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1.
在对垂直振动下的铜颗粒和氧化铝颗粒混合物的研究中,除了观测到巴西果分层和混合分层外,还发现了一种新的随时间周期变化的分离形态. 此分离形态可随着时间的演化,在巴西果、反巴西果和三明治这几种分层构型之间进行动态的循环反转. 给出了这种反转态出现的相区,并且观测了其动态转变的规律. 根据碰撞、磨擦及空气的耗散作用所产生的耗散结构对循环反转态的出现给出了定性的解释,并通过实验证实这种分层构型与空气的存在有密切的关系. 关键词: 颗粒物质 巴西果效应 相分离  相似文献   

2.
黄德财  冯耀东  解为梅  陆明  吴海平  胡凤兰  邓开明 《物理学报》2012,61(12):124501-124501
用分子动力学的方法研究了颗粒密度对旋转筒内二元颗粒体系混合与分离的影响. 当增大粒度较小的颗粒密度时, 颗粒体系表现为巴西果效应, 而增加粒度较大的颗粒密度时, 分离状态则会发生反转, 表现为反巴西果效应. 进一步的研究发现二元颗粒体系的分离指数与颗粒的密度比之间存在定量的关系, 并利用Hong的渗流与凝聚竞争机理理论对密度分离状态的反转现象给予了理论解释.  相似文献   

3.
研究颗粒体系中的结构与缺陷对于研究固-液融化的物理机制具有重要的价值.本文实验研究了垂直振动下单层湿颗粒在固-液融化过程中的结构与缺陷.根据实验及理论分析构建了湿颗粒体系的接触模型,量化了准二维湿颗粒体系融化过程中颗粒的结构变化.然后以颗粒为点建立Voronoi图对颗粒体系的"相"转变进行研究,并引入了局部体积分数来确定融化过程中缺陷变化的临界状态.实验结果表明,颗粒系统在团簇的边缘开始发生缺陷,并呈现链状的缺陷对向中心蔓延的现象.并且,颗粒发生缺陷时七相缺陷颗粒的局部体积分数显著减小,明显小于五相缺陷和六角相颗粒的局部体积分数.对局部体积分数的分析表明,当最小局部体积分数φ≤0.6652时发生缺陷,当φ≤0.4872时颗粒系统发生从固体到液体的转变.  相似文献   

4.
基于周期反转模式的表面暗电流抑制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张闻文  陈钱 《光学学报》2008,28(7):1283-1286
为了抑制电子倍增CCD的表面暗电流,运用Shockley-Read-Hall理论解释了表面暗电流的产生过程,通过曲线拟合建立了表面暗电流的理论模型,定量分析了电子倍增CCD从反转模式切换到非反转模式后表面暗电流的恢复特征时间.根据这一时间特性提出了周期反转模式的概念,在信号积分期里对成像区时钟进行调制,加入周期反转脉冲,使器件以小于表面暗电流恢复特征时间的周期在反转与非反转模式之间切换.仿真结果表明,随着周期反转频率的提高.表面暗电流明显减小.当时钟周期为0.2 ms时,平均表面暗电流降低到0.051 nA/cm2,接近反转模式的水平,与理论分析完全一致,验证了周期反转模式的可行性.  相似文献   

5.
李柱柏  魏磊  张震  段东伟  赵倩 《物理学报》2022,(12):375-379
热扰动导致的磁反转是越过能量势垒的不可逆反转,称为热助隧穿.本文研究Pr-Fe-B磁体热扰动导致的磁反转弛豫现象,反转磁矩与时间自然对数关系可表示为与能垒之间的关系,因此反磁化弛豫现象可用磁振子按能量的玻色统计分布率来解释,是磁振子宏观效应的体现.反磁化不可逆过程的临界尺寸为纳米级,与理论磁畴壁尺寸接近,证实热扰动反磁化经过磁畴壁形核去钉扎过程.在实空间反磁化耦合体积增大能减小磁振子隧穿的反磁化概率,热扰动场减小;热扰动后效场测量值与热扰动场计算值基本是一致的.温度升高,热扰动能量增大,由于耦合作用热扰动后效场有所减小,但热扰动后效场相对于矫顽力的作用增大.  相似文献   

6.
郑奎松  葛德彪 《物理学报》2006,55(6):2789-2793
对于具有周期单元的分层介质材料高反射区的波长范围,提供一种简明的估计分析方法.基于Floquet定理,分析了有限周期单元分层介质的光子带隙特性,给出分层介质的高反射区波长范围.讨论了分层介质高反射区和周期单元禁带之间的关系.计算表明,高反射区和周期单元禁带的中心波长彼此一致.并且,随着分层介质周期单元数的增多,高反射区的深度和带宽就越接近于周期单元禁带的深度和宽度.最后,讨论周期分层介质的光子带隙特性与入射角及其与极化的变化关系. 关键词: 分层介质 带隙特性 周期单元 高反射区  相似文献   

7.
姜泽辉  王运鹰  吴晶 《物理学报》2006,55(9):4748-4753
实验研究了竖直振动情况下,窄容器中颗粒的运动模式.发现运动模式与颗粒床厚度及振动加速度有很强的依赖关系.实验表明横向尺寸较小的容器可以抑制对流卷及拱起现象.对于足够厚的颗粒床,即使振动加速度很大,颗粒床下部仍然存在着颗粒聚集态.出现聚集态时,颗粒床对容器底的冲击力是倍周期分岔的.实验表明倍周期分岔点与颗粒床厚度无关.对于较薄的颗粒床,颗粒可以是聚集态或对流卷,视颗粒尺寸而定.如果使用尺寸分布非常窄的球形颗粒,可以观察到颗粒的有序排列.出现同心的圆筒形“壳”结构,每个“壳”上的颗粒是二维六角密排列的. 关键词: 颗粒物质 倍周期分岔 颗粒聚集态 球堆积  相似文献   

8.
以光栅衍射理论为基础,从理论上分析研究了微结构晶体衍射效率与占空比和折射率的关系.采用波长为532nm,最大功率为80mW 的连续激光为光源,分别对周期极化掺镁铌酸锂微结构晶体和周期极化同成分铌酸锂微结构晶体的占空比及极化反转引起的折射率变化进行了测试.测试结果表明,掺镁铌酸锂晶体周期极化反转所引起的折射率改变量大于同成分铌酸锂晶体极化反转所引起的折射率变化. 关键词: 光栅衍射 占空比 折射率变化  相似文献   

9.
李明华  袁振洲  许琰  田钧方 《物理学报》2015,64(1):18903-018903
在考虑行人视野范围的随机偏走格子气模型基础上, 引入行人对前方开阔区域的移动偏好特性, 提出改进的格子气模型, 对通道内对向行人流进行仿真研究. 模型再现了对向行人流在不同密度下出现的3种演化过程, 发现了行人密度与对向行人流分层现象的形成具有随机性, 以及统计了概率的变化趋势, 同时分析了分层现象形成概率与系统几何尺寸参数、移动强度参数、右行人流比例参数和视野范围参数等的关系. 分析结果表明, 改进的模型能够再现实际低密度下对向行人流不会出现分层现象的特性. 根据分层形成的概率, 可将对向行人流的密度分为5个区间, 不同区间的行人流演化过程各有差异. 模型和分析结果对理解对向行人流的动态演化过程, 提高通道内对向行人流的走行效率有一定帮助.  相似文献   

10.
刘邱祖  寇子明  贾月梅  吴娟  韩振南  张倩倩 《物理学报》2014,63(10):104701-104701
基于疏水固壁改性会引起润湿性反转的特点,采用考虑固体与液体间分子力的格子Boltzmann方法,从壁面的线性和瞬时改性两方面对润湿性反转现象进行了数值模拟,并结合流体体积方法处理界面层质量.结果表明:壁面线性改性的过程中润湿性反转变化平稳,润湿所需时间大幅减少,所得到的接触角与固液吸引力系数的关系与其他文献结果一致;壁面瞬时改性幅度越大说明固壁对液滴作用力越强,表现为润湿性变化越明显,瞬时改性后接触角随时间呈指数规律变化,这与现有结论相符合.研究发现:在改性条件下液膜铺展过程中伴随着振荡变化,线性改性的振动峰值与改性幅度相关;瞬时改性的液膜速度会在某一时刻突然增大,这种现象与夹带空气有关.  相似文献   

11.
振动颗粒混合物中的三明治式分离   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
在竖直振动两种颗粒的混合物的实验中,观察到了一种新的分离现象——“三明治”式分离,即大而重的颗粒被夹在两层小的轻颗粒之间.这不同于“巴西果”效应导致的大而重的颗粒在上的两层有序结构.实验表明当振动加速度大于某个临界值时这种三层有序将取代两层结构,而且是稳定的.实验中观察到导致“三明治”式分离的两种不同的分离过程.对这两种过程的物理机理及其与振动加速度、振动频率及颗粒尺寸等因素的关系做了研究,并给出了相图. 关键词: 颗粒物质 振动 有序结构 三明治式分离 巴西果效应  相似文献   

12.
Mixing of granular solids is invariably accompanied by segregation, however, the fundamentals of the process are not well understood. We analyze density and size segregation in a chute flow of cohesionless spherical particles by means of computations and theory based on the transport equations for a mixture of nearly elastic particles. Computations for elastic particles (Monte Carlo simulations), nearly elastic particles, and inelastic, frictional particles (particle dynamics simulations) are carried out. General expressions for the segregation fluxes due to pressure gradients and temperature gradients are derived. Simplified equations are obtained for the limiting cases of low volume fractions (ideal gas limit) and equal sized particles. Theoretical predictions of equilibrium number density profiles are in good agreement with computations for mixtures of equal sized particles with different density for all solids volume fractions, and for mixtures of different sized particles at low volume fractions (nu<0.2), when the particles are elastic or nearly elastic. In the case of inelastic, frictional particles the theory gives reasonable predictions if an appropriate effective granular temperature is assumed. The relative importance of pressure diffusion and temperature diffusion for the cases considered is discussed. (c) 1999 American Institute of Physics.  相似文献   

13.
巴西果效应分离过程的计算颗粒力学模拟研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
赵永志  江茂强  郑津洋 《物理学报》2009,58(3):1812-1818
采用离散单元模型对巴西果问题进行了模拟研究,采用本数学模型可以准确地预测出垂直机械振动导致的不同大小颗粒的分离现象.分析了影响振动床内颗粒分层的因素,讨论了振动频率、振动幅度等参数对分层的影响,发现振动频率和振动幅度会对分离效果造成较大的影响.当振动频率或振动幅度较小时,颗粒整体分离效果都较差,但分离的稳定性较好,当振动频率或振动幅度较大时,整体分离效果仍然较差,同时分离的稳定性也较差,振动分离过程中存在一个频率和振幅适中的最优操作点. 关键词: 分层 振动 模式形成 离散单元方法  相似文献   

14.
We report an experimental study of a binary sand bed under an oscillating water flow. The formation and evolution of ripples is observed. The appearance of a granular segregation is shown to strongly depend on the sand bed preparation. The initial wavelength of the mixture is measured. In the final steady state, a segregation in volume is observed instead of a segregation at the surface as reported before. The correlation between this phenomenon and the fluid flow is emphasised. Finally, different exotic patterns and their geophysical implications are presented.Received: 25 July 2003, Published online: 25 March 2004PACS: 45.70.Qj Pattern formation - 45.70.Mg Granular flow: mixing, segregation and stratification - 47.20.Ma Interfacial instability  相似文献   

15.
This paper performs the two-dimensional, soft-sphere molecular dynamics simulations to study the granular segregation in a binary granular mixture with the same size but different density in the container with the sawtooth base under horizontal vibration. The segregation phase diagram is presented in the acceleration-frequency space. When the acceleration is high enough to result in relative motions of the particles, the system can be in various states (mixed state, vertical and horizontal segregation state), which depend on both acceleration and frequency. Due to the sawtooth base there is stratified flow effect besides density effect. The density effect raises the light particles. The stratified flow drives the particles in the upper levels to the right and the particles in the lower particles to the left, those fact results in the appearance of the left segregation state. The left segregation state can be changed to the right segregation by changing the shape of the sawtooth. As the vibration frequency increases, the stratified flow effect becomes weaker and weaker, so at high vibration frequencies the vertical segregation state appears instead of the left segregation state.  相似文献   

16.
We study spontaneously forming convection in a container that is almost completely filled with a bidisperse granular mixture. The container with an aspect ratio close to 1 rotates slowly about a horizontal axis. In this geometry, single vortex rolls are observed in the cell plane, after a spontaneous symmetry breaking. The circulation of grains produces nonuniform segregation patterns of the mixture that in turn interact with the convective flow. We describe oscillatory modulations of the convection velocity, cessations and spontaneous reversals of the circulation. All these features are absent in multiroll granular convection.  相似文献   

17.
We overview the physics of a granular mixture subject to horizontal oscillations, recently investigated via experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. First we discuss the rich phenomenology exhibited by this system, which encompasses both segregation and dynamical instabilities. Then we show that the phenomenology can be explained via an effective interaction approach, by which the driven, non-thermal, granular mixture in mapped into a monodispersed thermal system of particles interacting via an effective potential. After determining the effective interaction we discuss its microscopic origin and investigate how it induces the observed phenomenology. Finally, as much as in thermal fluids, from the effective interaction we derive a Cahn-Hilliard dynamics equation, which appears to capture the essential characteristics of the dynamics of the granular mixture.  相似文献   

18.
S. Ushijima  I. Nezu 《显形杂志》2002,5(4):327-334
A parallel computation method has been proposed for the mixing and segregation of granular mixture included in gas and liquid flows. In this method, a three-dimensional (3D) computational volume is decomposed into multiple sub-blocks and their geometries are represented by 3D body-fitted coordinates. The fluid-particle interactions are treated by two types of models: a two-way model for liquid-solid flows and a one-way model in case of gas-solid flows. The computations of the particle motions in the multiple sub-blocks are executed simultaneously on the basis of the distinct element method (DEM). Since a graphic process is also executed as one of the parallel jobs, the particle distributions can be visualized during the computations. The computational method was applied to the gas-solid flows consisting of different diameters and densities in the horizontal and inclined cylinders rotating around their axes. From the comparison with the experimental results, nearly uniform mixing and particle segregation are successfully predicted in the oscillating liquid flows. In addition, it has been indicated that the particle pathline is very effective to visualize and understand the flow patterns of the particles with different properties. The result of the computations for the liquid-solid flows demonstrated that the vertical segregation of the non-uniform particles is reasonably reproduced.  相似文献   

19.
Dynamical instabilities in fluid mechanics are responsible for a variety of important common phenomena, such as waves on the sea surface or Taylor vortices in Couette flow. In granular media dynamical instabilities have just begun to be discovered. Here we show by means of molecular dynamics simulation the existence of a new dynamical instability of a granular mixture under oscillating horizontal shear, which leads to the formation of a striped pattern where the components are segregated. We investigate the properties of such a Kelvin-Helmholtz-like instability and show how it is connected to pattern formation in granular flow and segregation.  相似文献   

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