80.6MeV~(16)O轰击~(27)Al出射类弹碎片的测量

用大面积位置灵敏电离室测量了80.6MeV~(16)O轰击~(27)Al时产生的出射类弹碎片,得到了从Li到Na的能谱、角分布、E-θ平面上的d~2σ/dQ dE等高线图及Z分布;导出了准弹和深部非弹的截面;并对实验结果进行了讨论.     

97MeV 16O轰击51V靶出射α粒子的测量与理论分析

用不同种类的粒子望远镜测量了97MeV ¹⁶O+⁵¹V反应中出射的α粒子.得到了单举α粒子能谱、角分布、E-θ平面内的d²σ/dEdΩ截面等高图及速度平面内的d²σ/PCdEdΩ截面等高图.区分了复合核蒸发的α粒子与直接机制发射的α粒子.用激子模型对预平衡发射的α粒子贡献进行估计,得到的预平衡发射和复合核蒸发分别在α粒子总产额中所占的比份.     

~(16)O轰击~(27)Al α粒子发射的研究

用△E-E半导体望远镜测量了84.5 MeV及62.0MeV~(16)O轰击~(27)Al产生的α粒子,得到了α粒子的发射能谱、角分布、E-θ平面上d~2σ/(dE·dΩ)等高图及核温度随发射角的变化.对产生α粒子的直接机制作了讨论。     

720MeV~(12)C轰击~(232)Th裂变反应发射的质子和α粒子

本文介绍了720MeV ~(12)C轰击~(232)Th裂变反应发射的质子和α粒子的三重微分截面.实验结果证实p和α的发射先于裂变过程,p和α能谱的低能成分来源于类靶余核的准热蒸发.本文用运动源模型拟合了p和α能谱.用聚合模型很好地重现了α能谱。     

~(12)C轰击~(12)C,~(27)Al,~(nat)Ca反应中发射α粒子的测量与分析

我们测量了69.5MeV~(12)C轰击~(12)C,~(27)Al,~(nat)Ca反应中出射的α粒子的能谱和角分布.用快粒子激子模型理论计算了包含平衡和前平衡出射的α粒子成份.在这三个反应中它们构成α产额的绝大部分,其中前平衡发射的α粒子估计分别占11％、14％、16％.尚有一部分来自其它反应机制的贡献.     

600MeV~(18)O ~(nat)Pb(厚靶)系统生成Hg同位素独立产额测量(Ⅰ)实验和技术

采用在束气相热色谱的Hg元素分离方法和特殊的探测技术，测量了600MeV(18)O束轰击厚天然铅靶生成的(180)Hg至(209)Hg计20余种放射性Hg同位素产物的独立截面，描写了实验装置、探测技术、γ谱分析以及从递次衰变子体的γ活性来提取Hg同位素生成截面的方法。     

80.6MeV ~(16)O轰击~(27)Al反应的弛豫过程的研究

从80.6MeV~(16)O ~(274)Al出射类弹碎片的测量实验结果导出了角分布衰减系数、电荷分布及电荷分布的一次矩和二次矩随TKEL的变化,对该反应中的弛豫过程进行了分析。并讨论了势能面对电荷分布的一次矩和二次矩的影响。     

80.9MeV~(16)O+~(27)Al能量耗散和核子交换的关系

用带△E-E望远镜系统的飞行时间系统测量了80.9MeV~(16)O+~(27)Al反应出射产物的三重微分截面d~3σ/dA·dZ·DE.对该反应中所出现的能量耗散和核子交换的关系进行了讨论.     

6.8MeV/A—5.1MeV/A ~(14)N ~(59)Co,~(51)V发射α粒子的研究

用ΔΕ-Ε半导体望远镜测量了6.8MeV/A-5.1MeV/A的~(14)N轰击~(59)Co和~(51)V产生的α粒子,得到了发射α粒子的能谱、角分布和Ε-θ平面上的(d~2σ/(dΩdE)等高图,区分了直接机制α及复合核蒸发α粒子,并对直接机制α粒子的来源作了讨论。     

使用α粒子轰击天然镱靶制备~(178m2)Hf同质异能素及样品γ能谱分析

178m2Hf是一种长半衰期(T1/2=31 a)、高自旋态(Iπ=16+)的Hf同质异能素.利用四川大学CS-30回旋加速器产生的30 MeV,100μA的α束流轰击天然Yb靶,通过176Yb(α,2n)反应制备178m2Hf.采用高纯Ge探测器测量未提纯样品和放化分离后的样品的γ能谱,选取178m2Hf的426,495和574 keV三个特征峰,使用高斯双峰拟合方法解谱,确定了未提纯样品中178m2Hf的含量达到1012量级,提纯后的样品中178m2Hf含量为1011量级.还对靶中其他放射性杂质核素(175Hf,172Lu,172Hf,177Lu,173Lu)的含量进行了分析.     

Thermonuclear ~(19)F(p,α_0)~(16)O reaction rate

The thermonuclear~(19)F(p,α_0)16O reaction rate in the temperature region 0.007–10 GK has been derived by re-evaluating the available experimental data, together with the low-energy theoretical R-matrix extrapolations.Our new rate deviates by up to about 30% compared to the previous results, although all rates are consistent within the uncertainties. At very low temperature(e.g. 0.01 GK) our reaction rate is about 20% lower than the most recently published rate, because of a difference in the low energy extrapolated S-factor and a more accurate estimate of the reduced mass used in the calculation of the reaction rate. At temperatures above ~1 GK, our rate is lower, for instance, by about 20% around 1.75 GK, because we have re-evaluated the previous data(Isoya et al., Nucl. Phys.7, 116(1958)) in a meticulous way. The present interpretation is supported by the direct experimental data. The uncertainties of the present evaluated rate are estimated to be about 20% in the temperature region below 0.2 GK,and are mainly caused by the lack of low-energy experimental data and the large uncertainties in the existing data.Asymptotic giant branch(AGB) stars evolve at temperatures below 0.2 GK, where the~(19)F(p,α)16O reaction may play a very important role. However, the current accuracy of the reaction rate is insufficient to help to describe, in a careful way, the fluorine over-abundances observed in AGB stars. Precise cross section(or S factor) data in the low energy region are therefore needed for astrophysical nucleosynthesis studies.     

~(16)O+~(12)C反应全熔合激发函数的测量

我们用位置灵敏的ΔE-E望远镜系统测量了入射能量为50—90MeV范围内的~(16)O+~(12)C反应全熔合截面,发现全熔合激发函数是不平滑的,存在着一些结构,其峰位约在26.0,31.0和36.4MeV。对实验结果进行了分析和讨论,并与前人的工作进行了比较。     

高能α粒子轰击Yb箔制备~(178)Hf~(m2)核素的初步研究

在CS30回旋加速器上利用27MeV的α粒子束轰击天然金属Yb箔.对辐照样品进行了分析,确定产生的178Hfm2核素约1.5×1011个,辨识出样品中主要的长寿命核素,并推断产生这些核素可能的核反应通道.基于对样品放射性剂量率跟踪监测结果,初步确定了样品的冷却时间.这些研究结果一方面验证了所选择的制备途径是可行的,另一方面也为进一步开展该核素制备技术研究提供了参考依据.     

~(12)C(~7Li,t)~(16)O和~(20)Ne(d,~6Li)~(16)O反应的研究

本文把用于处理重离子引起的单粒子转移反应的Goldfarb-Buttle方法推广到多粒子转移反应。计算了~(12)C(~7Li,t)~(16)O和~(20)Ne(d,~6Li)~(16)O反应,用了~(16)O的全相干波函数,考虑了某些反冲因素,并将结果与实验作了比较。     

~(12)C ~(112,124)Sn反应中靶核中子数对出射粒子截面的影响

实验研究了入射能量E_l=70.0 MeV的~(12)C ~(112)Sn和~(12)C ~(124)Sn两个反应。使用△E-E半导体探测器,测量了两反应中出射的α、Li、Be、B各粒子的能谱和角分布。α粒子的角分布可以通过假定存在三种机制的α组份得到定性的解释。Li、Be、B的角分布为擦边角成峰,无前角成峰组份。实验结果给出,~(12)C ~(112)Sn反应比~(12)C ~(124)Sn反应出射α粒子的截面大,而出射Li、Be、B等粒子的截面小,表明靶核中子数,对出射粒子的几率有明显的影响。     

600MeV ~(18)O+~(nat)Pb(厚靶)系统生成Hg同位素独立产额测量(Ⅱ)结果与分析

报道了600MeV（18）O轰击（nat）Ph（厚靶）生成的质量数在180—209之间的Hg同位素产物独立截面的测量结果．通过与600MeV质子轰击天然铅靶生成Hg同位素产额分布的比较，讨论了几个质量区段Hg同位素的生成机制．测量结果也与相对论重离子碎裂反应双质子移出道的产额分布进行了比较．结果表明，中能重离子与中子较富集靶核组成的反应系统对生成丰中子类靶余核具有较明显的优势．     

400~1500 MeV质子轰击铅靶和钨靶的出射中子能谱的FLUKA和Geant4模拟研究

在ADS散裂靶系统的优化设计中,蒙特卡罗方法结合可靠的散裂反应理论模型进行中子学计算具有重要的作用。本工作利用Geant4程序中的INCLXX模型、BIC模型以及BERT模型和FLUKA程序分别模拟了597 MeV和1 500 MeV质子轰击薄铅靶不同出射角度的中子双微分截面,500,1 500 MeV质子轰击厚铅靶不同出射角度的中子双微分产额,以及400,600,800,1 000和1 200 MeV质子轰击厚钨靶在反角方向（175 °）的中子双微分产额,并与实验数据进行比较。研究表明,对于薄铅靶,Geant4程序的INCLXX模型和FLUKA程序模拟结果与实验符合得更好。能量在10～40 MeV范围内,BIC模型模拟结果明显高于实验数据,而BERT模型模拟结果略微低于实验数据。对于厚铅靶,在40 MeV左右所有的模拟结果都低于实验数据。对于厚钨靶,Geant4程序的BIC模型和FLUKA程序与实验数据符合得较好,INCLXX模型在能量高于60 MeV时模拟结果低于实验数据,BERT模型与实验数据差异较大。总体来看,Geant4程序的INCLXX模型和FLUKA程序进行ADS散裂靶相关的中子学的计算是合理和可靠的。The reliable Monte Carlo simulation codes coupled with nuclear reaction models play an important role in the neutronic calculation for the design and optimization of the ADS spallation target. In this work, the double differential cross sections at different angles produced from a thin lead target bombarded with 597 and 1 500 MeV protons, the neutron energy spectra at different angles produced from a thick lead target bombarded with 500 and 1 500 MeV protons, and the neutron energy spectra in the backward direction(175°) produced from a thick tungsten target bombarded with 400, 600, 800, 1 000 and 1 200 MeV protons are calculated with the Geant4 code coupled INCLXX, BIC and BERT models and the FLUKA code. The calculations are compared with the available experimental data. The results show that, for the thin lead target, the calculations with the Geant4 coupled INCLXX model and FLUKA code well reproduce the experimental results. In a energy range from 10 to 40 MeV, BIC model obviously overestimates the experimental results, and BERT model slightly underestimates the experimental results. For the thick lead target, all of the calculations underestimate the experimental results around 40MeV. For the thick tungsten target, the Geant4 coupled BIC model and FLUKA code well reproduce the experimental results. INCLXX model underestimates the experimental results above 60 MeV. BERT model bad reproduces the experimental results. Overall, the neutronic calculations with the Geant4 code coupled INCLXX model and FLUKA code for the ADS spallation target is reasonable and reliable.     

7—5MeV/A的~(14)N在~(59)Co和~(51)V靶上的弹性散射的研究

用半导体探测器测量了7—5MeV/A的~(14)N在~(59)Co和~(51)V靶上的弹性散射能谱和角分布。定出了靶中重元素沾污的种类和绝对量。用广义菲涅耳模型拟合了弹散角分布,讨论了从拟合弹散角分布提取准弹截面的可能性。     

Astrophysical S-factor of the ~(12)C(α, γ)~(16)O reaction at solar energies

The astrophysical S-factor of the4He+12C radiative capture is calculated in the potential model at the energy range 0.1-2.0 MeV.Radiative capture12C(α,γ)16O is extremely relevant for the fate of massive stars and determines if the remnant of a supernova explosion becomes a black hole or a neutron star.Because this reaction occurs at low energies,the experimental measurements are very difficult and perhaps impossible.In this paper,radiative capture of the12C(α,γ)16O reaction at very low energies is taken as a case study.In comparison with other theoretical methods and available experimental data,good agreement is achieved for the astrophysical S-factor of this process.     

~(13)C(α, n)~(16)O background in a liquid scintillator based neutrino experiment

α from natural radioactivity may interact with a nucleus and emit a neutron. The reaction introduces the background to the liquid scintillator(LS) based neutrino experiments. In the LS detector, α comes from 238 U,232Th,and 210 Po decay chains. For Gadolinium-doped LS(Gd-LS) detector, α also comes from 227 Ac. The nucleus 13 C is a natural component of Carbon which is rich in the LS. The background rate and spectrum should be subtracted carefully from the neutrino candidates. This paper describes the calculation of neutron yield and spectrum with uncertainty estimated. The results are relevant for many existing neutrino experiments and future LS or Gd-LS based experiments.