多能级原子的量子跳跃与连续量子测量

研究了多能级原子的量子跳跃行为,构造出多能级原子系统光学Block方程的形式解．证明了Mollow的纯态描述理论不适用于多能级原子,为此,发展了混合态描述理论,得出了多能级原子的重置密度矩阵为混合态的结论．最后,讨论了多能级原子的量子跳跃与连续量子测量的联系． 关键词：     

基于低Q腔光子Faraday旋转的远程态制备

基于低Q腔中单光子的输入与输出关系,提出了利用偏振光Faraday旋转分别遥远制备单原子态和两原子纠缠态的可行方案.研究结果表明,当初始原子态的系数为实数时,通过选择合适的偏振光、腔场与原子相互作用系统的参数,单原子态与两原子纠缠态的远程制备均可确定性地得以实现.与以前的原子态远程制备方案相比,本文方案采用光子作为飞行比特来传递量子信息,故原则上可实现原子态的真正长距离制备.由于原子态的信息编码在耗散单边腔囚禁的Λ型三能级原子的两个基态能级,且原子仅虚激发,因此本文方案对腔衰减和原子自发辐射不敏感.此外,本文所提出的两种方案不需要两体或多体正交测量,仅涉及单体直积态测量,而且两种方案都工作在低Q腔,不需要原子与光腔的强耦合,从而有效降低了实验难度.     

双Λ型四能级原子系统的暗态极化子

我们用全量子理论分析双Λ型四能级原子系统暗态极化子基本性质，讨论了双模信号场与原子介质之望的信晕转换过程以及两个信号场之间的信息转换过程，利用双信号之间的相干性，可以设计多种形式的双模量子信息在介质中的“写入”和“读出”过程。我们还给出了双Λ型四能级原子系统存储双模纠缠态的类型。     

依赖强度耦合三光子过程下运动原子最佳熵压缩态的制备

为了研究三光子过程中原子与相干态耦合量子体系信息熵压缩随时间演化规律及原子最佳信息熵压缩态的制备,我们采用全量子理论,推导出运动原子与单模简并三光子依赖强度耦合量子体系的精确解;理论上给出制备原子最佳信息熵压缩态的充分及必要条件,并进行了数值模拟验证。研究结果表明：控制相干态场与原子作用时间,切断相干态场与原子的纠缠,选择二能级原子处于等权重相干叠加态,适当选取相干态场与原子的初始位相,可以制备出原子最佳量子信息熵压缩态;调节光腔中场模结构参量,能够得到连续的量子信息熵压缩态。该研究结果在多光子过程低噪声量子信息处理中具有一定意义。     

依赖强度耦合三光子过程下运动原子最佳熵压缩态的制备

为了研究三光子过程中原子与相干态耦合量子体系信息熵压缩随时间演化规律及原子最佳信息熵压缩态的制备,我们采用全量子理论,推导出运动原子与单模简并三光子依赖强度耦合量子体系的精确解;理论上给出制备原子最佳信息熵压缩态的充分及必要条件,并进行了数值模拟验证.研究结果表明:控制相干态场与原子作用时间,切断相干态场与原子的纠缠,选择二能级原子处于等权重相干叠加态,适当选取相干态场与原子的初始位相,可以制备出原子最佳量子信息熵压缩态;调节光腔中场模结构参量,能够得到连续的量子信息熵压缩态.该研究结果在多光子过程低噪声量子信息处理中具有一定意义.     

对腔外原子操作时腔内原子的发射性质

考虑初始处于W态的三个双能级原子，将其中两个分别注入处于真空态的两个腔中，发生共振相互作用。通过对腔外原子进行适当的旋转及测量，可使腔场发射双模压缩光，并且当旋转角度发生变化时，压缩的程度也会发生变化。     

利用单光子微激射器产生强压缩腔场的理论研究

本文研究了初时占据上能级的二能级原子在相等的时间间隔中依次与初始处于相干态的单模腔场的相互作用,发现若初始场较强时,在这一过程中可以始终使场处于压缩态,并使之不断得到压缩,同时还简要地讨论了原子与压缩态腔场的相互作用。 关键词：     

利用原子-腔场喇曼相互作用制备纠缠压缩真空态

提出了利用量子态腔场与原子的喇曼相互作用制备纠缠压缩真空态的方案.在该方案中,一个初始制备在基态的原子被依次送入几个初始制备在压缩真空态的微腔中.通过控制原子的运行速度,使原子与每一个腔具有相同的相互作用时间.当原子与腔场发生相互作用,原子与腔场产生纠缠之后,进行原子的测量.当原子被测量处于基态或激发态时,按照量子力学波包塌缩原理,腔场态将塌缩到相应的纠缠压缩真空态.对纠缠压缩真空态的纠缠性质也进行了简略的讨论.     

原子薛定谔猫态中角动量的压缩及其时间演化

在低Q值腔内，原子相干态在一些特定时刻可以演化为原子薛定谔猫态.讨论了在这种原子薛定谔猫态中原子角动量的涨落和高阶涨落.根据不确定性原理，进一步研究了原子角动量的压缩和高阶压缩性质及其演化.研究表明，原子薛定谔猫态可以被压缩到二阶和六阶，但不能被压缩到四阶.当原子薛定谔猫态中被叠加的原子相干态数为无限多项时，其压缩特性与原子相干态相同. 关键词： 原子相干态 薛定谔猫态 角动量压缩 Bloch态     

Schrǒdinger—cat态光场与耦合双原子相互作用系统的量子场熵演化

利用全量子理论，研究了Schrǒdinger-cat态光场与耦合双能级原子相互作用系统在非共振情况下的量子场熵演化特性．结果表明，场一原子系统的量子场熵演化特性不仅与初始平均光子数no、场与原子的耦合强度g、原子与原子之间的耦合强度ga以及失谐量△有着密切的关系，而且与原子的初始状态有关．     

Generation of Quantum States for Atomic Ensemble via Cavity QED

A scheme is proposed for generating quantum states of atomic ensemble. In this scheme, a beam of three-level atoms in the Λ configuration is trapped in a cavity, then squeezed vacuum state and squeezed coherent state of the atomic ensemble are prepared by choosing different initial states of the system. The scheme is based on the off-resonant interaction between the atom and cavities, so the high-level of the atom is eliminated adiabatically.     

Engineering two-mode squeezed states of cold atomic clouds with a superconducting stripline resonator

A scheme is proposed for engineering two-mode squeezed states of two separated cold atomic clouds positioned near the surface of a superconducting stripline resonator. Based on the coherent magnetic coupling between the atomic spins and a stripline resonator mode, the desired two-mode squeezed state can be produced via precisely control on the dynamics of the system. This scheme may be used to realize scalable on-chip quantum networks with cold atoms coupling to stripline resonators.     

Squeezing and entanglemëent of atomic beams

We propose and analyze a scheme for generating entangled atomic beams out of a Bose-Einstein condensate using spin-exchanging collisions. In particular, we show how to create both atomic squeezed states and entangled states of pairs of atoms.     

Deterministic generation of squeezing for a cavity field with a collection of driven atoms

We propose an efficient scheme for realizing squeezing for a cavity mode. In the scheme, a collection of ladder-type three-level atoms are trapped in a cavity and driven by two classical fields. Under certain conditions, the cavity field deterministically evolves to a squeezed state. The scheme can also be used for conditional generation of superpositions of different squeezed vacuum states.     

Origination of entangled states upon interaction of atoms with narrow-band light

Generation and transformation of entangled states in a system of two-level atoms with relaxation interacting with light are considered. It is found that excitation by single-mode squeezed light produces mixed atomic states that prove to be nonseparable. For the field in the Fock state, there may arise Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states comprised of atoms and photons. On the basis of the exact solutions of the multiparticle problem, the generation and transformation of atomic states of the W class, including recording of the photon state, are discussed.     

Multiparticle entanglement via resonant interaction between light and atomic ensembles

Multiparticle entangled states generated via interaction between narrowband light and an ensemble of identical two-level atoms are considered. Depending on the initial photon statistics, correlation between atoms and photons can give rise to entangled states of these systems. It is found that the state of any pair of atoms interacting with weak single-mode squeezed light is inseparable and robust against decay. Optical schemes for preparing entangled states of atomic ensembles by projective measurement are described.     

Efficient Scheme for Macroscopic Superpositions and Entanglement of High-Order Squeezed Vacuum States in Cavity QED

We propose an etticient scheme for generating the macroscopic superpositions and the entanglement between the high-order squeezed vacuum states by considering the multi-photon interaction of N two-level atoms in a cavity with high quality factor, assisted by a strong driving field. Through specific choices of the cavity detuning, a number of multi-party entangled states between the atoms and the high-order squeezed vacuum states and among the high-order squeezed vacuum states of the cavities can be prepared, including also the macroscopic ＂Schrodinger cats＂ of the high- order squeezed vacuum states, the entangled states of the macroscopic ＂Schrodinger cats＂, and so on. Possible extension and application of our scheme are discussed. Our scheme is reachable within the current techniques in the cavity QED.     

Creation of pure multi-mode entangled states in a ring cavity

Practical schemes for creation of multi-mode squeezed (entangled) states of atomic ensembles located inside a high-Q ring cavity are discussed. It is assumed that the cavity is composed of two degenerate mutually counter-propagating modes that can simultaneously couple to the atomic ensembles with the same coupling strengths. The ensembles are composed of ultra-cold atoms which are modeled as four-level systems driven by two laser fields, both co-propagating with one of the cavity directions. We illustrate a procedure that constructs multi-mode squeezed states from the vacuum by a unitary transformation associated with the collective dynamics of the atomic ensembles subjected to driving lasers of a suitably adjusted amplitudes and phases. The lasers pulses together with the cavity dissipation prepare the collective modes in a desired stationary squeezed state.     

Entanglement and entropy engineering of atomic two-qubit States

We propose a scheme employing quantum-reservoir engineering to controllably entangle the internal states of two atoms trapped in a high-finesse optical cavity. Using laser and cavity fields to drive two separate Raman transitions between stable atomic ground states, a system is realized corresponding to a pair of two-state atoms coupled collectively to a squeezed reservoir. Phase-sensitive reservoir correlations lead to entanglement between the atoms, and, via local unitary transformations and adjustment of the degree and purity of squeezing, one can prepare entangled mixed states with any allowed combination of linear entropy and entanglement of formation.     

Preparation of Highly Squeezed States and Multi—component Entangled Coherent States via the Raman Interaction

A method is presented for generating highly squeezed states of a cavity field via the atom-cavity field interaction of the Raman type.In the scheme a sequence of three-level Λ-type atoms interacts with a cavity field,displaced by a classical source,in a Raman manner.Then the atomic states are measured.By this way the cavity field may collapse onto a superposition of several coherent states,which exhibits strong squeezing.The scheme can also be used to prepare superpositions of many two-mode coherent states for two cavity fields.The coherent states in each mode are on a straight line.This is the first way for preparing multi-component entangled coherent states of this type in cavity QED.