Synthesis of New Amphiphilic Comb-Like Copolymers Based on Maleic Anhydride and α-Olefins

Summary: Novel amphiphilic comb-like poly(α-olefin-co-maleic anhydride) with a controlled ratio of hydrophilic (polyoxyethylene) and hydrophobic (polymethylene) side chains have been synthesized and characterized. The comb-like copolymers are soluble in organic and aqueous media and form micelles whose behaviour could be correlated to the chemical structure of polymers. We foresee that amphiphilic properties of the novel comb-like polymers are obviously the basis of new architectures in solution which could be used in a broad range of applications. Using micelles from these copolymers, silver nanoparticles with a narrow particle size distribution have been obtained as stable dispersion in both polar and non-polar media.     

Synthesis of Liquid Crystalline Polymers with Side Chains

The present paper covers the synthesis and characterization of several intermediate products, monomer, and polymers. 3-{ 2-[ 4-( 4-Nitrophenylazo ) phenoxy] ethyloxycarbonyl} propanoyloxy (2-hydroxy) propyl acrylate (4) was prepared by the ring-opening reaction of glycidyl acrylate with the monoester of succinic acid (3). The polymers (5) with different molecular weights were prepared by the free-radical polymerization. The polymers (5) had liquid crystalline behavior without decomposition as revealed by DSC, optical microscope.     

Studies on the Crystallization Behavior of Polypropylene Solid Phase Grafted Maleic Anhydride

ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｔｈｅＣｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＢｅｈａｖｉｏｒｏｆＰｏｌｙｐｒｏｐｙｌｅｎｅＳｏｌｉｄＰｈａｓｅＧｒａｆｔｅｄＭａｌｅｉｃＡｎｈｙｄｒｉｄｅＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｔｈｅＣｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＢｅｈａｖｉｏｒｏｆＰｏｌｙｐｒ...     

Studies on the Syntheses of the Side Chains of Brassinolide and Dolicholide

(4R,5S)-2,2-Dimethyl-4-(1',2'-dimethylpropyl)-5-(1'-bromoethyl)--1,3-dioxolane(15) with the side chain of brassinolide and (4R, 5S)--2, 2-dimethyl-4-(l'-methylene-2'-methylpropyl)-5-(1'-bromoethyl) 1,3-dioxolane(14) with the side chain of dolicholide were first synthesized through 11 and 10 stepes from D-mannitol respectively. All of the intermediates 7-13 were first synthesized too.     

Studies on the Model Synthesis of the Brassinolide and Dolicholide Side Chains

A stereoselective synthesis of brassinolide and dolicholide, which involves construction of the side chain enantiomers by a highly stereoselective aldol reaction of aldehyde 5 with the anion of a-silyloxy ketone 6 is described.     

Ionic Liquid Based Electrolyte with Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 as Framework for Quasi-solid-state Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Quasi-solid-state electrolytes were fabricated with mesoporous silica SBA-15 as a framework material. Ionic conductivity measurements revealed that SBA-15 can enhance the conductivity of the quasi-solid-state electrolyte. The diffusion coefficients of polyiodide ions such as Ⅰ3ˉ and Ⅰ5ˉ which were confirmed by Raman spectroscopic measurement, were about twice larger than that of I-. The optimized photoenergy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSC） with the quasi-solid-state electrolyte was 4.3% under AM 1.5 irradiation at 75 mW·cm^-2 light intensity.     

Synthesis of Novel Chiral Ionic Liquids Based on (−)-Menthyl Isonicotinate

Abstract

Thirteen novel chiral ionic liquids (CILs) containing the (?)-menthyl group can be easily prepared from isonicotinic acid with yields of 35–90%. The properties and characterization of these compounds were discussed and the alternation of optical rotation was analyzed.     

Investigation Factors Affecting Cutting Oil Formulations Prepared by Emulsifiers Based on Linear Alkyl Benzene and Oleic Acid‐Maleic Anhydride Esters

Seven emulsifiers based on linear alkyl benzene and five others based on oleic acid maleic anhydride esters were prepared previously (Al‐Sabagh, A.M., Maysour, N.E., Nasser, N.M., and Srour, M.R. (2006) J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 27 (2): 239–250). The prepared emulsifier package contains four components: synthesized surfactant, oleic acid, diethanol amine, and solvents. These four components and the base paraffin oil were used in all prepared different soluble oil formulations. The different percentages of these components are incorporated to optimize the stability of emulsifier systems. The evaluation was drawn in five factors: oil stability, emulsion stability, pH, corrosion inhibition, and extreme pressure performance tests. The obtained results shows that the formulations which prepared by ABPG(4)S and ABE(9)S exhibited a good performance results. The cutting oil formulations, which based on dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid pronounced anticorrosion properties (0/0–0) comparing with the formulations, which based on maleic anhydride esters (0/1–1). The wear scar diameter performance test was carried out for all the prepared cutting oil formulations. The obtained data shows that the ABE(9)S, ABPE(4)S and SABS exhibited scar diameters; 0.71, 0.74, and 0.75 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the scar diameter of the currently used cutting formulation exhibited 0.76 mm. This means that these formulations can be used at high extreme pressure machines.     

Studies on the Model Synthesis of the Brassinolide and Dolicholide‘s Side Chains

A highly stereoselective synthesis of the side Chain enantiomers of brassinolide and dolicholide through an aldol reaction of 2-(4-methoxy benzyloxyl) proplonylaldehyde (5) with the anion of 1- ( tert -butyldimethylsiloxy )-3-methyl-2-butanone ( 6 ) is described.     

Effect of Hyperbranched Polyester on Modification of Epoxy Resins Cured with Anhydride

Epoxy resins are widely used in coatings, adhesives and polymer composites, but the applications of cured epoxy resins are often restricted by their poor toughness. HBP can be used as toughener to improve the toughness of epoxy resins due to its high-dens…     

交替马来酸酐共聚物多缩乙二醇酯盐络合物的离子传导性

交替马来酸酐共聚物多缩乙二醇酯盐络合物的离子传导性丁黎明，林云青，周子南，王佛松（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，长春，１３００２２）关键词高分子固体电解质，离子电导率，玻璃化转变温度，离子传输，ＶＴＦ方程１９７３年，Ｐ．Ｖ．Ｗｒｉｇｈｔ等人［１］首次...     

梳状高分子固体电解质的离子导电性研究

深入研究了交替马来酸酐共聚物多缩乙二醇酯（ＣＰ３５０）两种锂盐络合物ＣＰ３５０／ＬｉＡｓＦ＿６和ＣＰ３５０／ＬｉＰＦ＿６的离子传导性能,给出了与复阻抗谱相对应的等效电路．离子电导率随［Ｌｉ］／［ＥＯ］的变化而出现一极大值,室温下,两体系电导率极大值分别为１．３８×１０（－４）,８．３２×１０（－５）Ｓ／ｃｍ．电导率随温度升高而增加．导电行为呈非－Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ特征．阴阳离子半径之和（ｒ＿ｃ＋ｒ＿ａ）愈大,离子电导率愈高．     

氧化锆基固体电解质材料与温度无关的离子电导活化能

氧化锆(ZrO2)基固体电解质材料的离子电导率随温度的变化关系呈现非线性Arrhenius特征;相应地,由经典的Arrhenius公式计算得到的电导活化能是一个与温度有关的参数.本文通过对实验获得的几种Y2O3稳定立方ZrO2(YSZ) 材料的电导率－温度关系的分析,对经典的Arrhenius公式进行了修正.由修正后的Arrhenius公式计算得到的电导活化能是一个与温度无关的常数.此外,还进一步借助于物理化学中的过渡状态理论,从材料离子导电机制出发对这一与温度无关的电导活化能的合理性进行了讨论,发现这一活化能在数值上与理论计算结果吻合得很好.     

基于新型交联聚合物电解质的准固态染料敏化太阳能电池

采用柠檬酸(CA)交联聚乙二醇(oligo-PEG, 平均分子量M_w=200, 400, 1000, 2000), 合成具有可生物降解性能的聚柠檬酸-乙二醇(PCE)交联聚酯, 并以此为基体材料制备得到准固态的三维交联型PCE/LiI/I₂聚合物电解质. 采用红外吸收光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H-NMR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和Raman光谱分别对PCE基体的分子结构、聚合物电解质的微观形貌以及导电离子对的存在形式进行表征; 通过线性扫描伏安法(LSV)研究了聚合物电解质的离子扩散系数、电导率以及电池的输出电流-电压(I-V)性能. 结果表明, PEG的分子量影响PCE基体膜的微观形貌及其吸液性能, 从而影响聚合物电解质的离子导电性能及电池的光电性能: 随着PEG分子量M_w从200, 400, 1000增大到2000, PCE基体膜的结构变得疏松, 吸液率增加, 吸液溶胀后的基体中I-3的跃迁活化能降低, 导致电解质的电导率和电池的短路光电流密度随之增加; 在60 mW·cm^-2的入射光强下, 四种电解质对应电池的光电转化效率依次为3.26%、3.34%、4.26%和4.89%.     

梳形聚醚全固态聚合物电解质的电导率研究

应用阳离子开环聚合反应合成含二缩三乙二醇单甲醚侧链的梳形聚醚POE,并与高氯酸锂复配制成聚合物电解质.交流阻抗测试表明,当POE电解质内的氧锂比(O/L i)为20时,其电导率最高,室温下为10-4.43S/cm,80℃时则达到10-3.44S/cm.用DSC和XPS分别表征了链段运动能力和锂盐在POE中的溶解状态对电导率的影响.     

新型单离子梳状聚合物电解质的合成和性能研究

通过苯乙烯,α-烯丙基聚醚和烯丙基磺酸锂共聚反应,制得一种以聚烯烃为主链、侧挂聚醚和烷基磺酸锂的新型单离子梳状聚合物电解质膜(CPPL)。通过IR,GPC及DSC等对其结构与形态进行了表征。结果表明:CPPL的Tg值主要取决于单体原料配比,室温电导率可达9.3×10-5S·cm-1,电化学窗口大于5.0V。     

聚合物网络快离子导体

本文总结了含聚氧化乙烯(PEO)链段的聚合物网络快离子导体的研究工作,论述了这类聚合物电解质的离子导电性与网络结构的关系,并讨论了离子在其中的传递历程.通过研究聚合物网络电介质所获得的众多基本概念,同样可用于解释在PEO类高分子快离子导体研究中所发现的实验现象.     

Novel polymer electrolytes prepared by copolymerization of ionic liquid monomers

Ionic liquid monomer couples were prepared by the neutralization of 1‐vinylimidazole with vinylsulfonic acid or 3‐sulfopropyl acrylate. These ionic liquid monomer couples were viscous liquid at room temperature and showed low glass transition temperature (Tg) at ?83 °C and ?73 °C, respectively. These monomer couples were copolymerized to prepare ion conductive polymer matrix. Thus prepared ionic liquid copolymers had no carrier ions, and they showed very low ionic conductivity of below 10^?9 S cm^?1. Equimolar amount of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) to imidazolium salt unit was then added to generate carrier ions in the ionic liquid copolymers. Poly(vinylimidazolium‐co‐vinylsulfonate) containing equimolar LiTFSI showed the ionic conductivity of 4 × 10^?8 S cm^?1 at 30 °C. Advanced copolymer, poly(vinylimidazolium‐co‐3‐sulfopropyl acrylate) which has flexible spacer between the anionic charge and polymer main chain, showed the ionic conductivity of about 10^?6 S cm^?1 at 30 °C, which is 100 times higher than that of copolymer without spacer. Even an excess amount of LiTFSI was added, the ionic conductivity of the copolymer kept this conductivity. This tendency is completely different from the typical polyether systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高温高分子快离子导体PMDA—ODA—PSX—DABSA的合成和性能

采用线型缩聚法合成了１，２，４，５－均苯四甲酸二酐，４，４＇－氨基二苯醚，氨丙基聚二甲硅氧烷和２，５－二氨基苯磺酸四元高分子快离子导体。测定了该共聚物的红外光谱和差动热分析曲线，得到共聚物的玻璃化温度Ｔｇ在１３０℃左右。用交流阻抗谱法测定共聚物薄膜的电导率。四元系的电导率比两个三元系ＰＭＤＡ－ＯＤＡ－ＰＳＸ和ＰＭＤＡ－ＯＤＡ－ＤＡＢＳＡ分别提高两和一个多数量级。这是因为四元系综合了两个三元系的优点     

P(VAc-MA)/PMMA为基体的聚合物电解质制备及其在电致变色器件中的应用

以醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)和丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为单体, 采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备了无规共聚物P(VAc-MA), 以PMMA与P(VAc-MA)的共混物为基体制备了聚合物电解质. 用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、紫外光谱(UV)、力学性能测试及电化学交流阻抗等方法研究了聚合物、聚合物膜和聚合物电解质的性质. 结果表明, VAc与MA通过打开各自的CC键聚合生成P(VAc-MA); P(VAc-MA)与PMMA共混后结晶状态发生了变化, 增加了无定形相区, 降低了链段运动的能量壁垒, 提高了热稳定性和拉伸强度. 以P(VAc-MA)/PMMA为基体的聚合物电解质膜具有很高的透明性, 最大室温电导率达到1.17×10-3 S/cm; 离子电导率随着温度的升高而迅速增加, 电导率-温度曲线符合Arrhenius方程; 将此电解质用于全固态电致变色显示器件显示出优良的性能.