用仪器中子活化分析研究岩庄陨石元素宇宙化学特征

用中子活化分析测定了新陨石庄陨石的主要和微量元素含量。陨石浅灰色相的微量元素化学特征与Ｈ６型相似。金属粒子中稀土元素相对富集，有非常明显的Ｅｕ正异常，与Ｈ６型比较以低的Ｂｒ，Ｚｎ含量和高的Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ，Ｉｒ，Ａｕ丰度的为其特征，讨论了岩庄陨石在微重力影响下，微量元素宇宙化学特征与太空八面体Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ金属四同心环微晶体结构生长可能的内在联系。     

人体子宫癌活组织中微量元素的中子活化分析

本文利用样品的低温干燥预处理技术和仪器中子活化分析方法,同时测定了人体子宫癌活组织中的29种微量元素,并分别与宫颈炎组织和正常组织比较,初步研究结果表明,子宫癌组织,宫颈炎组织和正常组织中Au,I,Se等微量元素有显著差异。     

金矿区植物地化效应的中子活化分析方法研究

用中子活化方法分析树叶中金等元素含量，对比研究发现，金矿区中树叶的金含量明显比正常区高。但金与其通常的共生元素在树叶中并不是组合共生的。     

新型中空卤化银颗粒乳剂的制备和性能研究 Ⅱ.中子活化分析测定感光乳剂的元素组成

一般采用化学滴定法来定量分析卤化银乳剂中的银和卤素组份。其他仪器分析,如X射线能谱,X射线电子能谱,X光萤光等只能做到半定量或定性分析。而化学滴定法的实验操作步骤又十分繁琐,而且卤素的化学性质相近,需用差减法分别得到最后结果。本文采用中子活化分析法,样品不需预处理(即不需要去除明胶),即可对卤化银乳剂同时进行元素测定。所测定的数值与化学滴定法的结果对照比较,两者十分相近。说明利用中子活化分析来测定卤化银乳剂的元素组份是可靠的方法.     

地外样品的核分析技术研究进展

地外样品是目前能获取到的来自其他天体的最直接地质证据。研究地外样品的目的在于揭示太阳系及其所含天体的宏观与微观演化过程,并为行星与星际环境和星际移民与外星生命的可能性提供新的见解。地外样品成分的原位或地面实验室精细分析研究对于人类认识天体演化以及我国后续月球探测与资源就地开发利用具有重要的意义。鉴于地外样品的特殊和珍贵,通常优先选用非破坏分析方法对其开展研究。而核分析技术是在实验核物理和核化学基础上发展起来的一门新型学科,是利用粒子与物质的相互作用、辐射效应、核谱学和核效应等基本原理和实验的方法,比如中子活化分析、离子束分析以及X射线荧光分析等,利用其非破坏性、灵敏度高、准确度好和多元素同时分析等优点,非常适合开展地外珍贵样品的分析研究。未来十年是我国深空探测的关键时期,其主要目标是加深对宇宙的认知、拓展人类的活动空间、探寻地外生命信息,并进一步揭示宇宙奥秘与生命起源、了解保护地球以及激发科学探索精神。核分析技术作为对样品无损分析的科学手段,其生命力在于与物理、化学、材料、医学、地质、环境等学科领域的高度融合。随着我国深空探测的发展需求,核分析技术将会在我国月球、小行星、火星等深空探测以及采集的珍贵样品分析中发挥重要的作用。     

柴油非加氢脱硫技术研究中样品的选择

利用气相色谱/原子发射光谱检测器（GC/AED）,对小型加氢装置的加氢脱硫柴油样品及氧化/萃取前后样品油中含硫化合物进行了分析,对色谱图中出现的几个可疑峰进行了分析和推测,表明这几个峰是由元素硫产生的,并通过无硫油样中加入硫磺和对样品进行汞洗等实验进行了验证。此外,对于加氢柴油中元素硫产生原因以及对硫质量分数测定和对实验分析的影响,在氧化脱硫等非加氢脱硫实验中样品的选择等问题进行了讨论。     

地外样品研究中电子探针元素面扫描分析技术的应用

由于月壤等地外样品十分珍贵,在实验室研究中优先使用原位、微区、无损的元素分析方法。电子探针元素面扫描是地外样品研究中常用的分析方法之一。该方法可获取样品整体或者感兴趣区域的多种元素分布数据,应用于矿物相识别与含量估算,锆石等定年矿物的快速定位,矿物环带、出溶、反应边结构等特殊岩相和矿物接触关系等分析和研究。本研究中以嫦娥五号月壤、月球陨石、火星陨石研究为例,介绍了目前元素面扫描的应用方法。此外,本文还对比、分析了电子探针面扫描技术与其它面扫描技术的优缺点和适用范围。未来十年,我国将实施一系列月球、火星、小行星等天体采样返回任务。电子探针元素面扫描分析未来将在这些地外样品研究中广泛使用。同时,建议行星科学家围绕所关心的科学问题,合理搭配多种分析方法以实现各种技术优势互补和样品科学价值最大化,服务我国月球与深空探测任务科学产出和行星科学发展。     

悬浊液直接进样非火焰原子吸收法测定蔬菜样品中微量铬的研究

本文通过用直接悬浊液进样原子吸收法对新鲜蔬菜中铬的测定,研究了各种实验条件,并建立了实际测定新鲜蔬菜中微量元素的方法。该法将可用于食品。     

宽带差分吸收光谱与区域毒气探测技术的研究

论述了气体的吸收光谱与区域有害气体光谱探测技术的基本原理,探讨了差分吸收光谱技术,提出了区域远程毒气快速探测的实现方法,介绍了宽光谱光束探测痕量气体入侵、多组光谱仪测试,利用差分吸收光谱法研究出毒气报警系统,并对仪器的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Progress in neutron activation analysis for uranium

A new type of extractant, sym-dibenzo-16-crown-5-oxyhydroxamic acid (HL) is introduced. The extractions of UO22+, Na+, K+, Sr2+, Ba2+ and Br- were studied with HL in chloroform. The results obtained show that UO22+ can be quantitatively extracted at pH values above 5, whereas the extractions of K+, Na+, Sr2+, Ba2+ and Br- are negligible in the pH range of 2 - 7. The dependence of the distribution ratio of U(VI) on both the concentration of the HL and pH are linear, and they have the same slope of 2. This suggests that U(VI) appears to form a 1:2 complex with ligand. Uranium(VI) can be selectively separated and concentrated from interfering elements such as Na, K, Sr and Br by solvent extraction with HL under specific conditions. The recovery of uranium is nearly 100% and the radionudear purity of uranium is greater than 99.99%. Therefore, neutron activation analysis has greatly improved the sensitivity and accuracy for the detection of trace uranium from seawater.     

反应堆瞬发γ活化成像技术研究进展

瞬发γ活化成像技术(Prompt Gamma Activation Imaging,PGAI)是基于瞬发γ中子活化分析技术(Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis,PGAA)的一种新型元素成像技术,具有PGAA非破坏性、高灵敏度的多元素分析特点,同时可研究大体积样品内元素含量的三维分布情况。与移动中子源(如同位素中子源、加速器中子源)相比,反应堆中子源具有高通量的冷/热中子,因此,基于反应堆中子源的PGAI装置具有更加广阔的应用前景。鉴于PGAI技术的重要性,主要介绍了PGAI技术原理和测量方法、列举了国内外具有代表性的PGAI装置及特点,并指出当前PGAI技术研究现状与应用进展。其中,与中子层析成像(Neutron tomography,NT)结合的PGAI是目前研究的重点。随着国内高通量中子反应堆的持续稳定运行以及PGAI装置的建立和技术发展,相信未来PGAI技术能在我国更多领域得到广泛和深入应用。     

Some Aspects on Preconcentration for Neutron Activation Analysis

A preconcentration method incorporated with neutron activation analysis was developed for the accurate determination of trace metals in biological and environmental samples. Bismuth diethyldithiocarbamate, thallium diethyldithiocarbarnate, and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate were used as the preconcentration agents for three groups of metals. Trace metals were enriched and interfering elements such as Na, Br, P. K. etc. were removed simultaneously during the preconcentration process so that the sensitivity for each metal was greatly improved. Optimal conditions for sample digestion, group preconcentration of trace metals and neutron activation analysis of biological and environmental samples were discussed.     

Determination of Trace Elements in Liquid Fuels by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis

Abstract

An instrumental neutron activation analysis with Ge(Li) γ -spectrometry and computer-assisted data reduction, has been developed for the determination of more than 20 elements in different liquid fuels. Organo-metallic standard solutions were mixed to obtain suitable standards. Two neutron irradiations and 4 γ-spectrometric measurements are required for each sample. Corrections were taken into account for a few spectrometric and nuclear interferences. The overall standard deviation for nearly all elements is mainly determined by counting statistics. The following elements can be determined : Na, Al, S, Cl, K, Sc, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br and La whereas the concentration of the following elements are mostly near the limit of detection: Mg, Mo, Sb, Ba, Th and Hg.     

Cyclic neutron activation analysis for determination of selenium in food samples using <Superscript>77m</Superscript>Se

Cyclic neutron activation analysis method was conducted for determination of Se in food samples. High accuracy and good precision were proved by analyzing certified reference materials (CRMs) of chicken (GBW10018), rice (GBW10010) and cabbage (GBW10014). The detection limits for the three CRMs reached 0.16, 0.66 and 1.2 ng after 6 cycles at the 161.9 keV γ-peak from ^77mSe, under a neutron flux of 9.0 × 10¹¹ n cm⁻² s⁻¹ and the conditions of 30 s irradiation, 2 s decay, 30 s counting and 2 s waiting, significantly lower than those of conventional neutron activation analysis without any cycles, which were 0.94, 3.6 and 4.3 ng, respectively.     

中子活化实验室参加IAEA-390比对

介绍了上海市计量测试技术研究院中子活化实验室参加国际原子能机构ＩＡＥＡ－３９０比对的情况以及测量的部分数据,为今后希参加比对工作者提供了参考。     

Extraction-chromatographic system TBP-HBr in radiochemical neutron activation analysis of high-purity materials

The extraction and extraction-chromatographic behaviour of a variety of elements in the TBP-HBr system with concentrations from 0.1 to 7M HBr has been studied. The results allowed the development of simple procedures for radiochemical neutron activation determination of 22 impurity elements (Na, K, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Zn, Mo, Ag, Sb, Te, Ba, La, Hf and W) in high-purity cadmium and indium samples with detection limits from 1 g g^–1 for Fe and Zr to 0.01 ng g^–1 for Na, Sc, Mn with relative standard deviations < 0.15. To increase the selectivity of the extraction-chromatographic separation, use was made of extraction suppression and co-extraction effects. The procedure for the extraction-chromatographic separation of scandium from a number of other elements is described as an example. The procedure can be used for simultaneous quantitative separation of impurity radionuclides from radiation produced long-life scandium radionuclides in the neutron activation analysis of titanium and vanadium.     

Short- and long-time neutron activation analysis of egyptian phosphate reference materials

Three Egyptian phosphate reference materials (S1, S2 and S3) were investigated using short-term activation analysis. The precision of the determination of Dy, Sc, Gd, Yb, Mg, V, F, Al, Mn, and Ca by this method ranged from 2 to 5% due to the homogeneity factor. Another 11 elements were determined by NAA using medium and long-lived nuclides. Most results were in good agreement with the recommended values. The values of Dy and Gd are reported.