Power efficient and coordinated eICIC-CPC-ABS method for downlink in LTE-advanced heterogeneous networks

In 2020, mobile data traffic is expected to be a thousand times more than the current scenario. In order to handle this increased capacity, improvement in spectral efficiency is one of the challenging task. In long term evolution (LTE) and long term evolution advanced (LTE-A), deployment of small cell base station (SBS) and hotspot are step to handle the increased capacity of the network and quality of service. In this scenario, the SBSs are deployed under the coverage of macro cell base station (MBS). Neighbour MBS and neighbour SBS create intra and inter-cell interference to the users in the overlapped region. In order to mitigate interference, coordination between base stations is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced intercell interference coordination by considering centralized processing controller with almost blank subframe (eICIC-CPC-ABS) for heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Centralized processing controller (CPC) at MBS decides the radio resource allocation of each SBSs based on user location. The dynamic frequency and reduced transmission power depend on the user locations. The analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method (eICIC-CPC-ABS) provides higher signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) compared to existing models: inter cell interference coordination (ICIC) and enhanced inter cell interference coordination (eICIC). The proposed method provides significant savings in transmitting power. Additionally, it increases the network capacity and coverage.     

基于ARTS的傅里叶红外高光谱计算模型研究及其影响因素分析

在基于红外高光谱辐射数据进行大气遥感方面的研究中,准确模拟红外高光谱数据是很重要的一步。分析了红外高光谱辐射仪的测量原理,建立了基于Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Simulator(ARTS）的考虑仪器干涉图截断与离散化处理过程的正向模型。在该正向模型中,首先采用高光谱辐射传输模式ARTS模拟得到离散化理想光谱,通过逆傅里叶变换将理想光谱转化为干涉图,对干涉图加窗截断处理,模拟仪器响应函数对干涉图的影响,最后采用傅里叶变换得到仪器测量光谱。在这一过程中,窗口函数的选择取决于仪器的干涉图截断方式。未经过切趾处理的仪器,其对应的窗口函数为矩形窗口;经过切趾函数处理,可以减少干涉图截断造成的能量泄露现象。逆傅里叶变换与傅里叶变换过程中必须满足Nyquist采样定律。基于已建立的正向模型,模拟了Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI)在Southern Great Plains (SGP)站点的108组晴空辐射数据,并与AERI的实测结果进行比较分析,结果发现理想光谱与AERI实测光谱在吸收线上差异较大,最大残差达到35 mW·sr-1·m-2·(cm-1)-1（简称RU）以上,增加干涉图截断过程后,模拟光谱与实测光谱的最大残差减小到10 RU以内。截断过程的增加对模拟光谱的精度有明显提高,尤其在吸收线上,模拟光谱明显被平滑,模拟精度显著提高。进一步分析六种常用窗口函数截断处理的结果与AERI实测数据的残差,结果发现,模拟过程中选择窗口函数为矩形窗口时,模拟光谱与AERI实测数据残差最小,基本可以约束在5 RU以内,确定了AERI的干涉图截断方式可以近似看作矩形截断。另外,在理想光谱转换为干涉图的过程中,理想光谱分辨率的选择决定了干涉图信息的采样率以及ARTS的计算效率,因此综合考虑模型计算精度和模型计算效率,确定最佳的理想光谱分辨率对于提高模型计算效能是非常必要的;基于此,本文模拟了不同理想光谱分辨率下的仪器测量光谱,对比分析了模拟光谱与AERI实测光谱的残差分布,并讨论了光谱分辨率对模型计算耗时的影响。结果表明,对于AERI,在对应的正向模型中设置理想光谱分辨率为0.241 1 cm-1时,可在保证模型准确度的前提下,最大化模型计算效率。     

Interference suppression algorithm based R-TDD for multi-user MIMO heterogeneous network

Aiming at the problem of uplink co-channel interference in multi-user multi-input multi-output (MIMO) heterogeneous network, a reversed time division duplex (R-TDD)-based method is used to improve the performance of interference rejection combining (IRC) algorithm. This method overcomes the difficulty of IRC algorithm in obtaining the interference noise covariance matrix by utilizing the R-TDD transmission scheme. On the premise that the spectrum efficiency is guaranteed, through combining R-TDD with spatial modulation, the transmission complexity is significantly reduced and the uplink co-channel interference is effectively controlled, so as to improve the system performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the R-TDD-based scheme can improve the performance of IRC algorithm in terms of spectrum efficiency.     

强聚焦泵浦产生纠缠光子的Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉

(86.6±1.0)Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM)干涉是光子的一种非经典效应,在量子光学中起到重要作用.偏硼酸钡(β-barium borate, BBO)具有较高的非线性效率,常被用来产生双光子态,进而展示HOM干涉.然而,在以前的实验中,人们往往使用带通滤光片对双光子的频谱进行过滤,所得光谱由带通滤光片直接决定,而对BBO晶体自身的原始光谱,特别是泵浦光强聚焦下的原始光谱,缺乏系统性研究.本文对泵浦光强聚焦条件下BBO晶体产生的双光子纠缠态光谱分布和HOM干涉进行了深入研究.理论计算发现,使用50 mm透镜聚焦的情况和无聚焦情况相比,下转换光的光谱宽度会增加7.4倍, HOM干涉条纹的宽度会减少为无聚焦情况的1/8,干涉条纹可见度会从53.0%提高到98.7%.实验上使用II型BBO晶体制备了能量-时间纠缠态,并进行了HOM干涉,获得了%的干涉可见度.干涉可见度极大提高的原因在于强聚焦改善了光谱的对称性.此外,本文提出的不同入射角获得不同光谱分布的技术方案有望在未来应用于高维量子纠缠态的制备.     

Bit error rate evaluation of relay-aided cooperative NOMA with energy harvesting under imperfect SIC and CSI

In this paper, we investigate a decode-and-forward relay-assisted cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme, where the relay implements a time-switching (TS) based energy harvesting (EH). The impacts of the imperfect channel state information (CSI), inter-cell interference (ICI) and imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) are taken into account. We derive the end-to-end bit error rate (BER) expressions under imperfect CSI and ICI for both users. The effect of the EH parameters under the imperfect CSI on users’ BER performance is also examined. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of ICI on BER performance. Computer simulations are used for numerical analysis validation. The results reveal that the CSI deterioration reduces the SIC performance in each node despite the increase in EH parameters and causes an error floor at the higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Furthermore, the BER performance of the users increases by increasing the EH parameters. Also, the ICI affects the SIC and degrades the BER of users.     

Estimation of the background noise level with a horizontal array against spatially uncorrelated and structural interferences

A method of estimating the isotropic sea noise level with a horizontal array in the presence of uncorrelated interference and interference with a complex spatial structure is proposed and experimentally tested. The algorithm is based on the approximation of the Capon spatial spectrum of the received signal using a model Capon spectrum for the sum of isotropic noise and uncorrelated interference. A numerical simulation is carried out to study the dependence of the accuracy of the proposed method on the interference intensity, the distance from the array to the sources of structural interference, and the number of structural interference sources. It is shown that the use of the Capon spectrum provides a strong suppression of an intense structural interference source positioned near the array. The efficiency of the proposed method is confirmed experimentally.     

一种浅海声矢量场干涉结构提取方法

针对浅海Pekeris环境下声矢量场的干涉特征,基于简正波理论分析了在频率-距离域上声强谱、质点振速自谱、复声强谱和波阻抗谱干涉结构的形成机理,探讨了对干涉结构的波导不变量表征,并进行了宽带辐射声场干涉结构的海上测量试验。仿真研究和海试数据分析均表明,在频率-距离域上,上述4类物理量都会呈现稳定的、可用波导不变量β表征的干涉结构,而复声强独有的纯干涉分量更能体现波导的干涉效应。最后引入多尺度线性滤波器对海试实测LOFAR图进行处理,处理结果表明该滤波器可有效地增强干涉特征,更利于检测和提取干涉图案中的条纹信息。      

Acoustic sweep monitoring of background internal waves

The results of a theoretical consideration of fluctuations that occur in the frequency shifts of the interference pattern under the effect of background internal waves are presented. Possibilities of reconstructing the spectrum of vertical displacements of liquid layers from the measured spectrum of frequency deviations of a local interference peak are analyzed within the framework of a numerical experiment. Problems of stability and the efficiency of the proposed monitoring are discussed.     

基于连续光谱分析的在线水质检测信号处理研究

在线光谱水质检测仪器是现代水资源环境监测技术的重要发展方向之一,具有多参数监测和准确度高、重复性好的技术优势,然在线被测水样的光谱信号处理是其关键核心技术,为此,基于连续光谱分析,建立了在线被测水样光谱测量信号的数学模型,提出了基于双波长光强比值不变性的光谱测量信号系统误差处理方法,并结合小波多分辨率滤波噪声处理技术,系统研究了基于在线被测水质参数光谱特征的背景干扰处理方法。以上信号处理方法应用于自主研制的多参数光谱水质监测仪器,在线检测标准环境水样及实际环境水样中的化学需氧量、六价铬和阴离子表面活性剂等水质参数,并与国家标准分析方法展开了现场对比测试,仪器的关键参数重复性(相对标准偏差RSD≤10%)与准确度(实际水样比对试验相对误差A≤10%)均达到并优于国家环境保护技术标准要求,表明该信号处理方法能够有效消除在线水质检测光谱测量信号的系统误差及噪声与背景干扰,对于提升光谱水质监测仪器的技术性能具有重要的作用。     

法布里-珀罗标准具和共焦球面扫描干涉仪的调节

观察法布里—珀罗标准具和共焦球面扫描干涉仪在共焦前后的多光束干涉图像,根据干涉条纹的变化和干涉仪频谱信号强弱进行精确调焦的方法,提高了实验效率并且得到了较好的实验结果。     

浅海矢量声场干涉结构形成机理及试验研究

浅海低频声场的微观结构特征在于具有可用波导不变量表征的 稳定空间-频率干涉结构.声场兼具标量场和矢量场, 波导条件下二者联合决定声场的全部特性. 本文研究浅海声场空频干涉结构的矢量场特征. 理论分析了声压谱、动能密度谱、声强流谱等矢量场干涉结构的形成机理, 探讨了矢量场干涉结构的波导不变量表征, 数值仿真研究了Pekeris波导中能量和能流密度的干涉特性, 进行了宽带声源辐射矢量声场干涉特性及表征的海上试验.实测结果与理论、仿真分析有较好的一致性. 研究结果表明: 中近程和中远程声场均能模态相干, 有稳定的空频干涉结构, 并且矢量声场空频干涉结构存在多种形式, 除各种能量和能流密度谱图外, 相干系数谱也呈现干涉特征, 这些形式的空频干涉结构均可用波导不变量理论有效表征. 关键词： 矢量声场 干涉结构 波导不变量 浅海低频声场     

Coupled field induced conversion between destructive and constructive quantum interference

We study the control of quantum interference in a four-level atom driven by three coherent fields forming a closed loop. The spontaneous emission spectrum shows two sets of peaks which are dramatically influenced by the fields. Due to destructive quantum interference, a dark line can be observed in the emission spectrum, and the condition of the dark line is given. We found that the conversion between destructive and constructive quantum interference can be achieved through controlling the Rabi frequency of the external fields.     

研究干涉图处理与光谱复原的一种新方法

简要论述了自行研制的空间调制型偏振干涉成像光谱仪的工作原理及干涉图获取模式，采用三种不同的光谱复原方法分别对干涉图进行了处理和光谱复原，并对实验结果进行了分析比较.将非参数模型Music算法引进到干涉图的光谱复原处理中，极大的提高了复原光谱的分辨率，为超高分辨率的光谱复原分析技术提供了较好的数学模型，为提高光谱分辨率提供了可能的依据和新方法. 关键词： 空间调制 偏振干涉成像光谱技术 光谱复原 Music算法     

光源谱宽对法布里-珀罗干涉式光纤传感器工作灵敏度的影响

对干涉式光纤传感器来说,光源的谱宽直接影响着传感器的工作特性。从法布里—珀罗干涉式光纤传感器出发,推导其灵敏度的理论表达式,并用MathCAD软件进行了数学分析。讨论了光源谱宽对传感器灵敏度的影响。介绍了具有温度反馈功能的法布里—珀罗光纤干涉实验系统,给出了用该实验系统拍摄的谐振曲线照片。从该系统进行的两个重要的实验(不同干涉腔长的灵敏度对比实验和不同干涉长度的光源实验)表明,法布里—珀罗干涉式光纤传感器的灵敏度与光源谱宽的理论表达式是正确的,理沦公式与实验结论能很好地吻合。最后指出了该方法可以用于分析其他类型的干涉式光纤传感器的灵敏度问题,为光源的选择提供了参考。     

Method of acoustic sweep monitoring of oceanic inhomogeneities (Review)

Theoretical grounds of the new method of monitoring of the temporal variability of oceanic inhomogeneities, which uses the data on frequency shifts of interference maxima of the sound field, were described. The method is free of limitations on both the resolution of signals coming in individual modes (rays) and the adiabatic approximation underlying the conventional methods of inhomogeneity reconstruction. The monitoring sensitivity was estimated, which allows us to estimate minimum detectable changes in the speed of sound by measurement data on frequency shifts of local maxima. Experimental data on shifts of the frequency spectrum of a broadband low-frequency signal on a stationary path in a shallow sea were presented. On their basis, the possibility of applying this method to diagnose tidal variations was shown. Within a numerical simulation, model reconstruction of the frequency spectrum of background internal waves was considered on the basis of the data on measurements of the spectrum of frequency shifts of the interference maximum. The results of the spectrum reconstruction with and without focusing of the conjugate wave field are presented. The problems of monitoring stability and efficiency with respect to the interference pattern formed by various groups of modes were discussed.     

Isotropic averaging for cell-dynamical-system simulation of spinodal decomposition

Formulae have been developed for the isotropic averagings in two and three dimensions. Averagings are employed in the cell-dynamical-system simulation of spinodal decomposition for inter-cell coupling. The averagings used in earlier works on spinodal decomposition have been discussed.     

Power allocation for cognitive underlay networks with spectrum band selection

In this paper, we study the cooperative communication of a cognitive underlay network by utilizing the diversity of multiple spectrum bands. In particular, we assume that the transmission power of the secondary user (SU) is subject to different joint constraints, such as peak interference power of the multiple primary users (PUs), peak transmission power of the SU, outage tolerate interference, and outage probability threshold. Accordingly, two power allocation schemes are considered on the basis of the minimum interference channel from the SU to the PU and the channel state information of the primary user link. Furthermore, the SU can select one of the three transmission modes following the channel state conditions, namely as cellular, device-to-device, or switching mode, to transmit the signal to the secondary user receiver. Given this setting, two power allocation schemes over a spectrum band selection strategy are derived. In addition, closed-form expressions for the outage probability of three modes are also obtained to evaluate the performance of the secondary network. Most importantly, a closed-form expression for the peak interference power level of the PU, which is considered as one of the most important parameters to control the SU’s transmission power, is derived by investigating the relation of two considered power allocation schemes in the practise. Finally, numerical examples show that the outage performance of secondary network in the switching mode outperforms the one of the cellular and device-to-device (D2D) mode for all considered power allocation schemes.     

基于无机材料体系连续激光驱动的全光谱白光研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

全光谱白光具有和太阳光光谱接近的覆盖可见到红外连续波段的光谱特征,对光学研究具有重要意义。连续激光驱动光学活性材料的全光谱白光因其特殊的发光性能及高效的发光效率吸引了研究者广泛的研究兴趣。本文首先从有无激活中心角度对可产生全光谱白光的无机材料进行了分类总结。然后从光谱性能、温度性能及光电性能三个方面对无机材料体系中的全光谱白光的光物理过程进行了归纳分析,并对全光谱白光的应用做出了展望。最后对这一非线性光学效应的全光谱白光发光现象未来的研究方向及发展趋势进行了总结。     

压缩真空中的三能级原子的自发辐射

对压缩真空与Ｖ型三能级原子的相互作用作了理论分析,探讨了量子干涉效应对压缩真空中原子自发辐射的影响。当原子的上能级简并时强的量子干涉效应影响原子的定态和定态出射光谱,使它们对原子的初态敏感。这种情况下,压缩使谱线趋于关于压缩真空中心频率对称,量子干涉使谱线趋于不对称。     

目标自辐射与干扰目标反射光谱的氧气吸收特性分析

为分析不同目标反射太阳光谱的特性,研究被动测距中抑制干扰目标的方法,利用高光谱成像光谱仪作为测量设备,200 W卤钨灯作为模拟探测目标,玻璃板、光滑铝板、塑料板作为干扰目标,对模拟目标发射光谱和干扰目标反射太阳光谱进行了实验采集与分析。实验采集了晴朗天气条件下干扰目标反射光谱及卤钨灯目标辐射光谱的信息,并对其氧气吸收率进行了计算,综合分析了镜面反射干扰目标、漫反射目标及背景反射光与卤钨灯发射光光谱的氧气吸收率差异,结果表明:在455m处,镜面反射目标和漫反射目标反射光的氧气吸收率是卤钨灯的2~3倍。因此,在一定距离下可以利用氧气吸收率的差异设置阈值来对目标进行判别,提高探测概率。