A theoretical analysis and experimental study of the behaviour of sound in corridors

The acoustic ray image theory is developed to predict relative sound levels along a corridor or in adjacent rooms caused by a sound source in the corridor. From experimental results in full-size corridors and in an acoustic scale model, general comments about the behaviour of sound in corridors—and the effect of small intruding walls and the position of absorbent material on sound levels in the corridor—are made.     

不同声强宽带噪声激励下结构参数对穿孔板消声器吸声特性影响的实验研究

高声压级激励下,由于非线性效应的存在,穿孔板消声器的吸声特性将发生改变,而改变量的大小与穿孔板的结构参数(穿孔率,孔径,板厚)密切相关。本文设计搭建了实验平台来研究结构参数的变化对穿孔板消声器的吸声特性的影响。根据实验结果发现:随着声压级的升高,由于穿孔板结构的非线性加剧,其声阻抗将发生变化,导致穿孔板消声器的吸收峰值降低,但吸收频带却拓宽了;在穿孔率一定的情况下,孔径越小的穿孔板消声器更适合低声压级环境工作;在孔径一定的情况下,穿孔率越低的穿孔板消声器也更适合低声压级环境工作。     

声强的有旋性与表面声强

本文应用复声强的概念,讨论了复声强的实部即有功声强的有旋性质。指出:在声场中真正传递声能量者仅是有功声强中的无旋分量。所以在应用双传声器声强测量法测量声功率时将受到有旋性的影响。有功声强的无旋分量与表面声强有关,因此测量表面声强可避免有旋性的影响。本文从自功率谱的角度给出了表面声强的有关计算公式,为表面声强测量提供了理论基础。     

室内声场简正波法的数值计算方法和混响场中声强测量的误差

简正波法是求解室内声场的一种较准确的数值计算方法,准确度由所取级数的项数而定,本文详细讨论了数值计算方法、级数的收敛性,并以图线来表明在声源点级数的发散及在声源附近计算的困难,本文还讨论声强测量的理论误差,用一般声强计在混响场中测量声强,误差是很大的,以致所得结果完全不可信任,如将传声器易位、前后两次测得的声强取平均,测量误差就可大大减小,若能采用精密仪器,使两个通道的相位差小于0.05°,则测量结果的统计误差可控制在合理范围内。     

Vibrational investigation of 1-cyclopentylpiperazine: A combined experimental and theoretical study

FT-IR and Raman spectra of 1-cyclopentylpiperazine(1cppp)have been experimentally examined in the region of 4000–200cm-1.The optimized geometric parameters,conformational equilibria,normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of 1cppp(C9H18N2)are theoretically examined by means of B3LYP hybrid density functional theory(DFT)method together with 6-31++G(d,p)basis set.On the basis of potential energy distribution(PED)reliable vibrational assignments have been made and the thermodynamics functions,highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals(HOMO and LUMO)of 1cppp have been predicted.Calculations are employed for four different conformations in C1 and Cs point groups of 1cppp in gas phase.Comparison between the experimental and theoretical results indicates that B3LYP method is able to provide satisfactory results for predicting vibrational frequencies and the structural parameters,vibrational frequencies and assignments.Furthermore,C1(equatorial-axial)point group has been found as the most stable conformer of 1cppp.     

A theoretical and experimental investigation of long-pulse,electron-beam-produced rare gas plasmas

Visible emission spectroscopy (380-650 nm) has been performed on intense, electron beam (1 kA, 300 ns, 300 kV) produced Ar, Kr, and Xe plasmas at pressures ranging from 10 to 750 torr. Singly ionized and neutral lines dominated the spectra in all cases except argon, where only singly ionized lines occurred. The temperature of the plasma as determined by comparing line intensities was between 1 and 2 eV. A computer model for chemical kinetics of the electron-beam-produced plasmas in Ar, Kr, and Xe was formulated. The model predicts time, pressure, and temperature trends of the ions, neutrals, and electrons, which agree with trends found experimentally     

A theoretical and experimental investigation of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber laser

In this paper,the theoretical rate equation model of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber(TDF) laser is investigated.The analytical formulations of pump energy threshold,peak power extraction efficiency,and pulse extraction efficiency are derived through analyzing the interaction process between the pump pulse and the laser pulse.They are useful for understanding,designing,and optimizing the in-band pumped TDF lasers in a 1.9 μm-2.1 μm wavelength region.The experiment with an all-fiber gain-switched TDF laser pumped by a 1.558-μm pulse amplifier is conducted,and our experimental results show good agreement with theoretical analysis.     

阵列式双水听器平面扫描声强分布测量和声功率计算实验研究

根据双水听器法测量声强的基本原理，本文提出了基阵在湖中的布放及测量声强分布的实施步骤。通过对试验数据的处理与分析，给出了声强分布的三维力和等值曲线图，并利用扫描平面上的声强分布。计算出声源辐射的声功率。实验表明，本文提出的用列阵式双水听器声强测量系统，作平面扫描测量声强分布的方案是合理的；利用所测得的双平面近场声强分布来计算源的辐射也是可行的。     

Influence of boundary restraint on sound attenuation performance of a duct-membrane silencer

Low frequency noise in duct is a challenge for the traditional passive noise control techniques. Recently, a so-called duct-membrane silencer has attracted much research attention due to its simple configuration and potential application, however, the current studies are merely limited to the cases in which just the classical boundary conditions are considered. Actually, as an important factor affecting the modal characteristics of the membrane, and the existing studies are not enough to fully understand the vibro-acoustic characteristics of such silencer with complicated boundary conditions. Motivated by this, in this paper, the structural–acoustic coupling model of duct-membrane system is established by a modified Fourier series method in combination with Rayleigh–Ritz procedure, in which the transverse elastic boundary restraints are taken into account. Energy principle is formulated for the vibro-acoustic coupling of such duct-membrane silencer to obtain the system matrix equation. Numerical results are then presented to validate the proposed model, and the influence of boundary restraining stiffness on sound attenuation performance is also studied. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this work represents the first time that the elastic boundary restraints have been considered for such duct-membrane silencing system.     

An experimental investigation on the directional distribution of incident energy for the prediction of sound transmission loss

It is suggested from a previous theoretical study that an angular distribution function can be successfully used for describing the directional distribution of incident energy on the wall, instead of the field incidence assumption being used in the prediction of sound transmission loss. This study is devoted to an experimental investigation on the directionality of incidence sound field for validating the underlying assumption in the theoretical work. To this end, the directional magnitudes of incident energy on a wall in a reverberation chamber are measured by employing the sound intensimetry. The experimental results suggest that the transmission coefficient formula should be revised by introducing a proper angular distribution function as a weighting function for describing the directional energy density distribution, which replaces the conventional field incidence method. The revised formula is applied to the prediction of transmission loss for a double-leaf panel with an air cavity, in which its effectiveness is strongly supported by good agreements between measured and predicted values.     

Analysis of sound attenuation in a duct with a solid or porous splitter

The equivalent singularity method is developed for the analysis of sound propagation in a duct with a thin solid or point-reacting porous splitter of a finite streamwise length. The method consists in representing the splitter by a singular plane of pressure dipoles and mass sources, distributions of which are determined so that the boundary condition at the splitter surfaces is satisfied. The boundary condition is expressed in terms of two admittance parameters giving relations between pressures and normal displacements of fluid particles at the upper and lower surfaces of the splitter. Computed results are presented to illustrate the dependence of the sound power transmitted through the splitter section on the acoustic properties, length and location of the splitter and the flow Mach number. A principal cause of the sound attenuation due to a splitter is found to be the conversion of the acoustic energy into the wake vortex energy convected downstream. A solid splitter or a porous splitter of small admittance shows tuning effects—with a peak or multiple peaks in the attenuation spectrum. The tuning frequencies can be controlled by the splitter location.     

Half metallic Co2TiGe—a theoretical and experimental investigation

Using first principle calculations the electronic structure and magnetic properties of the half metallic Co₂TiGe was investigated. The electronic structure calculations were performed using two different parameterization schemes. The band gap obtained in the minority spin state using LDA scheme in TB-LMTO method was smaller than that obtained using GGA scheme in FP-LAPW method. To explore the half metallic property experimentally bulk Co₂TiGe was synthesized by arc melting under argon atmosphere. The magnetic moment per formula unit determined from saturation magnetization at 2 K was 1.9 μ_B, which was close to the theoretically calculated value of 2 μ_B. A detailed analysis of the low temperature transport and magnetotransport properties exhibit characteristic features of half metals such as T^9/2 dependence of low temperature resistivity, negligible temperature dependence of resistivity below 20 K and a cross over from positive to negative MR around 100 K.     

基于声强测量的圆柱内部全息柱面复声压相位重构

本文把基于声强测量的全息相位重构原理应用到圆柱内部声场中,阐述了圆柱面相位重构原理,推导了相应的有限空间离散算法并计算了圆柱声腔内主要声模态。结果表明,重构相位和理论值有较好的吻合。最后,分析了重构频率、全息孔径及全息柱面与壳体的间距等重构参数对相位重构精度的影响。     

A comparative study on the modeling of sound pressure field distributions in a sonoreactor with experimental investigation

In sonochemical reactors the effect of emerging cavitation bubbles has significant influence on the amplitude and structure of the developing sound field. Calculations show that the damping parameter and the phase velocity may, depending on the pressure amplitude, change by several orders of magnitude. For example, the sound velocity in water comes to 1500 ms⁻¹, whereas in a bubbly liquid it may decrease to 20 ms⁻¹, which is much below the velocity of sound in air (about 340 ms⁻¹). In this paper, a method of calculating the time dependent three-dimensional pressure field in sonochemical reactors of various shapes is presented. It takes into account inhomogeneous distributed wave parameters which are a function of the spatial depending pressure amplitude. The modeled results are then compared with experimentally measured values of a certain kind of reaction vessel. The agreement is found to be satisfactory.     

Comparison between intensity jumps in experimental,simulated and theoretical multielemental spectra

The results obtained by applying the theory developed for the SEICXRF method and applying a Monte Carlo simulation code (MCS) are compared with the experimental data in order to validate this theory. Specifically, an assay is made with the spectra corresponding to a brass sample and a soil sample. The experimental data were corrected considering the chamber efficiency and the dead time of the detection system. The considerations taken into account in order to obtain a correct comparison between theory and experiment are discussed in detail. Good agreement between spectra is observed, taking as reference the given values of the elemental composition. The experimental intensity jumps are in agreement with those predicted by the theory and by the MCS. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.