Solvent extraction of Sb(III) with malachite green into chloroform

A rapid and selective method for the solvent extraction of Sb(III) using malachite green (C. I. Basic green 4) has been described. Effect of different parameters affecting the extraction coefficient value of Sb(III) such as acidity, time of equilibration, KI concentration, solvents, anions, etc. has been studied. For various elements the separation factor has been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the extracted species has been determined by the method of substoichiometric extraction. The decontamination factor for some elements using substoichiometric quantities of the extracting agent has been evaluated. Radiotracers were employed for the extraction studies. The method elaborated has been employed for the quantitative determination of antimony in normal, benign and cancerous tissues of the human brain.     

对络合返滴定过程的理论探讨

推导了络合返滴定曲线方程 ,绘制了络合返滴定曲线和计算了pN突跃。并利用双曲正弦函数的性质 ,提出了内含最大敏锐指数的络合返滴定误差计算公式 ,从而获得了计算络合返滴定pN突跃范围的公式。     

Ethanol loading in an inductively coupled plasma

Changes to the fundamental and analytical parameters of a plasma have been investigated when ethanol has been added to aqueous or organic solutions. Excitation temperature, electron number density, and intensity of the H(alpha) line increased when ethanol has been added to aqueous solutions, while an electron density decrease and signal reduction have been found when ethanol has been added to xylene. The sensitivity has been improved for all ethanol concentrations when water has been the solvent, but the reverse has been found for xylene solutions.     

Viscoelastic response of elastomers in large deformations

A simple nonlinear theory of viscoelasticity has been developed for application to elastomers. The interpretation of nonlinear viscoelastic responses based on Gibbs-DiMarzio theory has been identified at a molecular level and hence structural understanding has been established. The introduced model is applied to strain imposed conditions. From this, a relaxation process has been revealed for the resultant stress, where a dependence of relaxation time on the state of strain has been established.     

Fixed-bed adsorption of carbon dioxide/methane mixtures on silicalite pellets

The adsorption of carbon dioxide and methane on silicalite pellets packed on a fixed bed has been studied. Equilibrium and kinetic measurements of the adsorption of carbon dioxide and methane have been performed, and a binary adsorption isotherm for carbon dioxide/methane mixtures has been obtained. A model based on the LDF approximation for the mass transfer has been used to describe the breakthrough curves obtained experimentally. A PSA cycle has been proposed for obtaining methane with purity higher than 98% from carbon dioxide/methane mixtures containing 38% and 50% methane, and its performance has been simulated using the proposed model. The simulation results show that silicalite can be a suitable adsorbent for employment in a PSA separation process for carbon dioxide removal from coalseam and landfill gases.     

Synthetic,kinetic and analytical studies on titanium (IV) arsenosilicate ion exchanger: Separation of lead from its synthetic alloys

Titanium (IV) arsenosilicate has been synthesized as a new cation exchanger and has been characterized on the basis of its chemical composition, ion-exchange behaviour, pH titrations, TGA, IR and X-ray studies. On the basis of the distribution studies, the exchanger was found to be highly selective for lead and, hence, has been used for the separation of this metal ion from some synthetic lead alloys. A kinetic study has also been conducted for the exchange of some heavy pollutants.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the production of higher olefins from stearic acid in the presence of an alumina-supported nickel sulfide catalyst

A nickel sulfide catalyst which efficient in the decarbonylation of fatty acids to olefins and dienes has been obtained for the first time by treating alumina-supported nickel sulfate with hydrogen, and its properties have been studied. In its presence, the olefin selectivity of the reaction can exceed 90%. The kinetics of stearic acid deoxygenation to heptadecenes has been investigated, a kinetic model has been constructed, and a mechanism has been proposed for the reaction over this catalyst. Olefin oligomerization is the dominant side reaction. Kinetic evidence for the catalytic inhibition of oligomerization by nickel hydrides formed on the catalyst has been obtained. The compositions of active site–reactant adsorption complexes have been discussed.     

计算机选择波长-逆最小二乘法用于药物多组分的紫外联机测定

本文应用计算机辅助选择P矩阵法的分析波长,对三种判据进行了比较,并用于复方阿斯匹林药片中三组分的紫外联机测定。     

A database for QA/QC in neutron activation analysis and gamma-ray spectrometry

A database has been designed for storing, retrieving and analyzing information about samples, experimental conditions and results obtained by neutron activation analysis and gamma-ray spectrometry. It has been created using Microsoft ACCESS 2002 under a Windows operating system. The database has been designed not only for saving information but also for quality assurance and quality control purposes. The structure of the relational design has been discussed and demonstrated with a new graphical feature of ACCESS 2002 called PIVOTCHART.     

Technetium(99m)-tin colloid: A simple method for the preparation and evaluation

Effect of various amounts of reagents on the quality of^99mTc–Sn-colloid has been studied, and a simple and reproducible method for its preparation particularly suitable for hospital pharmacy has been developed. PVP has been used as a stabilizing agent. A quick method of its bio-distribution has also been described.     

HOCl Ro-vibrational bound-state calculations for nonzero total angular momentum

The Lanczos homogeneous filter diagonalization method has been employed to compute the HOCl ro-vibrational states for a range of total angular momenta (J = 0, 1, 5, 10, 11, 20, 30) on a newly developed ab initio potential energy surface by Nanbu et al. (J. Theor. Comput. Chem. 2002, 1, 263). For such computationally challenging calculations, a parallel computing strategy has been incorporated into our method to perform the matrix-vector multiplications. For the computed low bound states, a spectroscopic assignment has been made and the widely used approximate adiabatic rotation method has been tested for the broad range of total angular momenta for this deep-well system. Comparison of experimental results with exact quantum mechanical calculations for the selected far-infrared transitions involving the range of total angular momenta has been made possible for the first time.     

Synthesis of substituted benzoxazoles by the iron(Ⅲ)-catalyzed aerobic oxidation process

The FeCl3-catalyzed aerobic oxidation process for the synthesis of benzoxazoles,benzothiazole and benzimidazole has been discovered.This method has proved to be effective to a wide range of substrates,and it has been applied for the synthesis of JTP-426467.     

Synthesis of biocompatible hydrophobic silica-gelatin nano-hybrid by sol-gel process

Silica-biopolymer hybrid has been synthesised using colloidal silica as the precursor for silica and gelatin as the biopolymer counterpart. The surface modification of the hybrid material has been done with methyltrimethoxysilane leading to the formation of biocompatible hydrophobic silica-gelatin hybrid. Here we are reporting hydrophobic silica-gelatin hybrid and coating precursor for the first time. The hybrid gel has been evaluated for chemical modification, thermal degradation, hydrophobicity, particle size, transparency under the UV-visible region and morphology. FTIR spectroscopy has been used to verify the presence of CH(3) groups which introduce hydrophobicity to the SiO2-MTMS-gelatin hybrids. The hydrophobic property has also been tailored by varying the concentration of methyltrimethoxysilane. Contact angle by Wilhelmy plate method of transparent hydrophobic silica-gelatin coatings has been found to be as high as approximately 95 degrees . Oxidation of the organic group which induces the hydrophobic character occurs at 530 degrees C which indicates that the surface hydrophobicity is retained up to that temperature. Optical transmittance of SiO2-MTMS-gelatin hybrid coatings on glass substrates has been found to be close to 100% which will enable the hybrid for possible optical applications and also for preparation of transparent biocompatible hydrophobic coatings on biological substrates such as leather.     

Nanotherapeutic Anti-influenza Solutions: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges

Nanotechnology has impacted every aspect of human life and the environment. The raising concern against influenza outbreaks is an ongoing issue. With the current drugs and natural remedies, some amount of resolution has been reached. Yet, nothing conclusive has been achieved. With every resource tapped, it is now time to combine strategies. This review highlights the low enthusiasm in this area, where not much has been probed into employing nanomaterials into influenza research. The achievements made through the intervention of nanotechnology into anti influenza research, has been surveyed in this review. Except for a few, not much progress was evidenced. Although significant progress has been achieved with nano inputs, yet nothing much has been done in this direction. This review emphasizes the need to combine strategies and find new remedies against influenza virus using nano platforms. New directions and future perspectives for accessing the nano inputs for combating the influenza issues have been discussed.     

Gold Electrodes for Detection of Enzyme Assays with 3‐Indoxylphosphate as Substrate

The advantageous characteristics of gold not only for its electrochemical behavior but also for the unique adsorptive protein characteristics are the basis of this paper. 3‐Indoxyl phosphate (3‐IP) has previously been demonstrated to be a very convenient substrate for the electrochemical detection, using carbon‐based electrodes, of enzymeimmunoassays (EIAs) that employ not only alkaline phosphatase (AP) but also horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as label. Combination of both: gold electrodes and 3‐IP has not been studied and it produces a very suitable detection for EIAs. The electrochemical behavior of indigo, product of the enzymatic hydrolisis of 3‐IP, has been thoroughly studied for the first time on disk and band gold electrodes. The possibility of electrodepositing gold on the bands and automation has also been considered. The detection has been applied for the determination of osteocalcin with an HRP‐based ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay).     

A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for determination of thiophanate-methyl in commercial formulations and its residues in foodstuffs

A new, simple, rapid, and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of thiophanate-methyl, based on its reaction with cobalt(II) in the presence of triethylamine, has been developed. The yellowish green color that develops instantaneously on mixing the fungicide with the reagents in dimethylformamide is stable for at least 2 h and has maximum absorbance at 360 nm. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of thiophanate-methyl in its commercial formulations and residues on grains and apples. A photometric titration procedure for formulation analysis of the fungicide has also been developed.     

Optimization of silicon dioxide surface functionalization protocol for designing the receptor layer of a biosensor for detecting explosives

The development of the receptor layer of the biosensor for detecting explosive compounds is described. The covalent modification has been chosen for immobilizing E. coli nitroreductase on the gate oxide of the ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) that is comprised of silicon dioxide. The self-assembled monolayer technique has been used for immobilization. This method assumes the usage of different silanes and spacer molecules for activating the surface of SiO₂. Two different immobilization strategies have been compared, one using asymmetric spacers (3-maleimidobenzoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS) and 4-(4-maleimidophenyl)butyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (SMPB)) and another using a symmetric glutaric dialdehyde linker both accompanied by appropriate silanes. For the first method, the dependence of functionalization efficiency on silane concentration has been studied. The sufficient density of enzyme molecules on the surface of SiO₂ has been achieved at a concentration of silane of 0.0015%. The type of asymmetric linker has no influence on immobilization efficiency. The method implying glutaric dialdehyde results in higher activity of the immobilized enzyme. For this method, the immobilization procedure has been optimized. The method has been adapted for immobilization of E. coli nitroreductase inside the channel of a microfluidic system on the surface of ISFET. For this purpose, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) has been changed to the corresponding silatrane, and the concentration of the enzyme has been increased to 30 μg/mL. The optimized procedure has been successfully used to develop a biosensor for detecting explosives.     

β-Galactosidase fluorescence probe with improved cellular accumulation based on a spirocyclized rhodol scaffold

We identified a rhodol bearing a hydroxymethyl group (HMDER) as a suitable scaffold for designing fluorescence probes for various hydrolases. HMDER shows strong fluorescence at physiological pH, but phenolic O-alkylation of HMDER results in a strong preference for the spirocyclic form, which has weak fluorescence. As a proof of concept, we utilized this finding to develop a new fluorescence probe for β-galactosidase. This probe has favorable characteristics for imaging in biological samples: it has good cellular permeability, and its hydrolysis product is well-retained intracellularly. It could rapidly and clearly visualize β-galactosidase activity in cultured cells and in Drosophila melanogaster tissue, which has rarely been achieved with previously reported fluorescence probes.     

Perspectives for thiamin as a preparation for correction of free radical states of different origin

Аntioxidant capacity of thiamin has been investigated, Liposome suspension being the standard biological test-system has been used for this purpose Antioxidant capacity of thiamin has been investigated. Liposome suspension being the standard biological test-system has been used for this purpose. Thiamin usually being not included in the list of antioxidant substances is able to interfere the processes of lipid peroxidation. Such effects give the possibility to extend the scale of thiamine practical application and to recommend it for correction different free radical states including environmentally induced free radical diseases.