Minimal functions with unbounded integral

We prove theorems which imply the following results. (1) “Most” almost periodic functionsb(t) with unbounded integral oscillate in a strong sense. (2) IfB is a continuous function on a minimal flow (Ω,R), then either the time averages all converge, or they diverge on a residual set.     

Spectral sets of certain unbounded functions

Summary A. Beurling introduced the concept of spectral sets of unbounded functions to study the possibility of the approximation of those by trigonometric polynomials. We consider spectral sets of unbounded functions in a certain class which contains the square of the Riemann zeta-function as a typical example.     

Approximation of unbounded functions via compactification

Approximants to functions f(s) that are allowed to possess infinite limits on their interval of definition, are constructed.To this end a compactification of Rⁿ is developed which is based on the projection of Rⁿ on a bowl-shaped subset of a parabolic surface. This compactification induces a bijection and a metric with several desirable properties that make it a useful tool for rational approximation of unbounded functions.Roughly speaking this compactification enables us to show that unbounded functions can be approximated by rational functions on a closed interval; thus we also obtain an extension to Weierstrass’ celebrated theorem. An extension to a Fourier-type theorem is also obtained. Roughly speaking, our result states that unbounded periodic functions can be approximated by quotients of certain trigonometric sums. The characteristics of the main results are the following. The approximations do not require the original approximated function to possess a restricted rate of growth. Neither do they require that the approximated function possess any amount of smoothness. Moreover, the numerator and denominator, in an approximating quotient are guaranteed not to vanish simultaneously. Furthermore, some of the proposed approximations are guaranteed to be bounded at every point at which the original approximated function is bounded. Beside the tool of compactification we also employ Bernstein polynomials and Cesaro means of “trigonometric sums”.     

I-fuzzy拓扑中的正则开集

在I-fuzzy拓扑空间框架下引入了I-fuzzy正则开集和某个模糊点的I-fuzzy正则R-邻域系的概念,进一步,又给出了I-fuzzyδ-闭包、I-fuzzyδ-开集等概念,且分别研究了它们的基本性质.     

L-fuzzy拓扑空间中α-开运算及α-紧性

给出了L-fuzzy拓扑空间中L-fuzzyα-开运算的定义.然后借助L-fuzzyα-开运算给出L-fuzzy拓扑空间中L-fuzzyα-紧的定义;其次给出L-拓扑空间中开覆盖及fuzzyα-紧的定义;并分别得到了一些相关性质;最后讨论了L-fuzzy拓扑空间中L-fuzzyα-紧与L-拓扑空间中fuzzyα-紧之间的关系.     

Probability set functions

A probability set function is interpretable as a probability distribution on binary sequences of fixed length. Cumulants of probability set functions enjoy particularly simple properties which make them more manageable than cumulants of general random variables. We derive some identities satisfied by cumulants of probability set functions which we believe to be new. Probability set functions may be expanded in terms of their cumulants. We derive an expansion which allows the construction of examples of probability set functions whose cumulants are arbitrary, restricted only by their absolute values. It is known that this phenomenon cannot occur for continuous probability distributions. Some particular examples of probability set functions are considered, and their cumulants are computed, leading to a conjecture on the upper bound of the values of cumulants. Moments of probability set functions determined by arithmetical conditions are computed in a final example.Dedicated to our friend, W.A. Beyer. Financial support for this work was derived from the U.S.D.O.E. Human Genome Project, through the Center for Human Genome Studies at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and also through the Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, LANL report LAUR-97-323.     

Regular selections for multiple-valued functions

Given a multiple-valued function f, we deal with the problem of selecting its single-valued branches. This problem can be stated in a rather abstract setting considering a metric space E and a finite group G of isometries of E. Given a function f, which takes values in the equivalence classes of E/G, the problem consists of finding a map g with the same domain as f and taking values in E, such that at every point t the equivalence class of g(t) coincides with f(t).If the domain of f is an interval, we show the existence of a function g with these properties which, moreover, has the same modulus of continuity of f. In the particular case where E is the product of Q copies of ⁿ and G is the group of permutations of Q elements, it is possible to introduce a notion of differentiability for multiple-valued functions. In this case, we prove that the function g can be constructed in such a way to preserve C^k, regularity.Some related problems are also discussed. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 54C60     

Composite entire functions with no unbounded Fatou components

Let L be the set of all entire functions f such that for given ?>0,

logL(r,f)>(1−?)logM(r,f)     

Superatomic Boolean algebras constructed from strongly unbounded functions

Using Koszmider's strongly unbounded functions, we show the following consistency result: Suppose that κ, λ are infinite cardinals such that κ^{++ +} ≤ λ, κ^<κ = κ and 2^κ = κ⁺, and η is an ordinal with κ⁺ ≤ η < κ⁺⁺ and cf(η) = κ⁺. Then, in some cardinal‐preserving generic extension there is a superatomic Boolean algebra $\mathcal BUsing Koszmider's strongly unbounded functions, we show the following consistency result: Suppose that κ, λ are infinite cardinals such that κ^{++ +} ≤ λ, κ^<κ = κ and 2^κ = κ⁺, and η is an ordinal with κ⁺ ≤ η < κ⁺⁺ and cf(η) = κ⁺. Then, in some cardinal‐preserving generic extension there is a superatomic Boolean algebra $\mathcal B$ such that $\mathrm{ht}(\mathcal B) = \eta + 1$, $\mathrm{wd}_{\alpha }(\mathcal B) = \kappa$ for every α < η and $\mathrm{wd}_{\eta }(\mathcal B) = \lambda$(i.e., there is a locally compact scattered space with cardinal sequence 〈κ〉_η^??〈λ〉). Especially, $\langle {\omega }\rangle _{{\omega }_1}{}^{\smallfrown } \langle {\omega }_3\rangle$ and $\langle {\omega }_1\rangle _{{\omega }_2}{}^{\smallfrown } \langle {\omega }_4\rangle$ can be cardinal sequences of superatomic Boolean algebras.     

Spectral propeties of functions of commuting unbounded operators

We give generalizations of the joint spectral mapping theorem for certain classes of generally non-closed commuting operators on different complex Hilbert spaces. Translated fromMatematichni Metodi ta Fiziko-Mekhanichni Polya, Vol. 40, No. 2, 1997, pp. 33–35.     

Some Fourier-type operators for functions on unbounded intervals

In order to approximate functions defined on the real line or on the real semiaxis by polynomials, we introduce some new Fourier-type operators, connected to the Fourier sums of generalized Freud or Laguerre orthonormal systems. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of these operators in suitable weighted L ^p -spaces, with 1 < p < ∞. Moreover, we give error estimates in weighted L ^p and uniform norms.     

Persistently unbounded functions on locally compact Abelian groups

This paper deals, given an arbitrary locally compact Abelian group, with the existence of integrable functions all whose convolution powers are essentially unbounded.     

Regular splittings and monotone iteration functions

Summary In this paper we introduce the set of so-called monotone iteration functions (MI-functions) belonging to a given function. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions in order that a given MI-function is (in a precisely defined sense) at least as fast as a second one.Regular splittings of a function which were initially introduced for linear functions by R.S. Varga in 1960 are generating MI-functions in a natural manner.For linear functions every MI-function is generated by a regular splitting. For nonlinear functions, however, this is generally not the case.