分子印迹电化学传感器的研究进展

本文综述了分子印迹电化学传感器的制备及其在电分析化学领域中的应用研究。引用文献83篇。     

分子印迹电化学传感器

分子印迹电化学传感器能够选择性识别并检测特定目标化合物,因其设计简单、灵敏度高、价格低廉、携带方便、易于微型化和自动化等优点,在临床诊断、环境监测、食品分析等方面越来越受到人们的关注.本文作者主要论述分子印迹技术与电化学技术相结合构建分子印迹电化学传感器,包括分子印迹电化学传感器的种类,以及电化学方法制备分子印迹聚合物膜的常用单体等.对分子印迹电化学传感器领域新出现的分子印迹聚合物-纳米材料复合物以及纳米结构分子印迹聚合物也一并做了评述.     

盐酸环丙沙星分子印迹电化学传感器

本文将电化学合成与分子印迹技术相结合,采用循环伏安法在石墨电极表面,形成盐酸环丙沙星(CPX)分子印迹聚吡咯薄膜,制备了CPX分子印迹传感器。实验对传感器的制备条件进行了优化,用铁氰化钾作为活性电子探针,采用方波伏安法研究了传感器性能。结果表明,在1×10~(-8)~1×10~(-4)mol/L范围内,峰电流与CPX浓度负对数呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为3.5×10~(-9)mol/L。传感器对模板分子CPX选择性强,重现性和稳定性好,置于室温下15d峰电流强度无明显变化。     

分子印迹电化学传感器检测水杨酸

以水杨酸(SA)为模板分子,邻苯二胺(o-PPD)及吡咯(Py)为复合功能单体,在石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极表面制备分子印迹电化学传感器(MIP/GO/GCE),用扫描电镜(SEM)观察印迹膜的表面形貌,方波伏安法(SWV)和循环伏安法(CV)对分子印迹传感器的性能进行表征。通过优化实验条件,显示SA浓度在1.0×10^-8～1.0×10^-2 mol/L范围内,分子印迹传感器峰电流与SA浓度负对数具有良好的线性关系,检出限为8.6×10^-9 mol/L。该传感器对SA具有良好的选择性,样品回收率为101%～106%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.8%。SA分子印迹传感器的制备简单、抗干扰性好、灵敏度高、成本低廉,具有较好实用价值。     

磁性分子印迹电化学传感法检测痕量奥卡西平

该文以4-乙烯基吡啶和甲基丙烯酸酯为原料制备了一种可用于检测奥卡西平（OXC）的磁性分子印迹 电化学传感器（MNPs－MIP/MCPE）。首先,依据密度泛函数理论（DFT/B3LYP/6－31 + G）计算,实验成功地 筛选和构建出 OXC与功能单体的最佳组合及比例。随后,基于沉淀聚合法合成了能够识别 OXC的磁性分子 印迹膜（MNPs－MIP）,将MNPs－MIP覆于碳糊电极（MCPE）表面制成MNPs－MIP/MCPE。采用差分脉冲伏安 法（DPV）将 MNPs－MIP/MCPE 传感器用于不同浓度 OXC 的测定。结果显示,传感器的峰电流信号随 OXC 浓 度的增大而增大,且OXC分别在5 × 10－8 ～3 × 10－6 mol/L和3 × 10－6 ～1. 5 × 10－4 mol/L浓度范围内与其峰电流 信号呈线性关系,其线性方程分别为：Ip （μA）= 1. 755 + 1. 097c（μmol/L）,相关系数（r）= 0. 999 7 和 Ip （μA）= 0. 131 + 5. 177c（μmol/L）,r = 0. 999 6。OXC的检出限（LOD = 3S/m）为2. 06 × 10－8 mol/L。该传感器成 功用于实际样品中OXC含量的检测,其回收率为99. 4%~101%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1. 5%～2. 5%。     

分子印迹聚合物传感器研究

分子印迹聚合物(molecular imprinting polymers,MIPs)是利用分子印迹技术合成的一种交联高聚物.分子印迹技术(molecular imprinting technique,MIT)是在近十几年来才发展起来的一门边缘科学技术.它结合了高分子化学、生物化学等学科,是模拟抗体-抗原相互作用的一种新技术,具有选择性识别位点的性质,作为传感器的理想敏感材料的制备方法日益受到研究者们的重视.本文综述了分子印迹技术的原理和分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,及其应用于传感器敏感材料的研究现状,并展望了其发展前景.     

分子印迹电化学传感器敏感膜体系的构建及其研究进展

分子印迹技术具有构效预定性、特异识别性和广泛应用性的特点,在色谱分离、固相萃取、仿生传感器、模拟酶催化和膜分离等方面得到了广泛应用。近年来,分子印迹电化学传感器(MIECS)的研究日益受到人们的重视。在MIECS设计过程中,分子印迹敏感膜体系的构建非常关键,它直接影响着传感器的性能。该文简要介绍了MIECS的分类及其检测原理,对传统体系、自组装体系、分子印迹聚合物粒子镶嵌体系、电聚合体系和溶胶-凝胶体系等5种MIECS敏感膜体系的构建方法、特点及其研究进展进行综述,并展望了MIECS的发展方向。     

分子印迹电化学传感器检测水产品中孔雀石绿

以孔雀石绿(MG)为模板,以邻氨基酚为功能单体通过循环伏安法(CV)在玻碳电极表面上聚合制备了MG分子印迹电化学传感器,用CV法和差分脉冲法(DPV)研究了传感器的响应性能,并用于水产品中MG检测。结果表明,DPV峰电流减少量与MG浓度在0.02～0.5μg·mL^-1范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为ΔI(μA)=26.77C_MG+2.663;在0.5～2.5μg·mL^-1范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为ΔI(μA)=2.662C_MG+14.25,检出限为1.2×10^-2μg·mL^-1。MG分子印迹电化学传感器操作简单快捷,具有较好的特异性、重复性和稳定性,可满足水产品中MG的快速检测需要。     

葡萄糖分子印迹电化学传感器的研制及其应用

本文结合分子印迹技术与电化学检测手段,制备了高选择性、高灵敏度和价格低廉的分子印迹电化学传感器,并利用该传感器对食品中的葡萄糖进行定量分析。由于该分子印迹膜为非导电膜,本实验以铁氰化钾-亚铁氰化钾离子作为底液与电极之间的探针并通过铁氰化钾-亚铁氰化钾氧化还原电流信号的变化来对葡萄糖浓度进行间接测定。实验结果表明,在0.01~2μmol/L的范围内,葡萄糖浓度的变化与铁氰化钾-亚铁氰化钾氧化还原电流信号变化呈线性关系,检出限为7.68×10-9 mol/L。该传感器的制备和测量方法简单,可用于实际样品的检测。     

聚苯胺分子印迹膜电化学传感器检测氯霉素

以苯胺为功能单体和交联剂,氯霉素(chloramphenicol,CAP)为模板分子,采用电化学聚合法(循环伏安法)在金电极上合成了对CAP具有快速响应能力的聚苯胺分子印迹膜;结合差示脉冲伏安法建立了针对氯霉素的检测方法,并将所制备的聚苯胺分子印迹膜用作电化学传感器以测定氯霉素眼药水中的氯霉素.结果表明,所制备的聚苯胺分子印迹膜具有制备简单、响应快速、灵敏度高、再生性能良好等特点;其对氯霉素眼药水中的氯霉素的检测结果令人满意,有望用于实际样品中氯霉素的检测.     

纳米材料在电化学分子印迹传感器中的应用进展

本文对近年来纳米材料在电化学分子印迹传感器中的应用做了概述.重点介绍了石墨烯,金纳米材料,银纳米材料,钯纳米材料,碳纳米管以及纳米粒子混合分子材料在电化学分子印迹传感器中的应用.并对纳米材料在电化学分子印迹传感器中的应用前景进行了探讨.     

核壳结构的萘夫西林磁性分子印迹聚合物微球的制备及性能

以表面修饰双键的Fe₃O₄@SiO₂纳米颗粒为基体,以萘夫西林(nafcillin)为模板,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用三步升温聚合法合成了核壳结构的萘夫西林磁性分子印迹聚合物。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对制备的印迹聚合物微球进行了表征,得到的磁性印迹聚合物微球的粒径在320 nm左右,大小均匀,分散性较好,可以在外加磁场下与溶剂实现快速分离。对磁性印迹和非印迹聚合物进行了吸附性能研究,结果表明该印迹聚合物微球对模板分子具有很高的吸附容量(50.7 mg/g),特异性识别性能良好(印迹因子为2.46),有望应用于实际样品中萘夫西林残留量的富集分析。     

Preparation of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the rapid and selective separation and enrichment of perfluorooctane sulfonate

As a persistent organic pollutant, perfluorooctane sulfonate has drawn a great worldwide attention. In this contribution, a novel material of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers, based on perfluorooctane sulfonate, as a template, molecule was prepared. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The adsorption isotherm was measured, and adsorption kinetic tests were conducted. The adsorbents possess high recognition ability (2.460 mg/g) and short adsorption equilibration time (60 min). Besides, they show good specificity and good reusability with the adsorption capacities of adsorbent toward perfluorooctane sulfonate decreasing less than 3% after five adsorption–desorption cycles. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were used successfully in the separation and enrichment of perfluorooctane sulfonate in real water sample and exhibited good prospects in environmental treatment and monitoring.     

Construction of a novel electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective determination of chlorpyrifos in real samples

We present a novel electrochemical sensor based on an electrode modified with molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of chlorpyrifos. The modified electrode was constructed by the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers by a precipitation method then coated on a glassy carbon electrode. The surface morphology of the modified electrode was characterized by using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The performance of the imprinted sensor was thoroughly investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The imprinted electrochemical sensor displayed high repeatability, stability, and selectivity towards the template molecules. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the peak current response of the imprinted electrochemical sensor was linearly related to the concentration of chlorpyrifos over the range 1 × 10⁻¹⁰–1 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L with a limit of detection of 4.08 × 10⁻⁹ mol/L (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3). Furthermore, the proposed molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was applied to the determination of chlorpyrifos in the complicated matrixes of real samples with satisfactory results. Therefore, the molecularly imprinted polymers based electrochemical sensor might provide a highly selective, rapid, and cost‐effective method for chlorpyrifos determination and related analysis.     

L-酪氨酸印迹分子的制备及性能研究

利用分子印迹技术采用传统加热法制备出酪氨酸他子印迹聚合物。用红外光谱分析了聚合物结构。研究了印迹他子与功能单体的物质的量对聚合物结合性的影响,吸收效率表征结果显示,与化学组成相同的空白聚合物相比,印迹聚合物具有更高的吸附效率。     

Selective extraction of morphine from biological fluids by magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers and determination using UHPLC with diode array detection

The determination of morphine concentration in the blood and urine is necessary for patients and recruitment purposes. Herein, a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for selective and efficient extraction of morphine from biological samples was synthesized by using a core–shell method. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were coated with SiO₂‐NH₂. The molecularly imprinted polymer was coated on the Fe₃O₄/SiO₂‐NH₂ surface by the copolymerization of methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of morphine as the template molecule. The morphological and magnetic properties of the polymer were investigated. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy indicated that the prepared magnetic polymer is almost uniform. The saturation magnetization values of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, Fe₃O₄/SiO₂‐NH₂, and the magnetic polymer were 48.41, 31.69, and 13.02 emu/g, respectively, indicating that all the particles are superparamagnetic. Kinetics of the adsorption of morphine on magnetic polymer were well described by second‐order kinetic and adsorption processes and well fitted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, in which the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 28.40 mg/g. The recoveries from plasma and urine samples were in the range of 84.9–105.5 and 94.9–102.8%, respectively. By using the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer, morphine can selectively, reliably, and in low concentration be determined in biological samples with high‐performance liquid chromatography and UV detection.     

An electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polydopamine coated on reduced graphene oxide for selective detection of ornidazole

The electrochemical sensing of ornidazole (OR) was achieved with a highly selective sensor fabricated by a combination of an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) and molecularly imprinted polydopamine (PDA). The sensor (OR-imp@PDA/ERGO/GCE) was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization of dopamine (DA) on ERGO modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The analytical response of the sensor changed linearly with OR concentration varying from 1.5 × 10⁻⁹ M to 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ M and 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ M to 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ M, and the detection limit was defined as 1.1 × 10⁻⁹ M. The proposed sensor ensured the highly sensitive detection of OR concentration because of the advantages of ERGO and molecularly imprinted PDA.     

Development and application of the tartrazine voltammetric sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers

A modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared as an electrochemical voltammetric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer film for tartrazine (TT) detection. The sensitive film was prepared by copolymerization of tartrazine and acrylamide on the carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode. The performance of the imprinted sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in detail. Under the optimum conditions, two dynamic linear ranges of 8?×?10^?8 to 1?×?10^?6?mol?L^?1 and 1?×?10^?6 to 1?×?10^?5?mol?L^?1 were obtained, with a detection limit of 2.74?×?10^?8?mol?L^?1(S/N?=?3). This sensor was used successfully for tartrazine determination in beverages.     

分子印迹微萃取技术的研究进展

微萃取技术是一种将分析物高效萃取富集于微体积的聚合物或有机溶剂中,集采样、萃取、浓缩、进样于一体的无(少)溶剂、易于与其他技术在线联用的样品前处理方法。分子印迹聚合物是一种具有强大分子识别功能的材料,具有高效的选择特异性,可从复杂样品中选择性分离富集目标分析物,在微萃取技术中得到了广泛的应用。本文综述了近年来分子印迹微萃取技术的研究进展,包括分子印迹固相微萃取、分子印迹搅拌棒吸附萃取、分子印迹磁性微球萃取等微萃取技术。共引用文献75篇。