用仪器中子活化分析研究岩庄陨石元素宇宙化学特征

用中子活化分析测定了新陨石庄陨石的主要和微量元素含量。陨石浅灰色相的微量元素化学特征与Ｈ６型相似。金属粒子中稀土元素相对富集，有非常明显的Ｅｕ正异常，与Ｈ６型比较以低的Ｂｒ，Ｚｎ含量和高的Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ，Ｉｒ，Ａｕ丰度的为其特征，讨论了岩庄陨石在微重力影响下，微量元素宇宙化学特征与太空八面体Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ金属四同心环微晶体结构生长可能的内在联系。     

人体子宫癌活组织中微量元素的中子活化分析

本文利用样品的低温干燥预处理技术和仪器中子活化分析方法,同时测定了人体子宫癌活组织中的29种微量元素,并分别与宫颈炎组织和正常组织比较,初步研究结果表明,子宫癌组织,宫颈炎组织和正常组织中Au,I,Se等微量元素有显著差异。     

金矿区植物地化效应的中子活化分析方法研究

用中子活化方法分析树叶中金等元素含量，对比研究发现，金矿区中树叶的金含量明显比正常区高。但金与其通常的共生元素在树叶中并不是组合共生的。     

新型中空卤化银颗粒乳剂的制备和性能研究 Ⅱ.中子活化分析测定感光乳剂的元素组成

一般采用化学滴定法来定量分析卤化银乳剂中的银和卤素组份。其他仪器分析,如X射线能谱,X射线电子能谱,X光萤光等只能做到半定量或定性分析。而化学滴定法的实验操作步骤又十分繁琐,而且卤素的化学性质相近,需用差减法分别得到最后结果。本文采用中子活化分析法,样品不需预处理(即不需要去除明胶),即可对卤化银乳剂同时进行元素测定。所测定的数值与化学滴定法的结果对照比较,两者十分相近。说明利用中子活化分析来测定卤化银乳剂的元素组份是可靠的方法.     

柴油非加氢脱硫技术研究中样品的选择

利用气相色谱/原子发射光谱检测器（GC/AED），对小型加氢装置的加氢脱硫柴油样品及氧化/萃取前后样品油中含硫化合物进行了分析，对色谱图中出现的几个可疑峰进行了分析和推测，表明这几个峰是由元素硫产生的，并通过无硫油样中加入硫磺和对样品进行汞洗等实验进行了验证。此外，对于加氢柴油中元素硫产生原因以及对硫质量分数测定和对实验分析的影响，在氧化脱硫等非加氢脱硫实验中样品的选择等问题进行了讨论。     

地外样品研究中电子探针元素面扫描分析技术的应用

由于月壤等地外样品十分珍贵,在实验室研究中优先使用原位、微区、无损的元素分析方法。电子探针元素面扫描是地外样品研究中常用的分析方法之一。该方法可获取样品整体或者感兴趣区域的多种元素分布数据,应用于矿物相识别与含量估算,锆石等定年矿物的快速定位,矿物环带、出溶、反应边结构等特殊岩相和矿物接触关系等分析和研究。本研究中以嫦娥五号月壤、月球陨石、火星陨石研究为例,介绍了目前元素面扫描的应用方法。此外,本文还对比、分析了电子探针面扫描技术与其它面扫描技术的优缺点和适用范围。未来十年,我国将实施一系列月球、火星、小行星等天体采样返回任务。电子探针元素面扫描分析未来将在这些地外样品研究中广泛使用。同时,建议行星科学家围绕所关心的科学问题,合理搭配多种分析方法以实现各种技术优势互补和样品科学价值最大化,服务我国月球与深空探测任务科学产出和行星科学发展。     

悬浊液直接进样非火焰原子吸收法测定蔬菜样品中微量铬的研究

本文通过用直接悬浊液进样原子吸收法对新鲜蔬菜中铬的测定,研究了各种实验条件,并建立了实际测定新鲜蔬菜中微量元素的方法。该法将可用于食品。     

宽带差分吸收光谱与区域毒气探测技术的研究

论述了气体的吸收光谱与区域有害气体光谱探测技术的基本原理,探讨了差分吸收光谱技术,提出了区域远程毒气快速探测的实现方法,介绍了宽光谱光束探测痕量气体入侵、多组光谱仪测试,利用差分吸收光谱法研究出毒气报警系统,并对仪器的发展趋势进行了展望.     

ICP—MS在线定量分析气溶胶粒子的技术研究

对感应耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)在线快速定量分析气溶胶粒子技术进行了研究.振荡床发生稀土气溶胶粒子,将ICP-MS测得的离子簇脉冲数浓度与凝结核粒子计数器的读数比较,得到ICP-MS对粒子数浓度的相对计数效率.结果表明,ICP-MS对粒子数浓度的计数效率接近1.用振动孔气溶胶发生器发生单分散的硝酸铽粒子,并将ICP-MS测得的粒子中铽的响应信号与气溶胶发生器的计算值比较,获得了ICP-MS质量探测效率与质量的关系.在粒子物理直径实验范围内(0.4 ～3 μm),ICP-MS探测到的离子数与粒子中Tb的质量呈线性关系,表明在该范围内探测效率与粒径无关.初步研究结果表明,用ICP-MS既可进行连续气溶胶粒子的化学定量分析,也可进行每秒10个单粒子的化学定量分析.ICP-MS在环境气溶胶在线快速分析,尤其是气溶胶粒子中难熔金属和超铀元素超痕量在线环境监测方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

Instrumental neutron activation analysis of lunar samples and the identification of primary matter in the Lunar Highlands

We describe the scheme of sequential neutron activation which was developed in our laboratory especially for the analysis of lunar samples and in which more than 50 elements are determined. Irradiations with 14 MeV, epithermal and thermal neutrons and both instrumental techniques and radiochemical separations were applied. It is shown that the achieved accuracy can compete with the best available analytical methods for most major and many trace elements. Besides the observation of “correlated elements”, the discovery of primary matter of the last accretion stage of the moon in samples from the lunar highlands is discussed in some detail.     

Elemental abundances of lunar soils by neutron activation analysis

Résumé Pour déterminer 44 éléments dans des échantillons lunaires on a fait appel à l'analyse instrumentale par activation neutronique et à l'analyse par activation neutronique utilisant des séparations chimiques et la spectrométrie gamma à haute résolution. Si on utilise ces méthodes conjointement à la spectrométrie de masse à étincelle, on détermine plus de 56 éléments avec une certitude moyenne de 10%. On compare les résultats de l'analyse de sols lunaires rapportés par Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15 et 16 et par Luna 16.      

Updating analytical techniques for fast neutron activation analysis

Two improvements in the analytical techniques used for fast neutron activation analysis have been developed and put into routine use. The first is neutron shielding of a NaI (TL) counting system, which reduces the counting noise encountered during neutron generation. The second is a modification of batch type irradiation for long lived nuclides so they can be done simultaneously with other test.     

Preconcentration techniques for trace analysis via neutron activation

A review is given of the methods that have been proposed for enrichment of trace elements in samples that are to be analysed by neutron-activation methods. The emphasis is on classification of methods, with full illustrations by means of practical examples.     

Instrumental neutron activation analysis of air filter samples

Résumé La mesure de traces d'éléments dans l'air ambiant a fait l'objet d'une attention accrue ces derniers mois, en raison d'un intérêt grandissant pour les dangers en puissance pour la santé, qui résultent de l'exposition prolongée à certaines substances toxiques. L'analyse par activation neutronique a été employée avec succès dans la recherche de traces d'éléments, et ce, pour un grand nombre d'études de l'environnement; elle semble convenir de fa?on idéale pour la détermination non-destructive multi-élémentaire de la composition de milieux de particules portées par l'air. Dans cet article, on rend compte des performances de l'analyse instrumentale par activation neutronique comme on le montre dans le cas de 40 échantillons d'air filtrées provenant d'une zone métropolitaine.      

Application of neutron activation analysis to bone samples

Summary Neutron activation analysis technique, using Au as flux monitor, was applied to determine element concentrations of Ca, K, Na, Mg, Mn and Sr in certified reference material (NIST 1400 Bone Ash). The results were compared with those using comparative INAA and they were compatible. The same results were obtained using the recommended k₀ factors, in order to obtain the activation cross section as input in concentration for the same reference material. Some applications in the health area aiming clinical evaluation in bone samples of medium and small-sized animals were performed and the viability of using this methodology was discussed.     

The NIMROC samples as reference materials for neutron activation analysis

The NIMROC reference materials NIM-D, NIM-G, NIM-L, NIM-N, NIM-P, and NIM-S and the precious metal ore PTO-1 have been analysed using thermal and epithermal methods of instrumental neutron activation. The abundances of 40 major, minor and trace elements are reported. The usefulness of the NIMROC reference materials is assessed in terms of the requirements of neutron activation techniques. Of the seven reference materials, NIM-L is the most useful geochemical material for activation analysis. It contains suitably high concentrations of most elements that can be determined. Inhomogeneity problems encountered in PTO-1 for some elements give emphasis to the difficulty of selecting suitable geological material for ultra-trace elements where small quantities of sample are used.     

Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis of twenty-six rice samples analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis and other techniques

As part of the ongoing work on the safety and security of foods grown locally and imported into Jamaica, twenty five rice brands available on the Jamaican market and one sample of locally grown brown rice were collected and analysed for 36 elements using a combination of instrumental neutron activation analysis, total reflection X-ray fluorescence, flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Quality control for each of the techniques was provided by analysis of reference materials and inter-comparisons of common elements. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis performed on the raw data set identified white, parboiled and brown rice as the major clusters. The element and cluster median concentration in μg/g (for polished, parboiled and brown respectively) for each of the three clusters were Al (8.7, 11.3, 14.9), As (0.20, 0.21, 0.15), Br (12.1, 0.9, 3.4), Ca (60.4, 409.1, 112.5), Co (0.1, 0.09, 0.11), Cr (0.11, 0.10, 0.11), Cs (0.012, 0.004, 0.018), Eu (0.004, 0.004, 0.003), Cu (2.2,2.7, 3.6), Fe (13, 17, 20), K (894,1,815,2,538), La (0.009, 0.014, 0.015), Mg (340, 504, 1,303), Mn (9.7, 14.9, 28.5), Mo (0.7, 1.1, 0.8), Na (5.1, 9.9, 16.9), P (936, 2,328, 3,670), Rb (4.5, 6.1, 7.3), S (1,088,1,308, 1,321), Sb (0.004, 0.006, 0.005), Sc (0.001, 0.002, 0.002), Se (0.09, 0.17, 0.16), Sm (0.001, 0.003, 0.001), Sr (2.0, 1.9, 2.9), V (0.036, 0.041, 0.058), Zn (17.9, 15.3, 22.8). The use of agglomerative hierarchical clustering has proven to be a rapid method for the analysis of the dataset, correctly clustering rice by process that is, polished, parboiled and brown, with sub-clusters that further identified location, cultivars and an adulterated sample. The data validated here has been used to estimate the elemental contribution of rice to the Jamaican diet.     

Collimated scanning for large sample neutron activation analysis of inhomogeneous samples

A technique was developed for the identification of inhomogeneities in activity distribution and the correction of their effect on the interpretation of gamma spectrometry data in Large Sample Neutron Activation Analysis. The method was based on collimated gamma scanning using a germanium detector to obtain the activity pattern in the bulk sample and Monte Carlo simulations in order to correct the experimental data for the effect of the inhomogeneous activity distribution. The method was experimentally evaluated in the case of a large cylindrical reference sample of 2 L in volume containing quartz as matrix material and a known source of radioactivity and an excellent agreement was observed. The discussed technique improves the trueness of quantitative analysis of large samples with inhomogeneous activity distribution.     

Feasibility studies of neutron activation analysis with kilogram-size samples

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) can now directly be applied to samples with masses in the kilogram range. It enables the analysis of material which is considered to be not representative at the scale of the traditional analytical portion, but representative at much larger scale. Large sample INAA (LS-INAA) circumpasses various problems associated with sample-size reduction and homogenization. Examples of feasibility studies are given as on construction waste, contaminated soil, harbour sediment and recyclable material. Also the economics of this method of analysis is discussed.