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1.
Ru(bpy)2(NCS)2染料敏化CdS/Zn2+TiO2复合半导体纳米多孔膜的光电化学 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用水热法合成了Zn2+离子掺杂的TiO2纳米粒子[Zn2+掺杂量0.5%(物质的量的比)],并用光电化学方法研究了经Ru(bpy)2(NCS)2(bpy=2,2′bipyridine4,4′dicarboxylicacid)分别敏化的掺杂Zn2+的TiO2电极(简写为Zn2+-TiO2)和CdS/Zn2+-TiO2复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极的光电化学行为.实验证明Ru(bpy)2(NCS)2敏化CdS/Zn2+-TiO2复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极比单独敏化Zn2+-TiO2电极的光电转换效率高,且敏化Zn2+TiO2电极和敏化CdS/Zn2+TiO2复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极比Zn2+-TiO2电极的光电流产生的起始波长都向长波方向移动.在360600nm范围内,Ru(bpy)2(NCS)2敏化CdS/Zn2+-TiO2复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极光电转换效率最好. 相似文献
2.
以电纺TiO2纳米纤维为基质, 柠檬酸为软模板, 采用一步水热法制备了具有三维立体网状结构的稀土Dy 3+掺杂YVO4/TiO2复合纤维. 通过X射线衍射、 扫描电子显微镜、 X射线光电子能谱、 N2吸附-脱附、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱及荧光光谱等手段对材料的组成、 表面形貌和性能进行表征, 以光分解水产氢实验考察其光催化活性. 结果表明, Dy 3+∶YVO4纳米枝与TiO2纳米纤维相互交联构筑的纳米纤维网具有大比表面积, 可提供更多活性位点, 改善了多相光催化反应的传递过程; 稀土Dy 3+掺杂的YVO4与TiO2复合形成异质结相互促进, 在拓宽光谱响应范围、 提高太阳光利用率的同时使光生电子-空穴对得到较好分离, 从而提高了样品的光催化活性. 模拟太阳光照射下, Dy 3+∶YVO4/TiO2复合纤维光催化产氢速率达到8.63 mmol· h -1·g -1, 是纯TiO2纳米纤维的10倍. 相似文献
3.
以钛酸四丁酯为基底,采用溶胶―凝胶法制备了纳米级半导体TiO2光催化材料,使用还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)、稀土元素Sm和Pr共掺杂制备了改性半导体TiO2光催化材料。分别对所制备的光催化材料进行XRD、SEM、PL等表征,结果表明,TiO2、RGO/TiO2、RGO/Sm3+/TiO2、RGO/Pr3+/TiO2为锐钛矿相,RGO/Sm3+/TiO2获得了较窄禁带宽度、较小晶粒尺寸以及光致发光强度低的改性光催化材料。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标污染物,在降解MB模拟污染物的实验中,85 min时RGO/Sm3+/TiO2的降解率达到99.2%。这说明RGO和稀土元素的掺入能够明显的影响催化材料的性能。 相似文献
4.
半导体光催化因有望可持续地解决日益严峻的环境与能源问题而得到国内外学者的广泛关注.但是,以TiO2为代表的半导体光催化材料,存在光响应范围窄和光生载流子容易复合的问题,导致其光催化效率不高.为了提高半导体光催化效率,科学家们采取了许多策略对本征半导体光催化剂进行修饰改性,如表面敏化、贵金属沉积、元素掺杂和半导体复合等,以拓展光吸收范围和促进光生载流子分离.近来,高能面TiO2纳米晶的报道为高性能半导体光催化材料的设计提供了新的思路.在所有对TiO2进行修饰改性的元素里面,氟因其独特的性能而对TiO2光催化产生了深远影响:(1)(在酸性溶液里面)氟离子与TiO2强烈的配位作用(化学吸附)会改变TiO2光催化材料表面的化学结构,生成氟化钛(≡Ti-F),进而影响污染物在催化剂表面的吸附(反应式(1));≡Ti-OH+H++F-→≡Ti-F+H2O(1)(2)吸附在TiO2表... 相似文献
5.
有关醇类水溶液光催化贮能脱氢反应研究大多集中在提高半导体TiO2和CdS表面修饰组分的光催化活性[1~3]及考察TiO2半导体晶体结构与光催化性能的关系上[4,5],CdS半导体晶体结构形态对光催化性能的影响尚未见报道.本文在这方面进行了一些有益的研究. 相似文献
6.
本研究采用[Fe(CN)6]3-阴离子交换2-甲基咪唑再于空气气氛下退火衍生的策略,制备了一种负载在氮掺杂中空纳米笼碳骨架上的Fe掺杂Co3O4电催化剂(Fe-Co3O4/NC),用于电催化OER。XRD和HRTEM表征证实了Fe掺人Co3O4的晶格中。XPS表征明确了Fe引入后Co价态升高,这是基于Co2+/Co3+和Fe3+的价电子构型诱导的电子由Co2+/Co3+向Fe3+的转移,这会促使Co位点在OER过程中衍生为CoOOH活性物种,作为真正的电催化活性中心,这也被OER稳定性测试后的HRTEM和XPS表征所证实。电化学性能测试显示,该电催化剂的OER过电位仅有275 mV且能够在100 mA/cm2的电流密度下稳定维持20 h,兼具优异的电催化活性和稳... 相似文献
7.
采用尿素沉淀法制备一系列Bi3+/La3+共掺Lu2O3和Bi3+/Lu3+共掺La2O3微米晶。在掺杂Bi3+离子的Lu2O3微米晶中,C2位点的Bi3+离子可以将吸收的能量转移给S6位点的Bi3+离子。同时,在Lu2O3:1%Bi3+,0~5%(摩尔分数,下同)La3+微米晶中,372和337 nm(C2和S6位点的Bi3+离子)紫外光的激发下,Bi3+离子的发射峰强度随着La3+离子掺杂浓度的增加而增加,掺杂5%La3+时与不掺杂La 相似文献
8.
四方LiYF4是一种与六方NaYF4相当的稀土上转换发光基质材料,由于相对优异的短波上转换发光特性,近年受到业界的相当关注,但对产生这一优异特性的原因还未见报道.经研究发现,四方LiYF4具有六边环状亚晶格结构,每5个间距小于0.4 nm的近邻三价阳离子形成一个团簇,稀土离子间的能量传递容易在团簇内或六边形环内环绕传递.基于它的这一亚晶格结构特征,本工作通过引入不同量敏化剂Yb3+和掺杂离子Sc3+和Hf4+,考察不同激活离子Er3+、Ho3+和Tm3+与敏化离子Yb3+构建亚晶格能量团簇以及异质离子Sc3+和Hf4+掺杂晶场调控对稀土离子上转换发光性能的影响机制.发现不同稀土离子与Yb3+存在不同的能级匹配,导致不同概率的无辐射交叉弛豫行为,当引入适量的Yb3+时,可分别构建1Er-2Yb、1Ho-2Yb和1Tm-4Yb亚晶格能量团簇,实现最佳的上转换发光性能;当6 mol% Sc3+和4 mol% Hf4+引入时,可有效调控晶场的不对称性;掺杂后,5个近邻三价离子的团簇结构中,只有3个近邻Yb3+离子,无法同时实现Er3+离子的4F5/2和Sc3+的2G7/2或Hf4+的4F5/2o激发态的双光子合作上转换电子布居,导致Sc3+或Hf4+成为荧光猝灭中心,Sc3+掺杂晶场调控最大仅提升50%的荧光强度,Hf4+掺杂没有提升反而降低Er3+离子的上转换发光强度,不同于它们掺杂六方NaYF4:Er/Yb那样扮演储能离子角色,显著提升Er3+离子的短波上转换发光强度.本研究揭示了在六边环状亚晶格基质结构中不同稀土离子与敏化剂Yb3+的敏化上转换发光机制,以及基质结构特征对掺杂晶场调控行为的影响机制,可为设计和制备高性能上转换发光材料提供借鉴. 相似文献
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10.
采用水热法制备了均匀、单分散的BaF2∶Tb3+纳米粒子,并采用离子交换法制备了水杨酸钠敏化的BaF2∶Tb3+纳米粒子(SS-BaF2∶Tb3+)。 系统地研究了样品的结构、形貌和光致发光性质。 结果表明,监测Tb3+离子在547 nm的5D4→7F5跃迁,SS-BaF2∶Tb3+纳米粒子获得了从200 nm到385 nm波长范围宽的激发带;激发SS的π-π*电子跃迁吸收,由于SS到Tb3+的能量传递(“天线效应”),SS-BaF2∶Tb3+纳米粒子产生了增强的Tb3+离子绿光发射;敏化纳米粒子中Tb3+离子光致发光寿命比未敏化纳米粒子中Tb3+离子寿命长。 相似文献
11.
NnO2:xEu3+(x=O, 1%, 3%, 5%, molar fraction) fibers were synthesized by electrospinning technology. The size of the as-prepared fibers is relatively uniform and the average diameter is about 200 nm with a large draw ratio. The as-prepared Eu3+ doped SnO2 nanofibers have a rutile structure and consist of crystallitc grains with an average size of about 10 nm. A slight red shift of the A1gand Bag vibration modes and an additional peak at 288 nm were observed in the Raman spectra of the nanofibers. The energies of bandgaps of the SnO2 nanofiber with Eu doping of 1% and 3% are 2.64 eV, and the energy of bandgap is 2.94 eV with Eu doping of 5%(molar fraction). There is only orange emission(5D0→7F1 magnetic dipole transition) for Eu doped SnO2 nanofibers, and no red emission could be observed. The orange emission upon indirect excitation splits into three peaks and the peak intensity at the excitation wavelength of 275 nm is higher than that at the excitation wavelength of 488 nm. 相似文献
12.
本文用EHMO法计算六核簇离子Te64+和P64-的电子结构。分析与它们相同构型的棱柱烷C6H6和苯在成键性质上的差异。结果表明,这两簇离子的多余价电子填充到能级略高于自由原子p轨道的弱反键分子轨道。 相似文献
13.
The effect of Zn2+ ions codoped on the upconversion emission of Er3+ ions in Er:LiNbO3 crystal under different excitation wavelength was reported.The upconversion emission spectra of Zn/Er:LiNbO3 follo... 相似文献
14.
介绍一个研究型综合实验——简易微波水热合成CuInS_2/ZnS复合量子点及其表征。实验通过Cu~(2+)、In~(3+)、Zn~(2+)和S~(2-)离子为原料,以谷胱甘肽作为稳定剂,两步微波水热合成水溶性的CuInS_2/ZnS复合量子点。用X射线衍射法和透射电镜表征它的结构和形貌,用紫外-可见光吸收、荧光光谱、荧光寿命和荧光照片等表征光学性质,并探究温度、时间、成份对荧光性质的影响。通过该实验的设计与实施培养学生科学研究的方法和思维能力。 相似文献
15.
Liang Tan Li Yang Xuehong Gu Wanqin Jin Lixiong Zhang Nanping Xu 《Journal of membrane science》2004,230(1-2):21-27
The compounds of SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (SCF) doped with Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ti4+ and Zr4+ are synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction. The phase stabilities and oxygen permeabilites of these synthesized oxides are investigated. It is found that the doping Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ totally dissolve into the SCF unit cell, while SrTiO3 and SrZrO3 phases form when SCF is doped with Ti4+ and Zr4+, respectively. A possible mechanism of the doping behavior is proposed to interpret the structure transformation of the SCF unit cell. Phase stability increases directly with the size of the doping ion when SCF is doped with the ions in the same group. However, the influence of the size of the doping ion on the oxygen permeation behavior is negligible for the membranes doped with the ions in the same group. 相似文献
16.
Inorganic cluster syntheses of TM2+-doped quantum dots (CdSe, CdS, CdSe/CdS): physical property dependence on dopant locale 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A series of colloidal transition-metal-doped chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals (TM2+:CdSe, TM2+:CdS, etc.) has been prepared by thermal decomposition of inorganic cluster precursors. It is shown through extensive spectroscopic and structural characterization that the nanocrystals prepared following literature procedures for synthesis of TM2+:CdSe nanocrystals actually possess an unintended CdSe/TM2+:CdS core/shell morphology. The conditions required for successful formation of TM2+:CdSe and TM2+:CdS by cluster decomposition have been determined. Magneto-optical and photoluminescence spectroscopic results for this series of doped nanocrystals reveal major physical consequences of dopant localization within the shell and demonstrate the capacity to engineer dopant-carrier exchange interactions via core/shell doping strategies. The results presented here illustrate some of the remarkable and unexpected complexities that can arise in nanocrystal doping chemistries and emphasize the need for meticulous characterization to avoid false positives. 相似文献
17.
铁氰根桥联的一维链状大环配位聚合物的合成及结构 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
配位聚合物的合成、结构和性质研究近年来引起了人们极大的兴趣 ,已成为配位化学最活跃的研究领域之一 .由于 [Fe( CN) 6 ]3- 和 [Fe( CN) 6 ]4- 离子本身具有丰富的配位特性 ,可与金属离子及其配合物形成一维链状、二维网状和三维立体结构的配位聚合物 [1~ 5] ,铁氰根和亚铁氰根桥联的配位聚合物的研究成为其中的研究热点之一 .此外 ,铁氰根和亚铁氰根桥联的配位聚合物具有较高的铁磁相变温度[6~ 8] ,是一类具有较好应用前景的分子磁体 .但是 ,以金属大环配合物作为结构单元与 [Fe( CN) 6 ]3-和 [Fe( CN) 6 ]4-离子形成的配位聚合物… 相似文献
18.
S. -W. Chiu K. -C. Lau W. -K. Li N. L. Ma Y. -S. Cheung C. Y. Ng 《Journal of Molecular Structure》1999,490(1-3):109-124
Gaussian-2 ab initio calculations were performed to examine the six modes of unimolecular dissociation of cis-CH3CHSH+ (1+), trans-CH3CHSH+ (2+), and CH3SCH2+ (3+): 1+→CH3++trans-HCSH (1); 1+→CH3+trans-HCSH+ (2); 1+→CH4+HCS+ (3); 1+→H2+c-CH2CHS+ (4); 2+→H2+CH3CS+ (5); and 3+→H2+c-CH2CHS+ (6). Reactions (1) and (2) have endothermicities of 584 and 496 kJ mol−1, respectively. Loss of CH4 from 1+ (reaction (3)) proceeds through proton transfer from the S atom to the methyl group, followed by cleavage of the C–C bond. The reaction pathway has an energy barrier of 292 kJ mol−1 and a transition state with a wide spectrum of nonclassical structures. Reaction (4) has a critical energy of 296 kJ mol−1 and it also proceeds through the same proton transfer step as reaction (3), followed by elimination of H2. Formation of CH3CS+ from 2+ (reaction (5)) by loss of H2 proceeds through protonation of the methine (CH) group, followed by dissociation of the H2 moiety. Its energy barrier is 276 kJ mol−1. On both the MP2/6-31G* and QCISD/6-31G* potential-energy surfaces, the H2 1,1-elimination from 3+ (reaction (6)) proceeds via a nonclassical intermediate resembling c-CH3SCH2+ and has a critical energy of 269 kJ mol−1. 相似文献
19.
铕(Ⅲ)激活的磷酸镧发光性质研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
LaPO4:Eu3+的发射光谱包含较强的Eu3+5Do→7F1跃迁发射和较弱的6D1→7F1跃迁发射。主发射峰583nm,对应于Eu3+5Do→7F1跃迁.通过对Eu3+的两种跃迁发射强度及荧光寿命和Eu3+浓度关系的测定和理论分析,探讨了发光中心Eu3+离子同的交叉弛豫和能量迁移机理。 相似文献
20.
Ultrathin Co doped MoS2 nanosheets(NSs) with thickness of 3.2 nm was used to simultaneously decompose Cr(Ⅵ) and MB in dark through ultrasonic vibration-assisted piezocatalytic effect. The significantly enhanced piezocatalytic performance of Co doped MoS2 NSs was found in comparison to the pristine MoS2 NSs. The high piezocatalytic activity of Co doped MoS2 NSs may originate from the large amount of charge carriers due to Co doping. The efficient separation of electron-hole pairs under spontaneous polarization were also investigated ill detail, which is responsible for reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) and oxidation of methylene blue(MB). The active species trapping experiments demonstrate that e and ·O2^- are main active substances for Cr(Ⅵ) reduction, while h+,·OH, and ·O2^- participate in MB degradation. 相似文献