方截面鼓泡床气液两相瞬态数值研究

在双流体模型中引入界面浓度输运方程,利用界面浓度和气泡平均Sauter直径模化各相间作用力。引入一附加 湍动能输运方程模化气泡诱导引起的液相湍流。利用该模型对方截面鼓泡床内气液两相流进行三维瞬态数值模拟。计算结 果表明该模型能较好得模拟方截面鼓泡床内气液两相流时均和瞬态流动特征。     

非均匀和均匀布风流化床中颗粒的运动分析

通过实验得到了非均匀布风和均匀布风流化床内示踪颗粒在床层内的运动轨迹，在此基础上，分析了流化床中示踪颗粒的混合和扩散特性。结果表明配风方式对于示踪颗粒的扩散有很大影响，内旋流流化床具有较好的横向和纵向扩散特性，有利于使流化床内横向不均匀的状况得到改善。     

三相鼓泡床流动结构Kolmogorov熵分析

在三相鼓泡床试验台上收集压差脉动时间序列值,同时用高速相机采集三相鼓泡床内流动结构变化的图片信息,运用混沌参数Kolmogorov熵以及确定Kolmogorov熵参数中的关联维数对压力脉动信号进行分析,得到混沌参数随表观气速的变化曲线图,研究三相鼓泡床内流型转变的情况.结果表明,该三相鼓泡床中可以明显观察到均匀流、过渡流和非均匀流三种流型,在不同的流型下,混沌特性也不同,当表观气速为0.22 m/s时,三相系统的混沌特性最强。关联维数与Kolmogorov熵随表观气速的变化曲线上两个转折点即为流型转变气速点,分析得到第-转变气速的范围是0.036~0.064 m/s,第二转变气速为0.18 m/s。运用Kolmogorov熵识别三相鼓泡床的流型,方法可行。     

沸腾床内气泡特性的测定

一、前言 沸腾床内的流体动力特性影响到床内良好燃烧工况的组织。当床运行在鼓泡区内时,床内的流体动力特性几乎完全由气泡特性所决定,因此正确地测定气泡特性是非常必要的。 本文介绍了一种在常温和高温下均可使用的气泡压力探头和测试系统及气泡信号的     

燃煤旋涡流化床燃烧特性研究

燃煤旋涡流化床燃烧特性研究金保，刘坤磊，赵长遂，徐益谦（东南大学热能工程研究所）一、前言旋涡流化床燃烧技术是在鼓泡床和循环床的基础上发展起来的第三代流化床燃烧技术，通过在鼓泡床的悬浮空间加入四角切圆二次风，组成强旋涡流场，分离从床内飞溅上来的细颗粒，...     

气固流化床压力脉动信号的频域熵分析

对气固流化床风室内的压力脉动信号进行频域变换,使用三种熵分析方法,研究了一个内径150 mm、高2.5m流化床不同静床高工况下的流动特性和流型特征。实验结果表明:这三个方法得到的特性曲线可以较好地判别固定/鼓泡/湍动床三个流型;在确定从鼓泡床向湍动床转变的转变点上,DFT熵方法优于小波熵和小波包熵方法,物理意义更明确且计算更快捷。     

稠密颗粒物质系统鼓泡现象的微观结构研究

通过重新整理气相控制方程,实现了基于非结构化网格的离散颗粒与连续流体的非线性耦合求解方法.应用该求解方法模拟计算了二维气固脉冲流化床(pulsed fluidized bed, PFB)单个鼓泡过程,数值计算结果与实验结果相符合.通过剖析两种典型床宽PFB的气固两相微观结构,观察到颗粒起动瞬间力链断裂"解锁"现象和系统压降脉冲现象,发现床内气体的流动是一个由双主涡到多涡共存再到双次涡的发展过程,颗粒的运动呈现三种形态,即抬升,沿鼓泡边界下滑和角落内"滞缓"运动. 关键词： 离散颗粒 脉冲流化床 鼓泡 力链     

改进的节块展开方法求解圆柱几何对流扩散方程

为高效求解球床高温气冷堆物理-热工耦合问题,发展改进节块展开法求解圆柱几何下的对流扩散方程.针对圆柱几何和对流扩散方程的特殊性,采用三阶多项式和指数函数作为r向横向积分方程的展开函数,在节块展开法的框架下高效求解对流扩散方程.数值验证表明,改进的节块展开方法具有固有的迎风特性,在使用粗网节块时依然能保持稳定性和较高的计算精度.     

速度进口边界条件对鼓泡床流动影响研究

进口边界条件是影响鼓泡流化床流体动力行为的重要因素之一.本文基于欧拉一欧拉双流体气固两相流模型,对具有中心射流进口的鼓泡流化床进行了数值模拟研究.分别采用脉动和定常进口气体速度边界条件,对鼓泡流化床内气泡的形成、长大、分离,气泡的大小进行了分析和研究.模拟结果与Kuipers等的实验结果进行了比较,研究结果表明考虑进口速度的脉动能够更加合理地预测和分析床内流体动力行为.     

基于CCRs过程的双流化床反应器设计与冷态试验

双流化床反应器是实现钙基吸收剂循环煅烧/碳酸化法(CCRs)分离烟气中CO2的关键技术.本文在对不同双流化床反应器形式分析的基础上,选择双鼓泡床作为CCRs过程的反应器,并设计、搭建双鼓泡床冷态试验装置.该双鼓床反应器可以长时间稳定运行,实现物料在两个反应器中连续稳定的交换.冷态试验结果表明,鼓泡床流化速度对固体循环量没有影响,随着床料高度、固体喷射管直径与喷射管上所开小孔直径的增大,固体循环量增大.     

旋涡流化床颗粒夹带和扬析的数学模型

本文结合气体湍流运动模型，颗粒运动的轨道模型和密相床层动力学的经验关联式，建立了旋涡流化床颗粒夹带和扬析的数学模型，发展了相应的求解程序。用本文提出的数学模型对普通鼓泡流化床中颗粒夹带的计算结果与前人的经验公式相符；对旋涡流化床和普通的鼓泡流化床颗粒扬析的计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

Stabilizing effect of plasma discharge on bubbling fluidized granular bed

Fluidized beds have been widely used for processing granular materials. In this paper, we study the effect of plasma on the fluidization behavior of a bubbling fluidized bed with an atmospheric pressure plasma discharger. Experiment results show that the bubbling fluidized bed is stabilized with the discharge of plasma. When the discharge current reaches a minimum stabilization current Cms, air bubbles in the bed will disappear and the surface fluctuation is completely suppressed.A simplified model is proposed to consider the effect of electric Coulomb force generated by the plasma. It is found that the Coulomb force will propel the particles to move towards the void area, so that the bubbling fluidized bed is stabilized with a high enough plasma discharge.     

Study of gas-fluidization dynamics with laser-polarized 129Xe

We report initial NMR studies of gas dynamics in a particle bed fluidized by laser-polarized xenon (129Xe) gas. We have made preliminary measurements of two important characteristics: gas exchange between the bubble and emulsion phases and the gas velocity distribution in the bed. We used T2* contrast to differentiate the bubble and emulsion phases by choosing solid particles with large magnetic susceptibility. Experimental tests demonstrated that this method was successful in eliminating 129Xe magnetization in the emulsion phase, which enabled us to observe the time dependence of the bubble magnetization. By employing the pulsed field gradient method, we also measured the gas velocity distribution within the bed. These results clearly show the onset of bubbling and can be used to deduce information about gas and particle motion in the fluidized bed.     

内旋流流化床燃烧稳定性研究

城市生活垃圾焚烧需要稳定均匀的温度来减少燃烧产生的大气污染物。采用内旋流流化床进行了垃圾焚烧实验,通过改变垃圾处理量、垃圾种类和流化床浓相床区高度,研究了浓相床区温度的稳定性和焚烧炉内温度分布。     

废弃物燃烧及流化床焚烧炉冷模实验研究

废弃物燃烧及流化床焚烧炉冷模实验研究王柏懿，盛宏至，戚隆溪，田文栋（中国科学院力学研究所北京１０００８０）关键词：固体废弃物，焚烧，流化床，冷模实验一、引言众所周知，环境污染已成为影响人类生存和社会发展的严重问题。例如，随着人口增长、经济发展和工业化...     

Comparison of influence of fluidization time on electrostatic charge build-up in the bubbling vs. slugging flow regimes in gas–solid fluidized beds

Electrostatic charge generation poses significant problems in some commercial gas–solid fluidized bed reactors such as those in gas-phase polyolefin production. Understanding the contributing factors to charge generation is important in determining the charge generation mechanisms, leading to the development of methods to reduce or prevent this phenomenon. This work focused on determining the effect of fluidization time on particle charging and the amount of particle adhesion on the fluidization column wall in both the bubbling and slugging flow regimes. The charging effect was investigated for particles in three regions of the fluidized bed: elutriated fines, bulk particles inside the bed, and particles adhered to the column wall. The particles size distribution, mass and charge were measured for all three regions. Fluidization was carried out with polyethylene resins from an industrial reactor; times of 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 360 min were evaluated. Increased fluidization time decreased the amount of particles mass collected in the bulk region and increased those adhered to the column wall during the velocities tested in the bubbling flow regime. Whereas the quantity of particles in each region was not affected by fluidization time for the velocities examined in the slugging flow regime. Bipolar charging was observed with relatively smaller particles becoming predominately positively charged and larger particles becoming predominately negatively charged. Each region of the bed affected the magnitude of net q/m, with elutriated fines having the largest magnitude, followed by those adhered to the column wall, and finally those in the bulk of the bed. Charge saturation was attained for fluidization times greater than 60 min for particles in the bulk and along the column wall for all gas velocities. However, extended fluidization times were required with the entrained fines in bubbling flow; whereas charge saturation of fines in slugging flow occurred shortly after the onset of fluidization. Mean particle diameter for each measurement region was not impacted by the fluidization time for any of the gas velocities tested. The bed hydrodynamics was found to definitely have an impact on the particle–wall fouling where the particle layer continued to develop on the inner column wall as fluidization time increased for those velocities in the bubbling regime while comparatively less impact on particle layer growth was observed in the slugging flow regime. In addition, the bubbling flow regime resulted in particle layers formed on the column wall to be longer and thinner whereas those formed in the slugging flow regime were shorter and thicker.     

非均匀布风对流化床埋管换热特性的影响

非均匀布风对流化床埋管换热特性有一定的影响,埋管的对流换热系数不仅是埋管所处换热区流化速度的函数,而且与相邻的流动区流化速度有一定关系。本文通过试验研究了埋管换热系数同换热区以及流动区流化速度之间的关系：换热系数变化的趋势及数值的大小与鼓泡床有明显不同,较大的流动区流化速度（６．０ｕｍｆ～２４．０ｕｍｆ）直接影响换热区埋管的换热系数,换热系数同流化速度之间较为平缓的关系便于利用埋管进行非均匀布风流化床中浓相床区温度的调整与控制。     

Investigation of electrostatic charge distribution within the reactor wall fouling and bulk regions of a gas–solid fluidized bed

The distribution of charge within the wall fouling region and bulk of a fluidized bed reactor was investigated. Experiments were conducted in a 0.1 m in diameter carbon steel fluidization column under atmospheric conditions. Polyethylene particles were fluidized with extra dry air at 1.5 the minimum fluidization velocity (bubbling flow regime) for 1 h. Using an online Faraday cup measurement technique, the net charge-to-mass ratio (q/m), as well as the size distribution of all particles adhered to the column wall and those in the bulk of the bed was determined. The wall particles were found to be predominantly negatively charged while those which did not adhere to the wall were predominantly positively charged. The charge distribution within each region was then investigated by a custom made charged particle separator that separated the particles according to their charge magnitude and polarity. It was determined that although the net charge of the wall layer particles was negative, a significant amount of positively charged particles existed within each sample and therefore the entire wall particle layer. This suggests that the wall layer was formed through layering between positively and negatively charged particles. Particles in the bulk of the bed also consisted of bipolarly charged particles.     

Tomographic Imaging of Phase Distribution and Spatial Correlation of the fluidization dynamics in a fluidized bed

This paper describes the use of a capacitance tomography system for imaging gas bubbles in a fluidized bed in the vicinity of an air distributor plate. The results show how the solid concentration distribution varies as a function of time for three different flow regimes: bubbling, slugging and the transition to turbulent. Bubble shape, Length and coalesence can be observed. A method of spatial correlation to elucidate the bubble formation process is described.     

Combustion of slugs of propane and air moving up through an incipiently fluidized bed

A mathematical model is proposed to show the evolution of temperature, chemical composition and energy release or transfer in slugs, clouds and particulate phase, in a fluidized bed where there are slugs, of a mixture of air and propane, moving up through the particulate phase previously set in the state of incipient fluidization with air. The analysis begins as the slugs are formed at the orifices of the distributor, until they explode inside the bed or emerge at the free surface. The model also makes the analysis of what happens in the gaseous mixture that leaves the free surface of the fluidized bed until the propane is thoroughly burnt. It is essentially built upon a simple quasi-global mechanism for the combustion reaction and the mass and heat transfer equations from the two-phase model of fluidization. The aim was not to propose a new modelling approach, but to combine classical models, one concerning the reaction kinetics and the other the bed hydrodynamic aspects, to obtain a better insight on the events occurring inside a fluidized bed reactor, enhancing the understanding of this type of reactor. Experimental data to balance with the numerical model were obtained through tests on the combustion of commercial propane, in a laboratory scale fluidized bed, using four sand particle sizes: 400–500, 315–400, 250–315 and 200–250 μ m. The mole fractions of CO₂, CO and O₂ in the flue gases and the temperature of the fluidized bed were measured and compared with the numerical results.