同步辐射X射线磁二色性在自旋电子学研究中的应用

文章对同步辐射X射线磁圆二色谱和X射线磁线二色谱的独特优点进行了综合分析,并通过一些典型应用实例说明同步辐射磁性测量技术具有元素分辨能力、高灵敏度、纳米量级空间分辨能力和皮秒量级时间分辨能力,并可用于测量铁磁性和反铁磁性,因而在自旋电子学材料和器件研究领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

X光磁圆二色谱及其应用

介绍了一种新近发展起来的、以同步辐射技术为基础的磁学测量方法———Ｘ光磁圆二色谱．该方法不仅具有元素分辨和空间分辨等突出优点，而且在一些场合下还能分别确定轨道磁矩和自旋磁矩对总磁矩的贡献，为当今非常活跃的磁性薄膜和多层膜研究提供了有力的手段．     

X射线磁圆二色谱

 同步辐射真不愧为优秀的新一代光源。它的出现和不断发展,极大地促进了很多新的实验研究工作的开展。它具有频率范围宽、高强度、极好的准直性、偏振性以及包含时间结构等优良特性,如果没有同步辐射,很多实验都将无法进行。因此,它对很多学科的发展起着很大的推动作用。本文将要介绍的X射线磁圆二色谱就是利用同步辐射研究磁性材料,特别是磁性薄膜和多层膜磁性新的、有力的研究手段。通过测定材料中某一组元的X射线磁圆二色谱,可以获得该组元的自旋磁矩、轨道磁矩、电荷密度分布以及它们的磁各向异性等信息,其中有些是传统的磁测量方法无法获得的。     

CCD X射线探测器及其在同步辐射中的应用

ＣＣＤ陈列Ｘ射线探测器人有大的动态范围，灵活的数据读出和存贮方式，好的时间分辨率等特点，在Ｘ射线成像领域，尤其在高亮度同步辐射实验技术中显示出广阔的应用前景。文章主要介绍电荷耦合器件的工作原理，ＣＣＤ Ｘ射线探测器的发展动态，性能及其应用。     

高压下的同步辐射X射线衍射研究

本文概要介绍了利用同步辐射Ｘ射线光源进行高压Ｘ射线衍射研究的现状及某些发展趋势．对金刚石压砧作为高压ｘ射线衍射的主要研究工具也作了介绍．本文还介绍了作者近年来在国外参加的百万大气压下的ｘ射线衍射研究中所取得的新进展．     

同步辐射X射线衍射技术

 X射线跟我们眼睛感觉到的可见光一样都是电磁波,但X射线的波长要小得多.我们常说的X射线的波长在0.1埃至10埃之间。而物质的原子或分子的空间排列也在这个尺度范围中.每个原子或分子是一个对波的散射体,根据波的衍射原理,如果物质的原子或分子的空间排列有一定的周期性,则X射线会在物质中产生衍射现象.如果我们收集衍射信号并加予分析,就可以揭示晶体内的原子和分子的空间排列状况.X射线衍射技术正是这样一门科学技术,它在物理学、材料科学、化学、生物学等众多的领域中有着广泛的应用.     

合肥同步辐射软X射线显微术研究

合肥国家同步辐射实验室首期建设的光束线之一用于软Ｘ射线显微成像研究。实验站现已装置初型的扫描透射Ｘ射线显微镜，并正在进行亲一代的扫描显微建设，同时还使同步辐射光进行接触软Ｘ射线呈微成像研究，并对选取的一些生物样品进行了成像试验。本文介绍了合肥同步辐射光源上软Ｘ射线显微术实验线站的建设及完成的一些实验结果。     

同步辐射X射线相衬显微CT在古生物学中的应用

X射线无损成像技术在古生物化石标本研究领域中应用十分广泛.近几年来,随着技术的不断革新,同步辐射X射线相衬显微断层成像技术(SRX-PC-μCT)也被引入到这一领域.由于同步辐射光源产生的硬X射线具有高亮度、高准直性和高空间相干性等优点,可以实现化石标本高分辨率(亚微米级)的无损三维显微成像,给古生物学的发展带来了新的机遇.文章简要回顾了用于古生物化石标本无损成像技术的发展历程,并在此基础L综述了同步辐射X射线断层显微成像技术在古生物学领域的应用现状和前景.     

同步辐射X射线衍射技术

 3.微晶X射线衍射技术顾名思义,微晶X射线衍射技术是一种应用于研究微小晶体的结构的衍射技术.这里的微晶有两种含义:其一是微小的单晶体,它们的尺寸在亚毫米以下;其二是样品是多晶的,但其总体积很小,也在亚毫米以下.在很多情况下,我们很难得到较大而完美的单晶体.况且,有些单晶体如某些生物单晶体本来体积就很小.     

Transmission X-ray microscopy using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (X-MCD) was used as a large, element-specific and quantitative magnetic contrast mechanism in the soft X-ray microscopes at BESSY I (Berlin) and the ALS (Berkeley). The present state and potential of magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy (MTXM) is outlined. The possibility to record images in varying magnetic fields and the high spatial resolution down to 25 nm were used to image out-of-plane magnetized (4 ?Fe / 4 ?Gd)×75 systems. Magnetic domains could be studied in arrays of circular and square dots with lateral dimensions down to 180 nm. Hysteresis loops of individual dots were deduced using the direct proportionality of the X-MCD contrast to the sample magnetization. Images of a 3 nmCr / 50 nmFe / 6 nmCr film demonstrate for the first time that MTXM is also able to observe in-plane magnetized domains. In the future the possible applications of MTXM will be extended with regard to the strength of the external field, the available energy range and the sample conditions by building a dedicated transmission X-ray microscope for magnetic imaging at BESSY II. Received: 22 May 2001 / Accepted: 4 July 2001 / Published online: 5 October 2001     

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism involving valence states

Accepted: 6 March 1997     

Soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism of Cr-doped GaN

Soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) have been measured for the Ga_0.97Cr_0.03N film grown by NH₃-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Temperature dependence of the XMCD intensity was well described by the Curie–Weiss law. Although the sample showed ferromagnetic behavior at least up to room temperature, the ferromagnetic component could not be detected by the XMCD measurement.     

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism imaging with hard X-rays

X-ray polarization-contrast images resulting from X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) in the hard X-ray region have been successfully recorded for the first time. The apparatus used consisted of an X-ray polarizer, double X-ray phase retarders, and a high-spatial-resolution X-ray charge-coupled-device detector. The sample used was a hexagonal-close-packed cobalt polycrystal foil having a thickness of about 4 microns. The X-ray polarization-contrast image resulting from XMCD was observed at a photon energy of 10 eV above the cobalt K-absorption edge (7709 eV). The observed contrast in the image was reversed by inversion of the magnetic field. Furthermore, the contrast was reversed again at a photon energy of 32 eV above the cobalt K-absorption edge.     

Imaging of magnetic domains with the X-ray microscope at BESSY using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (X-MCD), i.e. the change of the absorption of circular polarized Xrays for reversed sample magnetization amounts at the L_{2, 3}-edges of 3d transition metals up to 50% percent. This can be used to obtain in energy-dispersive X-ray imaging techniques a considerable, element-specific magnetic contrast. On the other hand, with the transmission X-ray microscope (TXM) based on the zone-plate technique spatial resolutions of 30nm can be achieved. In this communication it is shown for the first time that the combination of the TXM with XMCD provides a huge contrast and is therefore a powerful new method to visualize in a quantitative and elementspecific manner magnetic domains. Using soft X-rays with a wavelength of 1:7nm corresponding to the energy of the Fe L₃-edge the variation of the shape and magnetization of domains in a magneto-optical GdFe layer system was studied with a lateral resolution of 60nm.