Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries:Toward high-energy and high-power applications

Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of low energy&power density and short cycling lifespan owing to the heavy mass and large radius of Na⁺.Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have advantageous characteristic of high operating voltage,high ionic conductivity and robust structural framework,which is conducive to their high energy&power density and long lifespan for SIBs.In this review,we will overview the latest V-based polyanionic compounds,along with the respective characteristic from the intrinsic crystal structure to performance presentation and improvement for SIBs.One of the most important aspect is to discover the essential problems existed in the present V-based polyanionic compounds for high-energy&power applications,and point out most suitable solutions from the crystal structure modulation,interface tailoring and electrode configuration design.Moreover,some scientific issues of V-based polyanionic compounds shall be also proposed and related future direction shall be provided.We believe that this review can serve as a motivation for further development of novel V-based polyanionic compounds and drive them toward high energy&power applications in the near future.     

Total synthesis of TRADD death domain with arginine N-GlcNAcylation by hydrazide-based native chemical ligation

TNFR1-associated death domain protein(TRADD)with arginine N-GlcNAcylation is a novel and structurally unique posttranslational modification(PTM)glycoprotein that blocks the formation of death-inducing signaling complex(DISC),orchestrating host nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)signaling in entero-pathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC)-infected cells.This particular glycosylated modification plays an extremely vital role for the effective colonization and pathogenesis of pathogens in the gut.Herein we describe the total synthesis of TRADD death domain(residues 195-312)with arginine235 NGlcNAcylation(Arg-GIcNAc TRADD(195-312)).Two longish peptidyl fragments of the wild-type primary sequence were obtained by robust,microwave-assisted,highly efficient,solid-phase peptide synthesis(SPPS),the N-GlcNAcylated sector was built by total synthesis and attached specifically to resinbound peptide with an unprotected ornithine residue via silver-promoted on-resin guanidinylation,ArgGlcNAc TRADD(195-312)was constructed by hydrazide-based native chemical ligation(NCL).The facile synthetic strategy is expected to be generally applicable for the rapid synthesis of other proteins with Arg-GIcNAc modification and to pave the way for the related chemically biological study.     

Steam activation of Fe-N-C catalyst for advanced power performance of alkaline hydrazine fuel cells

Alkaline hydrazine liquid fuel cells(AHFC) have been highlighted in terms of high power performance with non-precious metal catalysts.Although Fe-N-C is a promising non-Pt electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),the surface density of the active site is very low and the catalyst layer should be thick to acquire the necessary number of catalytic active sites.With this thick catalyst layer,it is important to have an optimum pore structure for effective reactant conveyance to active sites and an interface structure for faster charge transfer.Herein,we prepare a Fe-N-C catalyst with magnetite particles and hierarchical pore structure by steam activation.The steam activation process significantly improves the power performance of the AHFC as indicated by the lower IR and activation voltage losses.Based on a systematic characterization,we found that hierarchical pore structures improve the catalyst utilization efficiency of the AHFCs,and magnetite nanoparticles act as surface modifiers to reduce the interracial resistance between the electrode and the ion-exchange membrane.     

Combined QSAR/QSPR,Molecular Docking,and Molecular Dynamics Study of Environmentally Friendly PBDEs with Improved Insulating Properties

To improve the insulating properties of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs), we studied the molecular structures and energy gap(Eg) values of 209 PBDEs using a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship(3D-QSAR) model, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. We also analyzed the interaction mechanisms of PBDEs using a 2D-QSAR model, molecular substitution characteristics, and molecular docking. The 3D-QSAR model showed that the 2-, 4-, 5-, and 6-positions significantly influenced the PBDE insulating properties. Using BDE-34 as a template molecule, we designed six derivatives with 0.47%-28.44% higher insulation tlian BDE-34. Compared with BDE-34, the stability and flame retardancy of the above six derivatives were not adversely affected. These derivatives, except for 2,6-cyanomethyl-BDE, 2-cyanomethyl-BDE, and 2-aniinomethyl-BDE, were more toxic and biodegradable than BDE-34, but showed weaker bioaccumulation and migration abilities than BDE-34. Mechanism analysis showed that the highest occupied orbital energy, the most negative charge, and the dipole moment were the main quantitative parameters that aflected the PBDE insulating properties. PBDE insulation gradually decreased as the number of Br atoms increased. The level of similarity between the substitution patterns on the two benzene rings was significantly correlated with PBDE insulation, with hydrophobic groups having a more significant efiect on PBDE insulation.     

Novel fusiform core-shell-MOF derived in tact metal@carb on composite:An efficient cathode catalyst for aqueous and solid-state Zn-air batteries

Owing to the varied mechanisms of ORR/OER,exploiting cost-effective bifunctional catalysts with robust ORR/OER activities and excellent performances in Zn-air batteries is still a challenge.In this work,the Co/CoO@NSC bifunctional catalyst is obtained by using Zn-MOF@Co-MOF as self-template.The Co/CoO@NSC composite has interconnected porous architecture with in tact metal@carb on structure,exhibiting superior electrocatalytic activities toward ORR and OER that can be comparable with the Pt/C and RuO₂ catalysts,respectively.The Co/CoO@NSC-based aqueous Zn-air battery achieves a high specific capacity(759.7 mAh/g)and energy density(990.5 Wh/kg),and ultra-long rechargeable property(more than 400 h/1200 cycles).The Co/CoO@NSC-based solid-state Zn-air battery also delivers an excellent performance with a long cycle life(more than 143 h/858 cycles).Most importantly,the newly synthesized and recharged Co/CoO@NSC-based solid-state Zn-air battery can be used to light up a 2 V LED lamp for more than 28 h,demonstrating the superior practicability as rechargeable power source.     

Ultra-small nanodots coated with oligopeptides providing highly negative charges to enhance osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs better than osteogenic induction medium

For bone regenerative engineering,it is a promising method to form skeletal tissues differentiating from human bone morrow mesenchyme stem cells(hBMSCs).However,it is still a critical challenge to efficiently control ostogenesis and clearly reveal the influence factor.To this end,the fluorescent gold nanodots(Au NDs) with highly negative charges as osteogenic induction reagent are successfully synthesized,which display better than commercial osteogenic induction medium through the investigations of ALP activity(2.5 folds) and cytoskeleton staining(1.5 folds).Two kinds of oligopeptides with different bio-structures(cysteine,Cys and glutathione,GSH) are selected for providing surficial charges on Au NDs.It is revealed that Au-Cys with more negative charges(-51 mV) play better role than Au-GSH(-19 mV) in osteogenic differentiation,when both of them have same size(~2 nm),sphere shape and show similar cell uptake amount.To explore deeply,osteogenesis related signaling pathways are monitored,revealing that the enhancement of osteogenic differentiation was through autophagy signaling pathway triggered by Au-Cys.And the promotion of highly negative charges in osteogenic diffe rentiation was further proved via sliver nanodots(Ag NDs,Ag-Cys and Ag-GSH) and carbon nanodots(CDs,Cys-CDs and GSH-CDs).This work indicates part of insights during hBMSCs differentiation and provides a novel strategy in osteogenic differentiation process.     

Recent progress of thin-film photovoltaics for indoor application

Indoor photovoltaics have attracted increasing attentions owing to their great potential in supplying energy for low power devices under indoor light in our daily life.The third generation thin-film solar cells,including dye-sensitized solar cells,perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells,have made rapid progress from the aspect of materials design to photovoltaic performance.This review provides an overview on the recent advances in the development of indoor photovoltaic technologies based on the third generation solar cells.The design principles of advanced thin-film indoor photovoltaics were also summarized according to the characteristics of indoor light and the advantages of the third generation solar cells.Finally,after summarizing the current research progress,the perspective on this topic is provided.     

C-S coupling with nitro group as leaving group via simple inorganic salt catalysis

An efficient and practical synthetic protocol to synthesize nonsymmetrical aryl thioethers by nucleophilic aromatic substitution(S_NAr)reaction of nitroarenes by thiols with potassium phosphate as the catalyst is described.Various moderate to strong electron-withdrawing functional groups are tolerated by the system to provide thioethers in a good to excellent yields.We also showed that the present method allows access to 3 drug examples in a short reaction time.Finally,mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction may form the classic Meisenheimer complex through a two-step additionelimination mechanism.     

Visualizing phase transition of upper critical solution temperature (UCST) polymers with AIE

The stimuli-responsive polymers with upper critical solution temperatures(UCST) are highly attractive for drug delivery applications. However, the phase transition process of UCST polymer is usually characterized by turbidity measurement and electron microscopy, which are significantly restricted by low sensitivity and static observation. In contrary, the fluorescence technique has significant advantages in terms of high sensitivity, easy operation, and dynamic observation. However, the conventional fluorophores suffer from the drawbacks of aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ) after being encapsulated by UCST polymers, which are not suitable for direct visualization of the phase transition process. To tackle this challenge, we herein developed a series of UCST polymers based on polyacrylamides decorated with bile acid and aggregation-induced emission(AIE)-active tetraphenylethene(TPE) groups, which can be used for direct fluorescence monitoring of the phase transition process. Moreover, the AIE-active UCST polymers can serve as drug carriers, which can not only monitor the drug release process under thermal stimuli, but also verify the drug release by fluorescence recovery after thermal stimuli. It is expected that the AIE-active UCST polymers with self-monitoring ability are promising for biomedical applications.     

A highly stable membrane with hierarchical structure for wide pH range flow batteries

A membrane with high stability and ion conductivity in wide pH range is essential for energy storage devices.Here,we report a novel membrane with hierarchical core-shell structure,which demonstrates high stability and ion conductivity,simultaneously under a wide pH range applications.Spectral characterizations and theoretical calculation indicate that the non-solvent induces the chain segment configuration and eventually leads to polymer-polymer phase separation,thus forming hierarchical porous core-shell structure.Benefiting from this structure,an acidic vanadium flow battery(VFB)with such a membrane shows excellent performance over 400 cycles with an energy efficiency(EE)of above 81%at current density of 120 mA cm^-2 and an alkaline zinc-iron flow battery(AZIFB)delivers a cycling stability for more than 200 cycles at 160 mA cm^-2,along with an EE of above 82%.This paper provides a cost-effective and simple way to fabricate membranes with high performance for variety of energyrelated devices.     

邻苯二酚紫修饰电极示差脉冲伏安法测定水中铝

利用吸附的方法在热解石墨电极上制得邻苯二酚紫(PCV)修饰电极。在NH~3.H~2O-NH~4Cl底液(pH8.5)中,该电极具有很好的电化学活性,其示差脉冲氧化峰电位为E~p~a=+80mV。对铝进行检测,只是峰电流降低,而峰电位不变,氧化峰电流的降低值与铝浓度在1×10^-^8-1×10^-^7mol.dm^-^3和1×10^-^7-1×10^-^6mol.dm^-^3范围内成正比,检测限为5×10^-^9mol.dm^-^3,标准偏差为5.0%(4×10^-^8mol.dm^-^3Al,n=8),对实际水样进行测定,结果令人满意。对其检测机理进行了研究后认为:(1)PCV修饰电极表面是PCV单分子层吸附,具有很好的电化学活性;(2)铝与PCV在电极表面形成一1:3的配合物,该配合物在修饰电极上本身没有电化学活性,仅覆盖住原有的PCV电活性点,从而使峰电流降低,而峰电位没有变化;因此,在有铝和无铝时,电极过程没有变化,都对应于PCV的电化学行为。我们用电化学方法、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱和X射线荧光光谱法对此进行了证明。     

胺铜或镍配离子的TCNQ电荷转移盐的合成和物理性质

合成了七个胺铜或镍配离子的TCNQ电荷转移盐[ML2][TCNQ]n(TCNQ=7, 7, 8, 8-四氰基对苯二醌二甲烷; n=2, 3;M=Cu, Ni; L=tn, pn, dien, dmtade)。通过元素分析、红外光谱、电子光谱、顺磁共振谱、光电子能谱、磁化率和电导率对这些电荷转移盐进行了表征。结果表明, 这些电荷转移盐分子中存在TCNQ^0和TCNQ^-且TCNQ^0与TCNQ^-之间存在相互作用, 部分电荷从[TCNQ]n^2向[ML2]^2^+转移, 导致化合物中的金属表现为混合价态。七个样品的室温电导率在10^-^5～10^-^1^0S.cm^-^1, 属于有机半导体, 其导电性主要归结为一维TCNQ分子柱的形成。     

稀土元素的电分析化学研究 X:钆-茜素红的极谱配合吸附波的研究

In a supporting electrolyte containing 2X10-4M Alizarin Red S, 0.1M NH3-NH4Cl and at pH 9.6, we obtained an adsorptive complex wave of gadolinium-Alizarin Bed S by single-sweep polarography. The peak potential of the derivative wave is -0.69V (S. C. E.). The limit of detection for gadolinium is 6X10-8M. We have determined the composition of the complex which is 1:3 GD-Alizarin Red S and confirmed that the wave is an adsorptive complex wave. The electrode processes may be presented as follows: Gd3+ + 3HL2- + 3NH3 = (GdL3)6- + 3(NH4)^+ (Chemical reaction) (GdL3)6- = (GdL3)ad6- (Surface process) The total electrochemical reaction is (GdL3)ad6- + 6e + 6(NH4)^+ = (Gd(LH2)3)ad6- + 6NH3     

MAP-H~2O~2-HPR伏安酶联免疫分析新体系和光谱及电化学研究

提出了间氨基酸(MAP)-H~2O~2-辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)伏安酶联免疫分析新体系.本方法以线性扫描二阶导数伏安法检测HRP催化H~2O~2氧化MAP的产物,用于游离HRP和各种HRP标记物的测定,灵敏度均高于经典的ELISA显色光度法.测定游离HRP的线性范围为1.0x10^-^8-1.0x10-6/L,检测限达3.8x10^-^9g/L.制备出了HRP催化H~2O~2氧化MAP的产物纯品并应用电化学分析,高效液相色谱,元素分析,紫外-可见光谱,红外光谱,^1H核磁共振谱,^1^3C核磁共振谱及质谱等技术对体系酶促反应进行了深入的研究.在选择的酶促反应条件下,生成的产物为2-氨基-5-[(3-差苯基)]-2,5-环己烯基-1,4-二酮.提出了酶催化反应机理及其产物的电极还原过程。     

三取代过渡金属钨镓杂多配合物的磁性及导电性能研究

合成了过渡金属三取代的钨镓杂多配合物:α-Na~nH~m[GaW~9O~3~7M~3(H~2O)~3]·xH~2O[M=Fe(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ)]。通过元素分析、红外、紫外、^1^8^3W NMR以及热分析等手段进行了表征, 变温磁化率数据显示了配合物具有反铁磁特征。电导率测定结果表明所合成的配合物是迄今未见文献报道的过渡金属三取代杂多配合物高质子导体, 室温下GaW~9Fe~3的σ值可达10^-^3S·cm^-^1, 其特点是热稳定范围宽, 不易失水, 可望成为能实用化的杂多酸型固体电解质。     

荧光法研究药物分子与人血清白蛋白的结合作用

本文应用荧光光谱和能量转移技术首次研究了心血管病药物盐酸地尔硫卓、盐酸川芎嗪和甘草酸三种药物分子与人血清白蛋白的结合作用。研究结果表明, 盐酸川芎嗪和盐酸地尔硫卓在溶液中与白蛋白形成缔合物, 荧光猝灭机理符合静态机制, 缔合物的稳定常数分别为: 盐酸川芎嗪Ks=1.12×10^4(mol/L)^-^1(25℃),Ks=6.95×10^3 (mol/L)^-^1(40℃); 盐酸地尔硫卓Ks=4.71×10^2(mol/L)^-^1(25℃), Ks=3.00×10^2(mol/L)^-^1(40℃)。甘草酸与白蛋白的作用符合动态猝灭机理, 动态猝灭常数为Kd=4.76×10^(mol/L)^-^1(25℃), Kd=6.19×10^2(mol/L)^-^1(40℃)。基于Forster 偶极-偶极无辐射能量转移机理确定了药物分子盐酸川芎嗪在人血清白蛋白中与第214位色氨酸残基之间的距离R=1.76nm(25℃), R=1.80nm(40℃)。     

吡啶盐二维电荷转移分子的设计、合成和超级化氯的测定

设计、合成了以吡啶阳离子为吸电子基团的二维电荷转移非线性光学生色团分子－双四苯鹏(反式)-4,4'-二{p-[(N-乙基-N-羟乙基)氨基]苯亚乙烯基}-N,N'-(1,2-乙基)-2,2'-联吡啶盐和双四苯硼(反式)-N-己基-咔唑-3,6-二(p-亚乙烯基-N-羟乙基-吡啶盐),利用超瑞利散射技术(HRS)测定了这两种分子的第一超级化率β,在1064nm分别为786x10^-^3^0esu和1770x10^-^3^0esu。双能级模型计算得到的β0的值分别为215x10^-^3^0esu和119x10^-^3^0esu。从分子结构的角度定性地分析了该类分子具有大β值的原因。     

固体化合物YbCl~2和AYbI~3(A=Cs,Rb, K)中^1^7^1Yb NMR谱 及核磁屏蔽性质

首次在室温下测定了^1^7^1Yb在YbCl~2中的化学位移、化学位移各向异性、自旋-晶格弛豫时间、自旋-晶格弛豫时间的各向异性,计算出自旋-自旋弛豫时间。根据TMS(^1H)的绝对屏蔽常数,计算了^1^7^1Yb在YbCl~2和在AYbI~3(A=K,Rb,Cs)中的平均绝对屏蔽常数(σ~i~s~o),逆磁绝对屏蔽常数(σ~i~s~o^d)和顺磁绝对屏蔽常数(-σ~i~s~o^p),并且对^1^7^1Yb的各项屏蔽常数与结构之间的关系进行了讨论。     

二茂铁与HnXW12O40.mH2O(X=P,Si, Ge)电荷转移配合物的室温固相合 成与性质

用室温固相反应法合成了三种具有非线性光学性质的二茂铁-多金属氧酸盐电荷转移配合物[Fe(C5H5)2H]3PW12O40(Ⅰ),[Fe(C5H5)2H]4SiW12O40(Ⅱ)和[Fe(C5H5)2H]4GeW12O40(Ⅲ)。用元素分析、紫外漫反射电子光谱、红外光谱、穆斯堡尔谱、ESR、XRD、循环伏安等手段对其进行了表征和研究,确定了该配合物的组成与结构,结果表明二茂铁与杂多阴离子之间发生了电荷转移,在形成配合物过程中杂多阴离子发生单电子还原反应,生成了混合价化合物,非线性光学性质研究表明电荷转移配合物的倍频效应强度分别为IⅠ^2ω=0.27I~KDP,IⅡ^2ω=0.06I~KDP,IⅢ^2ω=0.10I~KDP;三阶非线性光学χⅠ^(3)=2.4×10^-^13esu,χⅡ^(3)=3.1×10^-^12esu,χⅢ^(3)=6.5×10^-^12esu.     

硝基苯与正十六烷二元溶液在临界区域的浊度

测量了硝基苯与正十六烷二元溶液在临界区域不同波长及温度下的浊度, 结合与关联长度、渗透压缩系数、共存曲线有关的三个指前因子(x0, ξ0, B)的比例关系: R=ξ0[B^2/(4kBTcx0)]^1^/^3(kB和Tc分别为玻尔兹曼常数与临界温度)及R的理论值(0.65-0.67), 用Ornstein-Zernike方程拟合浊度-温度-波长数据, 得到临界指数γ与ν, 在误差范围内与值一致。将γ与ν固定在理论值1.241和0.63, 求得ξ0为0.168nm(R=0.65)和0.174nm(R=0.67), x0为2.81×10^-^9m^3.J^-^1(R=0.65)和2.85×10^-^9m^3.J^-^1(R=0.67)。