新型Gemini咪唑表面活性剂的合成及表面性能

以2,2-双(溴甲基)-1,3-丙二醇为连接基合成了新型的连接基为枝状的Gemini咪唑表面活性剂2,4-二(溴化-3-烷基咪唑)-1,3-丙二醇([Cn-P-Cnim]Br2,n=10,12,14).产物经核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、红外(IR)光谱和元素分析等进行了分析,证明所得产物即为目标产物.通过表面张力法和电导法测量其表面活性并计算胶束形成热力学参数(ΔG m—0,ΔH m—0,ΔS m—0).结果表明,25℃时3种表面活性剂均具有很高的表面活性,胶束的形成是自发的熵驱动过程.     

四硅氧烷Gemini咪唑表面活性剂的合成及表面性能

以三甲基氯硅烷、 γ-氯丙基三氯硅烷、 1,4-二氯丁烷和咪唑等为原料合成了一种新型的四硅氧烷Gemini咪唑表面活性剂([Si₄-4-Si₄im]Cl₂), 通过质谱(MS)和核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)证明所得产物为目标产物. 通过Wilhelmy板法测得其在25 ℃下的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为0.54 mmol/L, 水溶液的表面张力(γ_cmc)降至18.6 mN/m. 通过电导率法研究了其胶束形成热力学参数(Δ\begin{array}{c}{G}_m^{0—}\end{array},Δ\begin{array}{c}{H}_m^{0—}\end{array}和Δ\begin{array}{c}{S}_m^{0—}\end{array}), 表明在15~35 ℃下其胶束化过程是自发进行的, 且为熵驱动过程.     

新型不对称季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成及其表面活性

以溴代烷和N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺为原料,经过两步季铵化反应合成了一种新型的不对称型阳离子Gemini表面活性剂——二亚甲基-1-正己基二甲基溴化铵-2-十八烷基二甲基溴化铵(3),其结构经1H NMR和元素分析表征.研究结果表明,3的Krafft点为21.9℃,且聚集能力强.     

新型双苯基型季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成及其表面活性

以水杨醛和1,2-二溴乙烷为原料,经Williamson反应、氧化反应、酰氯化反应和酰胺化反应制得酰胺化合物（3）; 3与溴代正癸烷经季胺化反应合成了新型双苯基型季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂（4）,其结构经¹H NMR和IR表征。表面活性测试结果表明：4具有优异的抗酸、抗盐性能。在0.1 mol·L^-1NaCl溶液中, γ＝36.8 mN·m^-1, CMC＝0.20 mmol·L^-1;在HCl（pH 1）溶液中, γ＝32．5 mN·m^-1, CMC＝0.16 mmol·L^-1。     

新型易降解的季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂的合成

N,N-二甲基丙二胺与脂肪酸(癸酸、月桂酸或肉豆蔻酸)反应制得长链酰胺(3a ～ 3c);3与1,4-二溴丁烷反应合成了新型易降解的季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂(1a ～1c),其结构经1H NMR和IR表征.测试结果表明,1具有极低的临界胶团浓度、较强的乳化和增溶能力.     

一种新型阳离子三硅氧烷表面活性剂的合成及其表面性能

以1,2-环氧-9癸烯(ED)和1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基三硅氧烷(MDHM)为原料,在氯铂酸催化下,经硅氢加成反应先制得烷基环氧基三硅氧烷(AETS),再将AETS与二乙醇胺(DEA)进行开环反应合成了一种新型阳离子三硅氧烷表面活性剂(CTSS)。 通过IR和1H NMR对CTSS的结构进行了表征,测定了CTSS的表面张力、润湿性和对pH值的稳定性。 同时对AETS及CTSS的合成条件进行了优化,优化后的工艺条件为:合成AETS的最佳条件为n(ED)∶n(MDHM)(n为物质的量)为1.1∶1,催化剂用量为n(MDHM)的0.075%,反应时间为5 h,反应温度为80 ℃;合成CTSS的最佳条件为n(AETS)∶n(DEA)=1∶1.05,反应时间3 h,反应温度80 ℃。 性能测试结果表明,CTSS在临界胶束浓度(CMC)为1.3×10-3 mol/L时,可以将水的表面张力降低至20.0 mN/m,同时具有良好的润湿性,另外,CTSS在pH值为6.5~8.0时稳定存在。     

气相二氧化硅/季铵Gemini表面活性剂稳定的泡沫体系

以zeta电位法研究了季铵Gemini表面活性剂亚甲基-α, ω-双(十二烷基二甲基溴化铵) (12-s-12, s=2, 6)在水溶液中修饰气相二氧化硅(F-SiO₂)粒子。这些粒子随表面活性剂浓度C增加经历了表面从原先的亲水到疏水再重新亲水的改变,其中疏水粒子可以自发吸附在气泡液膜中,从而很好地稳定泡沫。重新亲水的粒子脱附出液膜,仅留下表面活性剂稳定气泡。强的液膜弹性对应于稳定的泡沫。联接链长度影响了Gemini在F-SiO₂粒子表面的吸附,因而也影响了液膜的弹性和对泡沫的稳定。超短s=2联接链的12-2-12由于反离子解离不完全而带有较少的正电荷,在粒子表面的初始吸附弱于12-6-12,但因此减少了吸附分子头基间的静电排斥,可以形成更致密的吸附层。由于12-2-12本身比12-6-12具有更强的界面吸附能力,F-SiO₂粒子和12-2-12的协同作用可以更好地稳定泡沫体系。     

新型季铵型阳离子表面活性剂的合成及性能

以环氧大豆油为基本原料合成了一种季铵型阳离子表面活性剂,通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征,并对其表面张力和临界胶束浓度进行了测定.     

Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的合成及其胶束生成 Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的合成及其胶束生成

Cationic Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) have been synthesized by the following method: firstly dodecyl bromide was prepared by the reaction of dodecanol with bromic acid in the presence of strong sulfuric acid. Dodecylbromide was then reacted with N,N-tetramethyl ethane diamine(or N,N-tetramethyl hexana diamine) to prepare the title-compounds. Micellization of these Gemini surfactants was investigated using conductivity measurement. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc) of the Gemini surfactants has a much lower value compared with that of the corresponding “ monomer” . For a series of the Geminis with the same length(s) in the spacer chain, the cmc decreased with increasing the carbon number (m) in the alkyl chain. The aggregation number(N) of the micelle also drastically decreased with m. For the same value of m, the cmc varied slightly with s, which indicated that the electrostatic interaction between the ionic-groups of the “ monomer” has been naturally changed duo to a link between the two ionic-groups of the “ monomer” through a spacer. However, N was strongly decreased with s,which may be a reason of steric inhibition coming from the ionic-groups due to a link of spacer. With increasing temperature, micellization of the Gemini surfactants was slightly enhanced.     

Gemini表面活性剂合成进展

系统总结了近百种Gemini表面活性剂的合成路线和方法,并且按照其结构特点分门别类地进行比较和归纳,对今后Gemini表面活性剂的合成发展方向提出了一些看法,这对促进此类新颖表面活性剂的工业化进程将具有指导意义。     

季铵盐双子表面活性剂的合成及其杀菌性能研究

以N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺和溴代烷烃为原料合成了系列对称型季铵盐双子表面活性剂n-2-n(n=8,10,12,14),其结构经1H NMR表征.研究了n-2-n对油田污水中常见的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB),铁细菌(FB)和腐生菌(TGB)的杀菌性能.结果表明:与传统杀菌剂1227相比,n-2-n对SRB,FB和TG...     

季铵盐阳离子型双子表面活性剂的合成及其表面活性

以二甲基长链烷基叔胺和1,5-二溴戊烷为起始原料合成了系列不同疏水烷基长度的阳离子型双子表面活性剂m-5-m(m=8, 12, 16).对其表面活性进行了初步研究,结果表明:所合成的系列产物都具有较好的表面活性,其中16-5-16具有最低的临界胶束浓度(CMC 0.289 mmol·L-1);随着疏水烷基链的增长,表面活性剂的CMC显著降低.对应的表面张力(γCMC)则随m的增加先降低,后增高,当疏水链为12个碳时为最低值;8-5-8的表面活性最差.     

含荧光基团连接链的新型季铵盐型双子表面活性剂的合成及其性能

通过Suzuki偶联反应和傅克酰基化反应制得了一系列新型的以共轭荧光分子噻吩-苯-噻吩为连接链的双子表面活性剂,利用季铵化反应在共轭链的两侧修饰亲水单元,合成了新型的具有不同疏水链长的季铵盐型双子表面活性剂（m-TBT-m）,其结构和性能经UV-Vis, FL和¹H NMR表征。结果表明：8-TBT-8、 10-TBT-10、 12-TBT-12、 14-TBT-14及16-TBT-16的临界胶束浓度（CMC）分别为1×10^-6 mol·L^-1、 4×10^-6 mol·L^-1、 1×10^-5 mol·L^-1、 2×10^-5mol·L^-1和4×10^-5 mol·L^-1。     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂的合成 及其表面性质的研究

合成了系列壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂(GNPQA), 用核磁、红外和元素分析对它们的结构进行了表征, 考察了反应条件对转化率的影响, 并用表面张力法和稳态荧光探针法对GNPQA的表面性能及胶束聚集数(N)进行了研究. 结果表明, 较优的反应条件: 反应时间为12 h, 反应温度为70 ℃, 反应原料摩尔比为n(双聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)＝1∶1∶1; GNPQA的临界胶束浓度(CMC)值较相应的单体壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型季铵盐表面活性剂(NPQA)降低了1～2个数量级, 显示了较高的表面活性; 当GNPQA溶液浓度为5～9倍CMC时, N值随浓度增大而线性增大; 随着氧乙烯(EO)单元数的增长, GNPQA的CMC和N值均逐渐减小; 结合GNPQA的表面性能参数和N值的变化规律, 探讨了这类表面活性剂表面及胶束聚集体的结构形态.     

Synthesis and Surface Properties of Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants

A series of novel cationic gemini surfactants, p-[C _n H_2n+1N⁺(CH₃)₂CH₂CH(OH)CH₂O]₂C₆H₄·2Cl^? [A(n = 12), B(n = 14) and C(n = 16)], containing a spacer group with two flexible and hydrophilic groups (2-hydroxy-1,3-propylene) on both sides of a rigid and hydrophobic group (1,4-dioxyphenylene) has been synthesized by the reaction of hydroquinone diglycidyl ether with N,N-dimethylalkylamine and N,N-dimethylalkylamine hydrochloride. Their surface-active properties have been investigated by surface tension measurement. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of the synthesized cationic gemini surfactants are one order of magnitude lower than those of their corresponding monomeric surfactants (C _n H_2n + 1N⁺(CH₃)₃·Cl^?). Both the cmc and surface tension at the cmc (γ_cmc) of A are lower than those of p-[C₁₂H₂₅N⁺(CH₃)₂CH₂]₂C₆H₄·2Cl^? (D). The novel cationic gemini surfactants A and B also show good foaming properties.     

Synthesis and Surface Properties of Novel N-Alkyl Quinoline-Based Cationic Gemini Surfactants

Two series of cationic dimeric (gemini) surfactants are prepared with respect to key surfactants properties, such as surface activity and solubilization. The influence of both the dimerization and the spacer group is examined in order to establish structure-property relationships. The surface tension and critical micelle concentration can be markedly reduced compared to the monomeric surfactants in the pure state. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of each series has been determined using equilibrium surface tension measurements. Furthermore, air/water interface parameters including effectiveness (π_cmc), efficiency (P_C20), maximum surface excess (Γ _max ), and minimum surface area (A _min ) have been also derived using Gibb's adsorption equation at 25°C. Standard free energies of micellization and adsorption were calculated. Solubilization behaviors of the synthesized surfactants were measured towards paraffin oil as solubilized material using light transmission technique.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Surface Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants

New pyridinium gemini surfactants have been synthesized by esterification of renewable fatty acids with mercaptoethanol furnishing respective esters (mercaptomethyl decanoate, mercaptomethyl dodecanoate, mercaptomethyl tetradecanoate, mercaptomethyl hexadecanoate) followed by their subsequent treatment with 4-dimethyl amino pyridine resulting in the formation of title gemini surfactants: 1-(5-(decanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)-4-((5-(decanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)dimethyl ammonio)pyridin-1-ium chloride (9), 1-(5-(dodecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)-4-((5-(dodecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)dimethyl ammonio)pyridin-1-ium chloride (10), 1-(5-(tetradecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)-4-((5-(tetradecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)dimethyl ammonio)pyridin-1-ium chloride (11), and 1-(5-(hexadecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)-4-((5-(hexadecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)dimethyl ammonio)pyridin-1-ium chloride (12). Their identifications are based on infrared, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, distortionless enhanced polarization transfer, co-relational spectroscopy (COSY), and mass spectral studies. Their surface active properties are also evaluated on the basis of surface tension and conductivity measurements. Thermal stability of these long chain cationic gemini surfactants have been measured by thermal gravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere.     

双子表面活性剂的合成及其表面活性

在四丁基溴化铵催化下,正十二醇、正十四醇和正十六醇分别与环氧氯丙烷反应制得1-烷氧基-3-氯异丙醇(3a～3c);3与四甲基乙二胺反应制得双子阳离子表面活性剂4a-4c;4依次通过磺化与中和反应合成了双子两性离子表面活性剂1a～1c,其结构经IR确证.研究结果表明,1和4在室温(25℃)均具有较高的乳化能力;只是1相对...     

羧酸盐双子表面活性剂的合成及性能

为筛选环境友好的新型双子表面活性剂,以水杨酸为原料设计合成了5个羧酸盐型双子表面活性剂EODPN1-EODPN5[2,2'-(1,2-CH₂CH₂-二-O-)-二-(4-C_nH_2n+1COPhCOONa),n=5,7,9,11和13],并通过核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等对目标产物进行了结构表征。 探究了EODPN作为表面活性剂的性能,并利用Gibbs表面吸附方程,通过理论计算得到相关热力学参数,结果表明,目标分子具有优异的表面活性,临界胶束浓度(CMC)值低(最低达0.4 mmol/L),表面张力性能优良(最低达29.74 mN/m),单位面积表面吸附量(Γ)高(最高达3.37×10^-6 mol/m²)。 通过改变疏水基烷基碳链的长度,优化了EODPN的表面活性和自组装能力,筛选出EODPN4为最佳的表面活性剂。 借助EODPN4能与铜离子稳定结合,实现了表面活性剂含量的检测。