     

Effects of a Novel Organic Alkali on the Interfacial Tension and Emulsification Behaviors Between Crude Oil and Water

Experiments have been carried out to investigate the interfacial tension (IFT) and emulsification behaviors between Shengli crude oil and a novel organic alkali (OA). The dynamic IFT and minimum IFT are adopted to characterize the IFT behaviors; the microscopic method, Turbiscan stability index, separated water rate, and laser particle size analysis method are used to show the emulsification behaviors. The dynamic and minimum IFT both decrease continuously with the increase of OA concentration whether surfactant is added or not; because of the synergy of OA and surfactant, the minimum IFT will be reduced to the ultralow value. The synergy is also crucial for the crude oil emulsification. When OA and surfactant are used together, owing to the mosaic and cross-multiple adsorption of OA, surfactant and in situ soap at the interfacial film, the oil can be emulsified more easily, the quantity of emulsified droplets is higher, and the emulsion is more stable with OA concentration increases. The relationship of the minimum IFT and emulsification is investigated; it indicates that the emulsion stability improves, the degree of dispersed homogeneity of oil droplets increases, and the median diameter of emulsified oil droplets decreases with the decline of the minimum IFT.     

Chemical Engineering of Photoactivity in Heterometallic Titanium–Organic Frameworks by Metal Doping

We report a new family of titanium–organic frameworks that enlarges the limited number of crystalline, porous materials available for this metal. They are chemically robust and can be prepared as single crystals at multi‐gram scale from multiple precursors. Their heterometallic structure enables engineering of their photoactivity by metal doping rather than by linker functionalization. Compared to other methodologies based on the post‐synthetic metallation of MOFs, our approach is well‐fitted for controlling the positioning of dopants at an atomic level to gain more precise control over the band‐gap and electronic properties of the porous solid. Changes in the band‐gap are also rationalized with computational modelling and experimentally confirmed by photocatalytic H₂ production.     

Pore‐Environment Engineering in Multifunctional Metal‐Organic Frameworks

As a new type of highly ordered porous crystalline material, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively studied in many fields due to their high specific surface area and porosity, flexible modifiability and tailorability. After nearly 20 years of development, the synthesis of MOF materials has gradually evolved from exploration and trial to precise design. The synthesis method has also evolved from an early one‐step synthesis to the coexistence of various synthesis strategies, including functional‐oriented microstructural design optimization, pore size adjustment, and secondary structural unit modification, enabling MOF materials to expand their potential applications in many fields. In this review, we mainly discuss the pore regulation of function‐oriented MOF through different synthesis strategies, including (1) direct synthesis, (2) post‐synthesis modification (PSM), (3) building block replacement (BBR), (4) pore space partition (PSP), (5) construction of multi‐mesoporous MOF, (6) dynamic septal ligand insertion, and discuss the relationship between related performance optimization through framework structure and pore environment/size optimization.     

高分子材料与工程专业有机化学实验改革——以丙烯酸丁酯的制备为例

结合高分子材料与工程专业的特点,在有机化学实验教学中设计并实施了丙烯酸丁酯制备实验。首先让学生查阅资料,对乙酸异戊酯制备和丙烯酸丁酯制备实验中的催化剂、反应条件、原料和产物性质等内容进行比较分析,并设计初步的实验方案;然后在具体教学实施时通过考察催化剂、反应温度和反应时间的变化,让学生分析这些因素对丙烯酸丁酯产率的影响趋势;最后让学生撰写出基于课外拓展的实验报告内容。整个实验的设计与安排有助于学生初步了解科学研究的方法,提高学生分析问题解决问题的能力,并提高学生的创新能力和实践能力。     

A New Microporous Lanthanide Metal–Organic Framework with a Wide Range of pH Linear Response

Lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) have attracted extensive attention because of their structural adjustability and wide optical function applications. However, MOFs with a wide linear pH response and stable framework structures in acidic or alkaline solutions are rare to date. Here, we used 4,4′,4″-s-triazine-2,4,6-triyltribenzoate (H₃TATB) as an organic ligand, coordinated with lanthanide ions (Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺), and synthesized a new metal–organic framework material. The material has a porous three-dimensional square framework structure and emits bright red or green fluorescence under 365 nm UV light. The carboxyl group of the ligand is prone to protonation in an acidic environment, and negatively charged OH⁻ and ligand (TATB³⁻) have a competitive effect in an alkaline environment, which could affect the coordination ability of ligand. The luminescence degree of the framework decreases with the increase in the degree of acid and base. In particular, such fluorescence changes have a wide linear response (pH = 0–14), which can be used as a potential fluorescence sensing material for pH detection.     

热解吸–气质联用法测定纺织品中有机挥发物的含量

采用热解吸–气质联用法测定纺织品中有机挥发物氯乙烯、1,3-丁二烯、甲苯、4-乙烯基环己烯、苯乙烯、4-苯基环己烯的含量。吹扫载气N2流量为30 m L/min,100℃吹扫顶空腔30 min,然后于290℃解吸吸附管10 min。色谱柱为DB–624柱,初始柱温35℃,保持5 min,以10℃/min升至240℃,保持10 min。检测上述6种有机物的线性范围分别为21.13~426.26,21.12~422.49,4.22~211.00,4.10~204.85,2.10~209.70,4.43~221.30μg/m L,线性相关系数均大于0.99。3个添加水平的平均回收率为88.8%~110.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.95%~6.59%(n=4)。该方法重现性好,测量结果准确,可作为纺织品质量控制的参考方法。     

Direct Fabrication of Free‐Standing MOF Superstructures with Desired Shapes by Micro‐Confined Interfacial Synthesis

Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with multifunctional pore chemistry have been intensively investigated for positioning the desired morphology at specific locations onto substrates for manufacturing devices. Herein, we develop a micro‐confined interfacial synthesis (MIS) approach for fabrication of a variety of free‐standing MOF superstructures with desired shapes. This approach for engineering MOFs provides three key features: 1) in situ synthesis of various free‐standing MOF superstructures with controlled compositions, shape, and thickness using a mold membrane; 2) adding magnetic functionality into MOF superstructures by loading with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles; 3) transferring the synthesized MOF superstructural array on to flat or curved surface of various substrates. The MIS route with versatile potential opens the door for a number of new perspectives in various applications.     

Chirality Discrimination at Binary Organic|Water Interfaces Monitored by Interfacial Tension Measurements with Preliminary Comparison with Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Chirality discrimination at a binary toluene (organic)/water(aqueous) interface between R- or S-Tol-BINAP (2,2′-Bis(di-p-tolylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl) molecules and the water-soluble serine chiral specie is examined for the first time, using a combination of interfacial tension measurements and molecular dynamic simulations. Experimental interfacial measurements exhibit a clear chirality-controlled difference when a homochiral versus a heterochiral enantiomeric pairs are introduced at the interfaces. The related molecular dynamics simulations support the experimental results and provide further molecular insight of intermolecular interactions at the interfaces. The results indicate that interfacial tension measurements can capture the preferential interactions which exist between different pairs of enantiomers at the binary interfaces, opening up a new way for probing chirality discrimination at liquid-liquid interfaces.