简单方法制备羟基磷灰石中空微球

无需添加任何有机物和金属离子, 以易得的中空球形碳酸钙(CaCO3)与磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4)作为反应物在常压下制备出羟基磷灰石中空微球. 通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等手段对制备的羟基磷灰石中空微球的结构、组成和形貌进行了表征, 考察了不同反应温度对中空球形貌的影响. 实验结果表明, 所制备的羟基磷灰石微球是由短针状的纳米粒子组成的, 直径为2-4 μm. 对反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

常温制备形貌可控中空羟基磷灰石的研究

利用锂钙硼玻璃(LCB)微球在磷酸盐溶液中的原位转化反应,在常温下制备中空的羟基磷灰石(HA)微球,研究了玻璃微球的组分、磷酸盐浸泡液的浓度及热处理等工艺参数对微球的形貌影响。研究结果表明,常温下反应得到的产物微球为晶型较好具有中空结构的羟基磷灰石,随着玻璃微球组分中CaO含量的升高,中空微球的球壁逐渐变厚,当CaO含量达到30%时,微球变为实心结构。磷酸盐溶液浓度较低时,中空微球的球壁容易形成层状结构。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/胶原复合材料制备方法比较研究

低温下,通过将水热合成的纳米羟基磷灰石浆料与中性胶原溶胶共混和在中性胶原中原位形成羟基磷灰石两种方法制备羟基磷灰石／胶原复合材料,采用XRD、FTIR、扫描电镜、透射电镜和力学性能测试等方法对两种复合材料的特性进行了表征。通过对两种方法制备的复合材料的特性进行比较,发现两种方法均制备得到了纳米羟基磷灰石／胶原复合材料,复合材料在晶相组成、化学组成、纳米羟基磷灰石晶体尺寸、胶原纤维的结构等方面都与天然骨相似。但原位合成纳米羟基磷灰石晶体的结晶度比水热合成的纳米羟基磷灰石更接近于自然骨,原位合成的羟基磷灰石／胶原复合材料的均匀性、界面结合紧密度、力学性能等方面均优于共混法。原位合成法是改善纳米羟基磷灰石／胶原复合材料均匀性和力学性能的有效方法。     

纳米羟基磷灰石的合成方法研究进展

羟基磷灰石(Hydroxyapatite,HAP)是一种重要的生物、医药、重金属污染土壤/水体修复材料,本文总结了HAP的结构、组成、发展历程及应用,并从干法、湿法两个大方面系统总结了羟基磷灰石的合成方法及各种方法的优劣,对HAP合成方法的改进方向及应用前景进行了展望.     

羟基磷灰石相关复合材料的研究进展

羟基磷灰石(HAp)作为骨骼中的无机矿物成分,是天然的生物陶瓷材料.由于特殊的结构组成,其具有良好的生物相容性和生物活性.然而,纯的HAp纳米颗粒容易团聚且机械强度低,因此往往需要进一步改性和功能化用于合成HAp相关的复合材料.本综述对元素或官能团掺杂、聚合物/HAp交联、HAp固定在载体材料表面等方式制备的HAp复合...     

利用溶剂热压方法制备羟基磷灰石多孔纳米固体

利用溶剂热压方法,以羟基磷灰石（HAP）纳米颗粒为原料制备了一种介于纳米粉体和纳米陶瓷体之间的过渡态——体块HAP多孔纳米固体,并用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、压汞仪和热分析（DSC和TGA）等方法对样品进行了表征,初步研究了溶剂的种类、分布均匀性等因素对HAP多孔纳米固体的孔容和孔径分布的影响,并对HAP多孔纳米固体的热稳定性进行了分析.     

羟基磷灰石表面改性的研究进展

羟基磷灰石（HAP）由于其良好的生物相容性及骨诱导作用而被广泛应用于生物复合材料中。但是,其本身容易聚集,与聚合物之间相容性差,会导致复合材料的力学性能和生物学性能下降。在HAP表面改性既可以有效防止颗粒间的聚集,增强其与基体间的相互作用,同时,还可以通过接上具有特殊功能的聚合物,赋予HAP新的用途。本文综述了羟基磷灰...     

纳米羟基磷灰石的制备及其在生物医学方面的应用

简要介绍了羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的晶体结构和性质,综合论述了纳米羟基磷灰石的制备方法,同时,介绍了纳米羟基磷灰石在生物医学方面的主要应用。文中,还报道了笔者实验室最近取得的一些结果。     

化学沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石纳米粒子

采用化学沉淀法以 Ca(NO3 ) 2 · 5 H2 O和 (NH4) 2 HPO4为主要原料 ,制备了短棒状或针状的羟基磷灰石纳米粒子 (HA) ,考察了各反应参数对纳米粒子性能的影响 ,并由透射电镜、X射线晶体衍射、电子衍射、红外、比表面积等手段对其进行表征。实验结果表明 ,所制备的 HA粒子粒径长约 30～5 0 nm,直径约 10～ 15 nm;通过严格控制各反应参数可以基本上实现纳米羟基磷灰石粒子粒径、形态等部分性质的可控制备     

纳米羟基磷灰石的制备及在生物医学上的应用研究进展

综述了近年来有关纳米羟基磷灰石制备方法及其在生物医学领域的应用研究进展;着重介绍了溶胶-凝胶法、化学沉淀法、水热法、前躯体水解法、模板法、超声波法、机械化学法等制备方法,并简要总结了纳米羟基磷灰石在肿瘤治疗、药物载体以及齿科材料和人工骨等生物医学领域的应用进展.     

Photochemical preparation of CdS hollow microspheres at room temperature and their use in visible-light photocatalysis

CdS hollow microspheres have been successfully prepared by a photochemical preparation technology at room temperature, using polystyrene latex particles as templates, CdSO₄ as cadmium source and Na₂S₂O₃ as both sulphur source and photo-initiator. The process involved the deposition of CdS nanoparticles on the surface of polystyrene latex particles under the irradiation of an 8 W UV lamp and the subsequent removal of the latex particles by dispersing in dichloromethane. Photochemical reactions at the sphere/solution interface should be responsible for the formation of hollow spheres. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Such hollow spheres could be used in photocatalysis and showed high photocatalytic activities in photodegradation of methyl blue (MB) in the presence of H₂O₂. The method is green, simple, universal and can be extended to prepare other sulphide and oxide hollow spheres.     

Preparation of hollow PPy (HPPy) microspheres via template methods with characterization of properties

Template-synthesis method was one of the important methods for the preparation of hollow microspheres. In present work, polystyrene (PS) microspheres were initially synthesized and effects of reaction conditions on the particle size and distribution of PS microspheres were studied. Then sulfonated PS (SPS) microspheres and spherical core (PS) /shell (polypyrrole, PPy) were synthesized by sulfonated and template method respectively. The method was that pyrrole (Py) on the surface of SPS microspheres were polymerized. Then PS (core)-PPy (shell) microspheres by dissolving PS inner core in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and hollow polypyrrole (HPPy) microspheres were obtained (Figure 1). Thereafter, HPPy microspheres were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope, thermal gravimetric analysis and KDY-4 four-probe resistance meter. The results showed that the size range of PS microspheres were 200～300 nm. HPPy microspheres have been successfully synthesized with good electrical conductivity and excellent thermal stability.     

Facile preparation of monodisperse hollow cross‐linked chitosan microspheres

We have successfully prepared biocompatible and biodegradable hollow microspheres using carboxyl‐functionalized polystyrene particles as core template and the chitosan cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde as the shell. The monodisperse carboxyl‐functionalized polystyrene particles were made by emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization. The structure, morphology, and constitution of the carboxyl‐functionalized polystyrene particles were characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The structure, morphology, and formation process of the hollow cross‐linked chitosan microspheres were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The results revealed that the latex particles were removed by exposed to solvent and the microspheres exhibited the hollow structure. This work confirmed that the hollow microspheres were accomplished by fabricating on the basis of chemical cross‐linking on the surface of the carboxyl‐functionalized polystyrene particles and then removing off the cores of particles. Moreover, with the increase of carboxyl‐functionalization degree at the surface of latexes and the increase of cross‐linking period, the thicker and firmer monodisperse hollow microspheres were obtained. In addition, a water‐soluble drug, salicylic acid, encapsulated in the microcapsules slowly released at pH 1.2. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 228–237, 2008     

植物激素样品前处理方法的研究进展

植物激素是植物中一类含量很低,却对植物生长发育等生命过程起重要调控作用的有机化合物。近年色谱/质谱联用技术不断发展,已成为植物激素分析的常用方法,而样品前处理则是色谱分析过程中的一个关键环节,所以高选择性和高回收率的前处理方法对于植物激素的分析至关重要。根据植物激素的化学性质,本文将其分为酸碱性植物激素、油菜素甾醇、植物多肽3类,并对相应的前处理方法加以综述,特别是近年来发展起来的新方法。内容包括前处理方法的原理、装置、萃取材料以及衍生试剂等,相关内容主要围绕本研究组的痕量植物激素研究工作展开,最后对研究趋势做了简短展望。     

Hydrothermal synthesis and morphology variation of cadmium hydroxyapatite

Cadmium hydroxyapatite (Cd-Hap) crystals were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 200 °C using the solutions of Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O and (NH₄)₂HPO₄. Influences of pH values and reaction time on the crystalline phases and morphology of the products were investigated. In low pH reaction media, Cd₅H₂(PO₄)₄·4H₂O was formed and a relatively high pH reaction media was necessary to obtain Cd-Hap. Morphology of the Cd-Hap crystals changed from stubby hexagonal prismatic to rod-like in shape with the increase in the pH value. This morphological change was explained by the difference in growth mechanism through intermediate phases, Cd₅H₂(PO₄)₄·4H₂O in the low pH reaction media and Cd₂P₂O₇·5H₂O in the high pH reaction media.     

A facile method for the preparation of monodisperse hollow silica spheres with controlled shell thickness

This article presents a facile, effective, mild synthesis process for well‐defined hollow spheres by using cationic polystyrene (PS) submicro‐particles as templates. In this approach, the cationic PS templates can be first prepared via emulsifier‐free polymerization by using the cationic monomer 2‐(methacryloyloxy) ethyltrimethylammonium chloride as comonomer, then, the silica shells from the sol‐gel process of tetraethoxysilane were coated on the surfaces of template particles via electrostatic interaction, finally the PS was dissolved in situ by modification of the reaction conditions in the same medium to form monodisperse hollow silica spheres with controlled shell thickness. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscope measurements were used to characterize these hollow silica spheres. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1332–1338, 2010     

Control of hollow size of micron-sized monodispersed polymer particles having a hollow structure

Micron-sized monodispersed cross-linked polymer particles having one hollow in the inside were produced by seeded polymerization for the dispersion of (toluene/divinylbenzene)-swollen PS particles prepared utilizing the dynamic swelling method which the authors proposed. In order to control the hollow size, the weight ratio of toluene/PS was changed in the range of 520. The hollow size increased with an increase in the weight ratio. Even if benzene and xylene were used in place of toluene, similar hollow particles were produced, though the hollow size was affected by their solubility in water.Part CLIII of the series Studies on Suspension and Emulsion     

Anionic/nonionic mixed surfactants templates preparation of hollow polymer spheres via emulsion polymerization

We herein report a facile, convenient, and economical method to prepare hollow polymer spheres (HSs). By virtue of the phase transformation of nonionic surfactant at its cloud point, hollow spheres of polystyrene were prepared from vesicle templates formed by potassium oleate (KO) and alkyl‐phenol polyoxyethylene (n ) ether (n = 10, OP) at 70–80 °C. The morphologies of the HSs were characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The diameter of the HSs varies from 200 to 800 nm, and the shell thickness is uniformly c.a. 30–50 nm. The weight ratio of monomer/surfactant was as high as 7/1. The microstructure of the HSs was very stable and remained unchanged after drying or resuspension in water. The mechanism of the formation of HSs was explained on the theory of vesicles. Furthermore, the factors affecting the formation of the hollow structure were discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2533–2541, 2006     

Green preparation of hollow mesoporous silica nanosphere inside-loaded gold nanoparticles and the catalytic activity

In this work, an active nano-catalyst with gold nanoparticles loaded in hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres (HMSNs/Au) was prepared by a one-pot sol-gel method, in which gold ions were loaded in hollow mesoporous silica spheres followed by sodium alginate reduction. The characterization of the HMSNs/Au were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET). The high catalytic activity of HMSNs/Au, denoted as apparent turn-over frequency (TOF), was detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (74.5 h^?1) and 2-nitrophenol (108.7 h^?1) in the presence of sodium borohydride solution due to the small gold nanoparticles size and overall exposure of active sites. It is expected that this ecofriendly approach to prepare inorganic composited nanoparticles as high active catalysts based on hollow mesoporous materials was a promising platform for loading noble metal nanoparticles.