重离子熔合反应与双核模型

简单介绍了兰州-北京-吉森合作组对合成超重核的重离子反应进行的初步研究。研究的重点是熔合阶段的反应机制。在原有双核模型的基础上做了一些改进,把耗散相对运动过程与核子转移过程耦合起来,从更微观的角度来描写双核系统向全熔合复合核的演化。在双核过程中的每一步求解主方程,不对驱动势做谐振子近似。同时,还探讨了原子核形变与相对取向对驱动势的影响,存活几率与复合核蒸发中子的奇偶效应,以及入射道中原子核非弹性激发对俘获截面的影响等。In recent years, the Lanzou-Beijing-Giessen collaboration has studied the heavy ion reactions which are lead to the formation of super-heavy nuclei. The study emphases the mechanism of the fusion stage of the reactions. Based on the so called Di-nuclear System Model, some improvements have been made. The main points are the coupling of the dissipation of relative motion energy, angular momentum with nucleon transfer, and solving the Master equation in every step of the nucleon transfer with exact driving potentials, in order to describe the evolution of the system more microscopically. At the same time, we also discussed the effects of nuclear deformation and their relative orientation on the driving potentials, and studied the survive probability of the compound nuclei and its old-even effects, as well as the influence of inelastic excitations of nuclei in entrance channels to the capture cross sections.     

重离子碰撞中超重核的形成机制(英文)

在双核模型框架下,用数值解主方程方法计算了超重核的熔合几率。 明确描述了包含能量、角动量和碎片形变弛豫的相对运动,并与核子扩散过程相耦合。因此,用微观方法推导出的核子跃迁几率是与时间相关的。所计算的以Pb为靶的冷熔合超重核形成截面和以48Ca为弹核的热熔合超重核形成激发函数与已知的实验值在合理的范围内符合。In the dinuclear system conception, the master equation is solved numerically to calculate the fusion probabilities of super heavy nuclei. The relative motion concerning the energy, the angular momentum and the fragment deformation relaxations is explicitly treated to couple with the diffusion process. The nucleon transition probabilities, which are derived microscopically, are related with the energy dissipation of the relative motion, thus they are time dependent. The formation cross sections of the super heavy nuclei from Pb based cold fusion and excitation functions from 48Ca induced hot fusion are reasonably consistent with known experimental data.     

重离子反应中质子与中子转移对超重元素合成的影响

研究了采用类弹碎片质量数为变量的一维(1D)主方程(ME)描述重离子熔合反应时的受限制条件, 建立了以类弹碎片中子和质子数为独立变量的二维(2D) ME, 并采用分步差分格式法数值解(2D) ME得到了熔合几率。 新的方法适用于研究任何弹靶组合系统, 给出了与实验符合更好的结果, 为寻求合成超重核的反应道提供了更为宽阔的选择空间。 同时也研究了弹靶的不同同位旋组合对复合核形成截面的影响。 The limitation of the one dimensional master equation with the mass number of project like fragment as the variable is discussed. A two dimensional master equation with neutron and proton numbers of the project like fragment as variables is set up, and solved numerically by means of a two step difference scheme to obtain fusion probability. The new equation is suitable for studying fusion reactions with any projectile target combination, and can better fit the experimental data, so that it can provide a large probability to choose the reaction system for synthesizing a certain superheavy nucleus. The influence of projectile target combinations with different isospins on the cross sections of compound nuclei is studied.     

非全熔合反应裂变角分布

采用核固体径迹探测器测量了¹⁶O+¹⁵⁹Tb、¹⁶O+¹⁹⁷)Au和¹⁶O+²⁰⁹Bi反应碎片角分布,扣除中等质量碎片(IMF)的贡献,用过渡态统计模型(TSM)和单个自旋标准理论拟合实验的裂变角分布,提取裂变核的自旋. 讨论了它随质心系入射能量的变化.     

重离子熔合反应形成超重核的截面研究

在双核系统框架下,通过数值法解主方程计算了双核间的核子跃迁全熔合几率.两碰撞核内部激发能由相对运动能损提供,因此能够将核子转移过程与相对运动耦合起来.对一些以Pb为靶的形成超重核的冷熔合反应,计算了最佳激发能、形成双核系统的俘获截面、复合核形成几率及存活几率等,所得到的形成超重核蒸发剩余截面与已知实验值符合较好. In the concept of Dinuclear system (DNS) the complete fusion probability of two touch nuclei via nucleon transfer is described by numerically solving the Master equation. The excitation energy of two colliding nuclei is supplied by the energy dissipation of their relative motion, thus the nucleon transfer process and the relative motion are coupled. For Pb based cold fusion reactions to form super heavy nuclei, the optimal excitation energy, the capture cross section to form a DNS ...     

双核系统核子转移驱动势与复合核的最佳激发能

计算了以208Pb为靶的一系列重离子熔合反应双核系统核子转移驱动势.它制约由输运方程所支配的核子转移速率,因而确定了双核系统形成复合核的几率.并由此可确定形成复合核所必须的最低激发能,即形成最稳定复合核的最佳激发能,得到了与已知实验值基本符合的结果. Particle transfer driven potentials in Di nuclear System (DNS) in heavy ion collisions based on 208Pb target are calculated. The driven potential controls the particle transfer velocity in the process governed by the diffusion equation, and as a consequence determines the compound nuclear formation probability of DNS. The minimum excitation energy to form a compound nucleus, which is the optimum excitation energy to form the most stable compound nucleus, has been calculated, and the results are basica...     

重离子熔合反应的相互作用势

运用Skyrme势及快过程近似与绝热过程近似两种极限,计算了几组重离子之间的相互作用势,应用此相互作用势计算了熔合反应截面,与实验结果进行了比较.     

重离子熔合反应中的静态核-核势

综述了基于改进的量子分子动力学模型对超重核合成中入射道静态势的研究,重点从静态势垒高及其与质量不对称度的关系说明弹靶组合不对称有利于熔合反应的发生,而接触点驱动势最大所对应的弹靶组合为合成超重元素的最佳选择。     

Ion Mobility Measurements and Ion Chemical Reaction Studies at Heavy Elements in a Buffer Gas Cell

Drift time measurements of ions in a buffer gas cell filled with argon have been performed from which changes of the ion mobility and ionic radii for various heavy elements and their compounds were determined. The ionic radius of americium shrinks by (3.1 1.3)% with respect to that of plutonium, and an increase of the radius by (28 2)% of plutonium oxide with respect to plutonium was found. Ion chemical reactions of erbium ions were studied online in an argon buffer gas cell to which the reaction gases oxygen (O) and methane (CH) were added. The erbium ions were implanted into the buffer gas cell with an energy of 50 MeV. The online measured reaction constant = (3.2 0.4) 10 cm/(molecule s) for the reaction Er + O ErO + O agrees with a reference measurement = (3.6 0.4) 10 cm/(molecule s), performed with a Fourier-Transform-Mass-Spectrometer.     

重离子反应中的集体转动效应及反应特征

研究了重离子反应中的集体转动效应及反应特征.给出了反应最大碰撞参数、碰撞中心度、平均集体转动能以及转动角速度等表征反应特征的物理量.对10.6MeV/u ⁸⁴Kr+²⁷Al→¹¹¹In裂变反应研究表明,该反应具有高的碰撞中心度,集体转动能约占总激发能的1/3,系统在裂变前转动了约8.8圈.     

中能核反应中反应平面的确定

介绍并分析了中高能核反应过程中与反应平面相关的可观测量 ,以及确定核反应平面的各种方法 .这些方法包括裂变碎片方位角测量、类弹碎片测量、动量流球形张量、横向动量的方向性、方位角关联和Fourier谐波分析等 . Observables that related to the nuclear reaction plane in intermediate and relativistic energy heavy ion reactions are discussed. Reaction plane determination for intermediate and relativistic energy heavy ion reactions is presented. The methods include fission fragments measurement, projectile-like fragments measurement, kinetic flow-tensor, transverse momentum directivity, azimuthal correlation, Fourier series and etc.     

一套用于重离子耗散反应测量的电离室望远镜

重离子耗散反应需要鉴别产物的电荷数Z,为此,研制了一套ΔE-E望远镜.ΔE由两个串接在一起的气体电离室ΔE₁和ΔE₂组成,位置灵敏硅半导体测量粒子的剩余能量E.被探测粒子的轨迹与电离室的电场方向平行.该望远镜具有很低的能量探测阈,较小的外尺寸和强的抗电磁干扰能力.重离子耗散反应¹⁹F+²⁷Al产物的激发函数实验测量表明,该望远镜的电荷分辨Z/ΔZ约为30.     

中能重离子碎裂反应的同位旋效应及其消失

用修正的统计擦去模型计算了中能重离子碎裂反应产生的同位素分布的同位旋效应,发现随着(Z_proj–Z)/Z_proj的增大,碎裂反应的同位旋效应将逐渐减小直到消失.同时,研究表明碎裂反应的同位旋效应的消失主要是由擦去阶段的几何效应和随后的蒸发效应导致的.     

相对论重离子碰撞中的重味产生

重味粒子是新的物质形态——夸克胶子等离子体的敏感探针。 利用相对论流体力学描述夸克胶子等离子体的时空演化, 采用输运方程模拟重味粒子在夸克胶子等离子体中的运动, 既考虑重味粒子的热胶子离解, 也通过细致平衡原理包含重味粒子在热密媒质中的重产生。 正是由于离解与重产生之间的竞争以及竞争对于碰撞能量、 横动量和快度的依赖性, 自然解释了在RHIC能区的J/ψ疑难, 预言了在LHC能区由于重产生取得主导地位, J/ψ的核修正因子在中心和半中心碰撞中将随着参与反应核子数的增大而升高, 同时其平均横动量会受到强烈的压低。 Heavy quarkonium is a sensitive signature of the new state of matter-quark gluon plasma produced in high energy nuclear collisions. We describe the space time evolution of the quark gluon plasma by relativistic hydrodynamic equations and the quarkonium motion by transport equation. We found that the competition between the gluon dissociation and regeneration can explain naturally the J/ψ puzzles at RHIC energy. We predict the increase of the nuclear modification factor in semi central and central collisions and the related transverse momentum suppression at LHC energy.     

重离子的束内散射

本文在Bjorken和Mtingwa束内散射理论的基础上进一步推导出了束内散射率的普遍表达式,并将该表达式应用于HIRFL—CSR的磁铁结构(lattice),计算并得到了束流横向发射度和纵向动量散度随时间变化的规律,结果表明,束内散射不会成为CSRlattice设计的障碍.     

重离子碰撞中的介子——兰州重离子冷却储存环上可能实验的讨论

讨论了在兰州重离子加速装置冷却储存环上开展介子产生的实验研究的可能性和进行π和η介子产生研究的意义在 ＣＳＲ能量区域内, 核子可以激发为Δ和 Ｎ,因此, 在研究热密核物质的状态方程时, 考虑Δ和Ｎ自由度是重要的． 观察重离子碰撞中产生的介子可以提供热密核物质的状态方程, 从而可以提供核内物质分布以及 Ｎ在核物质中传播的信息． 建议建造一个测量介子的实验装置, 以开展该领域的研究.The possibilities for experimental study of meson production at Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) of Lanzhou are discussed. It is shown that the study of production of the pion and eta mesons at CSR is of significance. Nucleon can be excited to Δ and N * at CSR energy region. Therefore, it is important to consider the degree of Δ and N * in the study of the equation of states of hot and dense matter. The produced mesons in heavy ion collisions can provide information on...     

兰州重离子冷却储存环工程

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环是兰州重离子研究装置的后续工程 .它的建造目的是将重离子束的能量提高到 1 Ge V/u附近 ,同时利用储存环电子冷却技术将束流品质提高一个数量级 ,并提供更多种类的重离子束 ,以开展更广范围和更高精度的物理实验 .兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环是一个双储存环系统 ,由一个主环和一个实验环构成 .对其总体布局、总体参数、主要功能进行了介绍. HIRFL- CSR, a new accelerator project at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), is a multipurpose Cooling Storage Ring system which consists of a main ring (CSRm) and an experimental ring (CSRe). Beams from HIRFL will be accumulated and accelerated in CSRm, and then transported to CSRe for internal target experiments. The layout, major parameters and main functions of the CSR were described.