荞麦花多糖的提取及含量测定

采用热水提取、乙醇沉淀的方法从荞麦花中提取出了水溶性多糖,采用硫酸-苯酚法在波长为497nm处进行了糖含量的测定,求得其校准曲线的回归方程为y=0.00508x 0.0294,相关系数为r=0.9978.平均回收率为99%-103%,RSD为0.74%.结果显示:荞麦花多糖的产率为2.5%.糖含量为41.63%.     

蒙药嘎日迪-15中多糖的研究

用热水提取蒙药嘎日迪-15中水溶性多糖,经SephadexC-25进行提纯精制得纯糖,采用硫酸-苯酚法测定了其水溶性多糖含量。方法的平均回收率为100.50%,RSD为0.82%。用GC测定了蒙药嘎日迪-15中水溶性多糖主要由木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖组成,其摩尔比为1.03∶1.26∶0.77∶2.30 。用溴化钾压片法测得的红外谱图显示多糖的特征吸收峰为3 417.46,2 928.65,1 742.86,1 643.69,1 149.78, 1 078.19, 1 022.56,834.57 cm-1,其中1 078.19和1 022.56 cm-1为吡喃糖特征峰,834.57 cm-1是α-吡喃糖苷键的特征吸收峰。紫外谱图在280 nm处有明显的糖吸收峰,说明有CO键存在。     

蒙成药敖西根多糖的提取及含量测定

本文用热水提取了蒙成药敖西根中水溶性多糖,并用硫酸-苯酚法在波长为490nm处测定敖西根中多糖的含量,求得其标准曲线的回归方程为A=0.0140C-0.1500,r=0.9992,粗多糖产率为14.28%,平均回收率为99.8%,RSD 0.86%,糖含量为89.2%.     

7种常见食用菌中多糖的提取和测定

采用热水提取、乙醇沉淀的方法从7种食用菌中提取出了水溶性多糖,采用蒽酮-硫酸法在波长620nm处进行了糖含量的测定,求得其校准曲线的回归方程为y=0.0094x+0.0057,相关系数r为0.9998。平均回收率为98.3%—102.7%,RSD为2.1%—3.2%。结果显示粗多糖的提取率为4.44%—16.75%,多糖含量为3.48%—6.91%。     

蒙成药如达多糖的研究

从蒙成药如达中提取水溶性多糖,硫酸-苯酚法测定其含量。平均回收率为99.8%,RSD为0.94%。GC测定了水溶性多糖的组成为葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖。其摩尔比为:6.33:3.25:1.59。     

蒙成药哈日阿布日-16中多糖的组分和糖含量研究

介绍了提取哈日阿布日-16中水溶性多糖的方法,并用硫酸-苯酚法测定了该药中水溶性多糖的含量。平均回收率为101.1%,RSD为0.94%。用GC测定了哈日阿布日-16中水溶性多糖由岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖等组成。它们的摩尔比为：0.57∶6.67∶0.46∶6.61∶2.47∶4.80。     

灵芝多糖结构及其组成研究

采用沸水回流法从赤灵芝子实体中提取多糖,经Sevage法除蛋白,乙醇沉淀,离心、流水透析、浓缩、冻干后得灵芝多糖,单糖经乙酰化处理进行外标法定量,并利用苯酚-硫酸法、紫外、红外及X衍射光谱法、凝胶分子排阻色谱-蒸发散射检测器法、气相和气质谱色谱法进行多糖组分、含量、结构和分子量分析研究,结果表明： 灵芝多糖为米黄色,得率为2%左右,其含量≥43%,红外光谱显示灵芝多糖结构主要为β-糖甘键连接的吡喃型葡聚糖,其多糖的主要单糖组分为葡萄糖,含量为89%左右,并含有其他少量的单糖组分D-阿拉伯糖、D-木糖、D-甘露糖、D-半乳糖。其多糖主要为同均糖,多糖为非晶型结构,分子量主要分布在8×104～2×105之间,分子质量主要为2×105的生物大分子。     

蒙药阿嘎如-8中多糖的研究

介绍了提取阿嘎如-8中水溶性多糖的方法,并用硫酸-苯酚法测定了阿嘎如-8的水溶性多糖含量。平均回收率为101.80%, RSD为0.92%。用GC测定了阿嘎如-8中水溶性多糖由阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖等组成。它们的摩尔比为：0.40∶0.10∶5.67∶22.78。研究了它们的红外及紫外谱图。     

蒙药呼和嘎日迪-9多糖的提取与含量测定

采用热水提取-乙醇沉淀的方法从蒙药呼和嘎日迪-9中提取多糖,分光光度法测定糖含量,求得校准曲线的回归方程为y=0.00656x＋0.324,相关系数为r=0.9994,平均回收率为101.2%,RSD=0.90%（n=5）。     

蒙药阿木日-6多糖的提取与含量测定

本文采用热水提取-乙醇沉淀的方法从蒙药阿木日-6中提取多糖,采用硫酸-苯酚法进行了糖含量的测定,求得其回归方程为y=0.00745x 0.2172,相关系数为r=0.9991,平均回收率为102.1%,RSD=0.84%(n=5).     

超声波强化提取对茯苓水溶性多糖结构影响的研究

以茯苓菌核为原料,采用正交实验法确定超声波辅助热水浸提茯苓水溶性多糖的最佳提取条件,并对超声波辅助提取中药多糖的机理进行初步研究。用苯酚硫酸法测定糖含量,傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析糖类官能团,气相色谱法测定单糖组成,原子力显微镜观察多糖结构,并将测定结果与传统热水法浸提所得茯苓多糖进行对比。实验结果表明:采用超声波辅助热水浸提可以使水溶性茯苓多糖的提取率达到2.71%(传统热水浸提法提取率为1.49%),传统热水浸提得茯苓多糖(PPTH)与超声波辅助热水浸提得茯苓多糖(PPUH)具有相同的单糖组成,都包含核糖、木糖、甘露糖、果糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖,二者的红外吸收谱也基本相同,原子力显微镜扫描分析显示,PPTH整体呈现网状结构,而PPUH主要以长短不一的近棒状结构存在。     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides from the roots of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.)

The insoluble plant residues, obtained after preparation of medicinal tinctures from the roots of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) by classical and ultrasound-assisted extraction with aqueous ethanol in a pilot plant, were subsequently treated with hot water to isolate the accessible polysaccharide cell wall components. At almost equal amounts of the hot-water extractable material, the yields of the recovered polysaccharides were lower in the ultrasonical experiment. This is due to the fact that a part of accessible polysaccharides were already solubilised by the aqueous ethanol and recoverable from the medicinal tincture. Therefore, the net yield of extracted polysaccharides was enhanced in the ultrasonical procedure. This fact as well as the sugar composition and structural features of the isolated polysaccharides suggest that ultrasonication have attacked the integrity of cell walls, released and degraded its most accessible polysaccharides (pectic polysaccharides and starch) and increased also the extractibility of its less accessible components--xylan, mannan and glucan. The water-soluble polysaccharide fractions from both the conventional and ultrasonical experiments exhibit significant immunostimulatory activities in mitogenic and comitogenic thymocyte tests.     

Comparison of classical and ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Salvia officinalis L

After preparation of medicine tinctures from the herbal plant Salvia officinalis by classical and ultrasound-assisted extraction with aqueous ethanol, the insoluble plant residues were subsequently treated with hot water and dilute alkali to isolate polysaccharide cell wall components. The yields of the hot water extract as well as total extracted polysaccharides were higher in the case of the ultrasound-treated plant in both laboratory and pilot plant experiments. The water-extractable polysaccharide fractions, in all cases, contained glucose, galactose and arabinose as main sugar components, whereas the alkali-extractable fractions were rich in xylans. The fractions also contained considerable amounts of proteins. The water-soluble polysaccharides may contribute to the biological activity of the plant decoction. The results indicate that the addition of a subsequent extraction step during the preparation of the herbal tincture might contribute to a better exploitation of the raw material.     

南瓜多糖的性质及光谱分析

采用热水浸提和乙醇沉淀的方法提取南瓜多糖,Sevage法除蛋白,活性炭脱色,对南瓜多糖的理化性质、提取率、含量、组成和结构进行了研究,南瓜多糖呈灰白色粉末,溶于水,不溶于有机溶剂。碘-碘化钾反应呈阴性,说明提取物为非淀粉性多糖。提取率5.34%,总糖含量为97.93%,紫外光谱扫描结果表明南瓜多糖几乎不含核酸和蛋白质;红外吸收光谱检测表明,在3433、2949、1749、1612、1416、1333、1238、1147、1101、1018、833、763、637、536、427cm^-1处表现为典型的多糖特征吸收峰;南瓜多糖是一种酸性多糖,同时存在呋喃环和吡喃环,该多糖是以α型糖苷键相连结的杂多糖。     

半叶马尾藻多糖的提取和分析

采用热水浸提法提取半叶马尾藻多糖 [Sargassumhemiphyllum (Turner)C Ag polysaccharides ,SHP],并对其理化性质、提取率、含量、组成和性质进行了研究。SHP呈灰白色粉末状 ,溶于水 ,不溶于有机溶剂。碘 碘化钾反应呈阴性 ,说明提取物为非淀粉性多糖。提取率为 7 0 4 % ,总糖含量为 82 9%。紫外扫描结果表明多糖几乎不含核酸和蛋白质。红外光谱显示SHP主要为吡喃多糖 ,并显示多糖分子结构中存在 β 糖苷键。薄层层析结果提示该多糖可能为木聚糖。上述结果不仅说明该方法提取的物质是多糖 ,而且纯度好 ,提取效率高。     

南北五味子多糖的提取及清除自由基作用的对比分析

采用水提醇沉法提取五味子中多糖并用分光光度法在620nm波长下测定药物中总多糖的含量,并采用可见分光光度法测定其清除自由基的活力,对比分析南北五味子中多糖与清除自由基作用的相关性.结果显示,五味子中含有丰富的多糖,南北五味子多糖和清除自由基作用存在差异(P＜0.05).测定结果为分析中药抗衰老的药效提供参考资料.     

Sonication of chitin-glucan, preparation of water-soluble fractions and characterization by HPLC

A water-insoluble chitin-glucan complex, isolated from the mycelium of Aspergillus niger, was swollen in various aqueous media and treated subsequently by high-energy sonication. The concentration of the resulting water-soluble polysaccharide fractions was dependent on the swelling medium, the amount of the chitin-glucan complex in the suspension, and on the time of sonication. The yields of water-soluble chitin-glucan were within the range 13.6 to 24.4% relative to the mass of the original chitin-glucan. The nitrogen content obtained for the samples of water-soluble chitin-glucan indicated a higher content of chitin (3.45% of nitrogen in high-molecular fraction) than in the original water-insoluble chitin-glucan sample (1.8%). The distribution of the molecular weights of the water-soluble fractions prepared was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.