吸附树脂法在泽泻提取物的脱色及高纯度泽泻醇制备中的应用研究

将具有脱色和吸附双重功能的新型吸附树脂用于泽泻提取物的脱色和高纯度泽泻醇提取物的制备工艺中,考察了树脂结构对脱色性能和吸附性能的影响熹见律.结果表明,兼具适宜的比表面积和功能基含量的No.2树脂具有最佳的纯化效果,只通过"吸附-解吸"一步工艺,产品纯度即可从1.93%提高到50%以上,泽泻醇的回收率高于95%.初步探讨了树脂的吸附机理,认为树脂对泽泻醇的吸附是单纯的疏水性作用力,而对色素的吸附应为疏水-离子交换双重作用的协同效应.     

虎耳草活性成分的提取及功效评价

对虎耳草全草中总黄酮物质进行有效提取,并将蒸发浓缩后的虎耳草提取液分别进行了体外抗氧化、抗炎、抑菌性能以及美白功效等研究.结果表明,虎耳草提取液在较高浓度时的抗氧化功效与维生素C相当;具有良好的抑制炎症性能,其乙酸乙酯萃取物消炎性能更优;虎耳草提取物能够抑制常见的普通细菌的生长,其正丁醇萃取物抑菌性能最佳;在美白功效测...     

景天三七总多酚提取工艺的优化及活性研究

采用超声提取景天三七中的多酚,并利用Box-Behnken响应面法对影响景天三七总多酚提取率的因素(液料比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声温度)进行了优化,并以DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力为评价指标,研究景天三七总多酚体外抗氧化活性.结果显示,最佳的提取条件为乙醇浓度63％,液料比36:1(mL·g-1),超声温度...     

天然植物抗氧化活性成分的提取及检测方法

天然抗氧化剂能有效地清除自由基从而保护机体健康,从自然界中寻求高效、廉价、低毒的天然抗氧化剂成为目前抗氧化剂发展的一个必然趋势。总结了几种天然植物抗氧化活性成分的提取和测定方法的研究进展,为天然植物抗氧化活性成分的开发利用提供参考。     

苦瓜成分的提取工艺探索

考察了溶剂用量(1-10mL)、浸泡时间(1～24h)、超声时间(0～20min)对0．2g苦瓜的籽、果实、叶子中成分提取的影响,利用均匀设计(3因素5水平)与固定单因素的方法相结合(9个实验)获取14个不同实验条件,通过多元线性回归得到相关系数大于0．95的4因素表达式。结果表明,超声波对同一个样品中不同的组分有效果相反的作用,即对有些组分降解破坏的同时却会提高另外一些组分的提取率。实验验证了MATLAB预测的最佳实验条件和实验结果,预测准确率大于97％。对于所研究的苦瓜籽、果实、叶子样品0．2g,最佳提取溶剂体积10mL,浸泡时间24h,超声时间0min(果实)或20min(籽、叶子)。     

秦岭龙胆中马钱苷酸提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

对秦岭龙胆中马钱苷酸提取工艺进行优化,并对其抗氧化活性进行测定。利用单因素试验选取最佳因素水平,采用响应面法考察料液比、提取时间、超声频率对秦岭龙胆中马钱苷酸提取率影响。利用清除DPPH及ABTS自由基测定马钱苷酸的抗氧化活性。在分析各个因素的显著性和交互作用后,得到秦岭龙胆中马钱苷酸最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶22、提取时间27 min、超声频率50 kHz,此工艺下的提取率达到0.352%,与预测值0.360%接近。马钱苷酸对DPPH及ABTS自由基均有一定的抗氧化能力,其抗氧化活性高于对照品BHT,且与浓度之间存在量效关系。本研究建立的模型可对秦岭龙胆中马前苷酸提取率进行分析和预测,可为秦岭龙胆的进一步开发和利用提供理论依据。     

猫须草多酚的提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

研究猫须草多酚的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性。通过单因素试验探讨提取剂、乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数等因素对猫须草多酚提取率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,结果表明,猫须草多酚的最佳提取工艺条件如下:10%乙醇,料液比1∶30,提取温度90℃,提取时间40min,在该条件下猫须草多酚的提取率为11.99mg·g-1。通过测定猫须草多酚清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、亚硝酸根离子的能力及其还原力,对猫须草多酚的抗氧化活性进行评价,结果表明,在一定质量浓度范围内,猫须草多酚清除DPPH自由基的能力及还原力优于Vc,清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力与Vc接近,但清除亚硝酸根离子的能力低于Vc。     

基于多指标评价法的蒲公英提取工艺优化

以超声提取法提取蒲公英有效成分,选择总黄酮、咖啡酸、绿原酸和菊苣酸为评价指标,结合AHP-CRITIC法计算各指标权重;在单因素试验的基础上,利用Box-Behnken法优化蒲公英超声提取工艺。实验结果表明超声提取法提取蒲公英的最优提取工艺参数为：液料比5∶1,甲醇浓度60%,提取时间26 min,在此工艺条件下预测综合评分为73.26,验证实验所得综合评分为74.13±2.63,RSD为3.55%。本研究优化的蒲公英超声提取工艺适合于蒲公英中总黄酮、咖啡酸、绿原酸和菊苣酸的提取,其工艺稳定、可靠,可为蒲公英资源的开发和利用提供参考。     

Geographic impact evaluation of the quality of Alismatis Rhizoma by untargeted metabolomics and quantitative assay

The geographic impact on the quality of Alismatis Rhizoma (derived from the tuber of Alisma orientale), a reputable diuretic traditional Chinese medicine, has seldom been evaluated. Here a metabolomics‐driven approach targeting the bioactive protostane triterpenes was developed, by incorporating UHPLC with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry‐based untargeted metabolite profiling and multiple reaction monitoring quantitative assay, to probe the triterpene differences between Alismatis Rhizoma samples collected from Sichuan, Fujian, and Jiangxi Provinces. Following the metabolomics workflows, the samples from Sichuan and Jiangxi displayed distinct differences in their triterpene profiles, whereas those from Fujian showed remarkable intra‐class variation. Twenty‐three triterpenes were identified to contribute most to the differentiated clustering. A sensitive, precise, repeatable, and accurate quantitative assay method was established on a hybrid triple quadrupole‐linear ion trap mass spectrometer to quantify the contents of eight triterpene compounds. Taking into account the metabolomics and quantitation results, alisol B 23‐acetate and alisol A are significantly different in Alismatis Rhizoma from Sichuan and Jiangxi Provinces, and they may have the potential for geographic discrimination. These results illustrate how geographic difference impacts the triterpene chemistry of Alismatis Rhizoma. Metabolomics‐driven chemical comparison is suitable for the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.     

Discrimination of Alismatis Rhizoma based on chromatographic fingerprint,multiple components quantification,and pattern recognition analysis

A simple, sensible, and reliable HPLC–DAD method was first developed for fingerprint analysis of Alismatis Rhizoma, and then applied to analyze 85 samples from three main cultivated areas. In all, 40 common fingerprint peaks were designated, and six of which were definitely identified. Then, the combinatory analysis using similarity evaluation, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis revealed clear chemical consistency between samples from Fujian and Jiangxi provinces and substantial differences between those from Fujian/Jiangxi and Sichuan provinces. Furthermore, six components were dug out as potential chemical markers for distinguishing Alismatis Rhizoma from different areas, among which five were qualified for quantitative analysis. In conclusion, the combination of chemical fingerprint, multiple components quantification, and pattern recognition analysis was rather powerful and useful in discriminating Alismatis Rhizoma from different regions, which was a benefit for quality control.     

Authentication of herbal medicines from multiple botanical origins with cross-validation mebabolomics,absolute quantification and support vector machine model,a case study of Rhizoma Alismatis

Accurate identification of the botanical origins of Rhizoma Alismatis (RA) is pivotal to its precise clinical usage. We herein present a strategy, by integrating untargeted metabolomics, data cross validation, absolute quantification, and vector machine model, for species discrimination and source recognition of Rhizoma Alismatis for the first time. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry with precursor ions list-including data-dependent acquisition approach was developed for metabolite profiling. Holistic, continuous, and pattern recognition chemometrics could make it feasible to unveil forty-one markers, with “multi-duplicated and traceability samples comparison” cross validation to narrow down to twelve robust markers, some of which were further validated by absolute quantification. A support vector machine model was eventually developed to distinguish these two species and predict origins of commercially available varieties. This was the first report on systematic comparison and discrimination of two original species of RA. This integral strategy, in contrast to conventional approaches, renders more convincing data supporting for the discovery of multi-source chemical makers of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM).     

Urinary biomarker and treatment mechanism of Rhizoma Alismatis on hyperlipidemia

Rhizoma Alismatis (RA), a diuretic in Asia and Europe, was found to possess anti‐hyperlipidemic activity. Since the biomarkers and mechanisms of RA in the treatment of hyperlipidemia are inadequate, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight synapt high‐definition mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis were employed to investigate the urinary metabolomics of RA on hyperlipidemic rats induced by high‐fat diet. The metabolic profile of RA‐treated hyperlipidemic group located between control and diet‐induced hyperlipidemic groups. Nineteen metabolites with significant fluctuations were identified as potential biomarkers related to the hyperlipidemia and anti‐hyperlipidemia of RA using partial least‐squares‐discriminate analysis, heatmap analysis and correlation coefficient analysis. The fluctuations of these biomarkers represented disturbances in amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and energy metabolism. After RA treatment, these perturbed metabolites were restored to normal or nearly normal levels. RA can alleviate high‐fat diet‐induced dysfunctions in these metabolic pathways.     

Two new polyhydroxylated triterpenoids from Salvia urmiensis and their cytotoxic activity

Two new polyhydroxylated triterpenoids were isolated from the acetone extract of the aerial parts of Salvia urmiensis Bunge. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS analyses as olean-12-ene-1β,3β,11α,22α-tetraol (1) and urs-12-ene-1β,3β,11β,22α-tetraol (2). The effect of these compounds on cell viability of MCF-7 cells was investigated by the MTT assay. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ values of 110.23 ± 0.12 and 88.35 ± 0.09 μM, respectively.     

Three novel tetracyclic triterpenoids of biogenetic interest from the leaves of Azadirachta indica

From the methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica leaves, we have isolated three new tetracyclic triterpenoids of biogenetic interest, namely, melianol 1, desfurano-desacetylnimbin-17-one 2 and meliatetraone 3. The structure elucidation is based on extensive spectral studies including ¹H–¹H-COSY, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments.     

Effect of fruit extract on renal stone formation and kidney injury in rats

This study investigated the effect of oral administration of Cactus fruit extracts on calcium oxalate deposition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rat model. About 42 rats were used for the study. The animals were divided into seven groups. Control group maintained on regular rat food and drinking water throughout the study period, whereas in other groups nephrolithiasis was induced by ethylene glycol. Rats in kidney stone group were sacrificed after 28 days and all remaining groups after 58 days. Treatment groups were treated with 1 and 100 mg/kg of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cactus fruit for 30 days. After treatment, SOD activity was increased and MDA was decreased significantly. CaOx depositions were decreased significantly, especially in ethanolic extract of Cactus fruit in high dose (100 mg/kg).     

Belamcandanes A and B,two unprecedented tricyclic-iridal triterpenoids from Belamcanda chinensis

Two unprecedented tricyclic-iridal triterpenoids, belamcandanes A–B (1–2), have been isolated from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis. The structures of 1 and 2 were assigned by interpretation of spectroscopic data including NMR and MS, and their absolute configurations were assigned by ECD calculation. Compounds 1–2 possess a spiro[4,5]decane core structure and a α-terpineol moiety, representing the first example of tricyclic-iridal triterpenoids. The plausible biogenetic pathway for 1 and 2 is also proposed.     

Two new triterpenoids from the seeds of blackberry (Rubus fructicosus)

Two new ursane-type triterpenoids (1, 2) attached to isopropylidenedioxy group were isolated from the seeds of blackberry (Rubus fructicosus L., Rosaceae) along with two known ursane-type triterpenoids, 2,3-O-isopropylidenyl-2α,3α,19α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (3) and 1β-hydroxyeuscaphic acid (4). The chemical structures of 1 and 2 were determined to be 2,3-O-isopropylidene-1β,2β,3β,19α-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid and 1,2-O-isopropylidene-1β,2α,3α,19α-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, respectively, based on spectroscopic data. Additionally, their cytotoxic activity towards HL-60 human leukaemia cells was evaluated. Among them, 3 demonstrated a clear cytotoxic activity with 72.8 μM of IC₅₀ value.     

New dammarane and ursane-type triterpenoids from the flower of Ixora coccinea Linn.

Two new esters of dammarane triterpenoids ixorene isovalerate (1), ixorene 3′,8′-dimethyloctanoate (2) and a new ursane-type triterpenoids Ixoroid acid (3) were isolated from the methanolic extract of flowers of Ixora coccinea Linn., along with the three known constituents. The structures of compounds 1 and 3 were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D,2D NMR studies and mass spectrometry as 17β-dammara-12,20-diene-3β-isovelarate and 3β-hydroxy-18β-urs-12ene-29β-oic acid, respectively, whereas 2 was identified as 17β-dammara-12,20-diene-3β-3′,8′-dimethyloctanoate through ¹H NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity, which exhibited weak activity against the 3T3, PC3 and HeLa cell lines with the IC₅₀ value >30 μM. Antioxidant results of 1 – 5 revealed that only compound 5 showed antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging inhibition with the IC₅₀ 1.31 × 10^? 6 ± 0.005 μm mL^? 1. Both activities are the first records of these isolated compounds from the flowers of Ixora coccinea Linn.