Efficient Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Medium Using Chemically Modified Silica Monolith

The adsorptive removal of lead (II) from aqueous medium was carried out by chemically modified silica monolith particles. Porous silica monolith particles were prepared by the sol-gel method and their surface modification was carried out using trimethoxy silyl propyl urea (TSPU) to prepare inorganic–organic hybrid adsorbent. The resultant adsorbent was evaluated for the removal of lead (Pb) from aqueous medium. The effect of pH, adsorbent dose, metal ion concentration and adsorption time was determined. It was found that the optimum conditions for adsorption of lead (Pb) were pH 5, adsorbent dose of 0.4 g/L, Pb(II) ions concentration of 500 mg/L and adsorption time of 1 h. The adsorbent chemically modified SM was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET/BJH and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The percent adsorption of Pb(II) onto chemically modified silica monolith particles was 98%. An isotherm study showed that the adsorption data of Pb(II) onto chemically modified SM was fully fitted with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. It was found from kinetic study that the adsorption of Pb(II) followed a pseudo second-order model. Moreover, thermodynamic study suggests that the adsorption of Pb(II) is spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption capacity of chemically modified SM for Pb(II) ions was 792 mg/g which is quite high as compared to the traditional adsorbents. The adsorbent chemically modified SM was regenerated, used again three times for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions and it was found that the adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent was only dropped by 7%. Due to high adsorption capacity chemically modified silica monolith particles could be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.     

双网络凝胶吸附剂的构建及其去除水中污染物的应用

近年来,随着工业的迅速发展,水污染危机是世界面临的主要威胁之一,开发新型环境功能材料和技术,实现水体污染物的高效去除是目前研究热点。双网络水凝胶(Double Network hydrogels)是具有三维网络结构的高分子聚合物,其机械性能优越,具备较高的强度,可以承受高水平的拉伸和压缩变形。低溶胀率使水凝胶可以容纳大量水并保持稳定的形态和网络结构。此外,由于其独特的交联方式,它还具有快速的自修复性能和显著的抗疲劳性能。具备众多优点的双网络水凝胶是一种有着巨大潜力的吸附材料,在水处理领域引起广泛关注。本文综述了双网络凝胶吸附剂的物化特性及其分类,以及近年来双网络凝胶吸附剂去除水体中重金属、抗生素和染料等污染物的应用进展。通过该综述,为双网络凝胶吸附剂的深入开发以及在水质净化中的工程应用提供新思路、新方法和新技术。     

Synthesis and Application of Hydride Silica Composites for Rapid and Facile Removal of Aqueous Mercury

The adsorption of ionic mercury(II) from aqueous solution on functionalized hydride silicon materials was investigated. The adsorbents were prepared by modification of mesoporous silica C‐120 with triethoxysilane or by converting alkoxysilane into siloxanes by reaction with acetic acid. Mercury adsorption isotherms at 20 °C are reported, and maximum mercury loadings were determined by Langmuir fitting. Adsorbents exhibited efficient and rapid removal of ionic mercury from aqueous solution, with a maximum mercury loading of approximately 0.22 and 0.43 mmol of Hg g^?1 of silica C‐120 and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) xerogel, respectively. Adsorption efficiency remained almost constant from pH 2.7 to 7. These inexpensive adsorbents exhibiting rapid assembly, low pH sensitivity, and high reactivity and capacity, are potential candidates as effective materials for mercury decontamination in natural waters and industrial effluents.     

金纳米粒子修饰毛细管硅胶整体柱的制备及其电色谱性能研究

通过毛细管硅胶整体柱表面修饰十八烷基硫醇金纳米粒子,制备了一种新型毛细管电色谱固定相.制备金纳米粒子修饰整体柱时,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备毛细管硅胶整体柱,并在其表面化学修饰3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷;通过巯基基团固载金纳米粒子于整体柱上,再共价键合十八烷基硫醇于金纳米粒子表面.以甲苯为探针,对理论塔板高度与流动相线速度之间...     

三维有序大孔-介孔二氧化硅的可控制备及表征

以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)胶晶为大孔模板、嵌段共聚物P123为介孔模板,利用双模板剂法进行了三维有序大孔-介孔二氧化硅材料的制备研究。采用SEM、TEM、低角XRD以及N₂吸脱附技术对样品进行了表征。结果表明,通过简单的调控PMMA胶晶模板的组装过程,就可以调变合成材料中的大孔结构,从而轻松地实现可控的制备出具有网状或者层状结构的三维有序大孔-介孔二氧化硅材料,并提出了其可能的形成机理。此外,所制备的三维有序大孔-介孔二氧化硅样品均具有较大的BET比表面积(>550m₂·g^-1),大孔孔径200nm左右,介孔孔径分布集中于3.5nm左右。     

硅胶的表面硫醇化改性及对水溶液中罗丹明B的固载

运用γ-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷对硅胶表面硫醇化修饰改性,红外及拉曼光谱分析表明硅胶的表面硫醇化借助硅胶表面羟基与γ-巯丙基二乙氧基硅烷间的化学键联实现。实验条件下改性硅胶对水体罗丹明B的吸附性能明显提升,改性硅胶表面罗丹明B的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线服从Langmuir等温线规律,由等温吸附计算得到的热力学函数变化表明吸附系自发、放热过程。吸附动力学、热力学及光谱表征均表明改性硅胶上罗丹明B的吸附主要为其在改性硅胶表面借助电价和共价键联的化学吸附。     

硅胶的表面硫醇化改性及对水溶液中罗丹明B的固载

运用γ-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷对硅胶表面硫醇化修饰改性, 红外及拉曼光谱分析表明硅胶的表面硫醇化借助硅胶表面羟基与γ-巯丙基二乙氧基硅烷间的化学键联实现。实验条件下改性硅胶对水体罗丹明B的吸附性能明显提升, 改性硅胶表面罗丹明B的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型, 吸附等温线服从Langmuir等温线规律, 由等温吸附计算得到的热力学函数变化表明吸附系自发、放热过程。吸附动力学、热力学及光谱表征均表明改性硅胶上罗丹明B的吸附主要为其在改性硅胶表面借助电价和共价键联的化学吸附。     

壳聚糖及其复合物对水中汞离子的脱除

由于汞的物理化学性质和对人体的毒副作用,汞减排已成为全球共识。当前除汞方法中,吸附法为一种较有潜力的方法。壳聚糖是一种天然的汞离子（Hg²⁺）吸附剂,以物理、化学手段改性后的衍生物更具有对环境中的汞吸附容量大,吸附效率高的优点。本文综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物脱除溶液中Hg²⁺的研究近况,介绍了壳聚糖物理（冷冻干燥、静电纺丝等）、化学修饰手段（交联和接枝等）以及与新型碳材料（碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯等）复合脱汞的最新研究,分析了壳聚糖及其复合物对水中Hg²⁺的去除效果和影响因素。最后,对壳聚糖吸附剂在汞污染治理中的研究作了展望。     

Mesoporous Carbons of Well-Organized Structure in the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

Mesoporous carbons with differentiated properties were synthesized by using the method of impregnation of mesoporous well-organized silicas. The obtained carbonaceous materials and microporous activated carbon were investigated by applying different methods in order to determine their structural, surface and adsorption properties towards selected dyes from aqueous solutions. In order to verify applicability of adsorbents for removing dyes the equilibrium and kinetic experimental data were measured and analyzed by applying various equations and models. The structural and acid-base properties of the investigated carbons were evaluated by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) technique, adsorption/desorption of nitrogen, potentiometric titration, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results of these techniques are complementary, indicating the type of porosity and structural ordering, e.g., the pore sizes determined from the SAXS data are in good agreement with those obtained from nitrogen sorption data. The SAXS and TEM data confirm the regularity of mesoporous carbon structure. The adsorption experiment, especially kinetic measurements, reveals the utility of mesoporous carbons in dye removing, taking into account not only the adsorption uptake but also the adsorption rate.     

硫化纳米零价铁去除水体污染物的研究进展

纳米零价铁（NZVI）作为一种原料来源广泛的环境污染修复剂,被广泛应用于地下水和废水等水环境污染修复领域中.尽管这种材料具有反应活性优异、成本低和毒性低的特点,但又面临着自身性质带来的在原位修复和储存等方面的局限.在提高其在水环境中的实际应用潜力的改性方法中,硫化作用成为近10年来的一个研究热点,这也意味着NZVI改性的研究重点从提高NZVI反应活性转移到提高电子的选择性上.硫化型NZVI的制备方法各异,制备方法主要为化学法.这些硫化型材料被大量应用于水体有机污染物降解和重金属去除的研究中来考察它们的实际反应活性,其与水体污染物在不同环境体系下的反应机制也被深入研究.其中,根据硫化型NZVI降解污染物种类和反应条件的不同,大致可以分为吸附、还原和氧化这三大类.尽管目前硫化型NZVI的实际应用仍面临着较多的局限,但是在提高反应活性和电子选择性等方面突破巨大.深入地梳理硫化型NZVI的反应性能和其去除水体中污染物的反应机制的研究进展能够为未来硫化型NZVI的研究指明发展方向.由于硫化型零价铁的优异性能,该材料和相关的硫化铁系材料将会逐步成为环境修复领域的重要材料分支,具有潜在的发展前景.     

Stoeber二氧化硅溶胶中氨水的去除方法

通过pH值、电导率和二氧化硅解离量的测定，研究了Stfber二氧化硅溶胶的提纯过程．发现离心水洗很难完全去除体系中的氨水并且残留的氨水会影响二氧化硅粒子的化学稳定性．对二氧化硅溶胶进行酸处理后再提纯，可以大大加速提纯过程并消除氨水对二氧化硅粒子化学稳定性的影响。     

Polysaccharide-Based Composite Hydrogels as Sustainable Materials for Removal of Pollutants from Wastewater

Nowadays, pollution has become the main bottleneck towards sustainable technological development due to its detrimental implications in human and ecosystem health. Removal of pollutants from the surrounding environment is a hot research area worldwide; diverse technologies and materials are being continuously developed. To this end, bio-based composite hydrogels as sorbents have received extensive attention in recent years because of advantages such as high adsorptive capacity, controllable mechanical properties, cost effectiveness, and potential for upscaling in continuous flow installations. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date analysis of the literature on recent accomplishments in the design of polysaccharide-based composite hydrogels for removal of heavy metal ions, dyes, and oxyanions from wastewater. The correlation between the constituent polysaccharides (chitosan, cellulose, alginate, starch, pectin, pullulan, xanthan, salecan, etc.), engineered composition (presence of other organic and/or inorganic components), and sorption conditions on the removal performance of addressed pollutants will be carefully scrutinized. Particular attention will be paid to the sustainability aspects in the selected studies, particularly to composite selectivity and reusability, as well as to their use in fixed-bed columns and real wastewater applications.     

Removal of Toxic Metal‐Ion Pollutants from Water by Using Chemically Modified Carbon Powders

The thermodynamics of and the kinetic parameters controlling the sequestration of the toxic heavy‐metal ion Cd^II from aqueous media by using a novel material consisting of glassy carbon microspheres (10–20 μm in diameter) chemically modified with L ‐cysteine methyl ester are presented. In an effort to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of toxic‐metal‐ion removal, this modification strategy was expanded to attach L ‐cysteine methyl chemically ester to less‐expensive graphite powders (2–20 μm in diameter), and the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the sequestration of Cd^II, Cu^II, and As^III toxic metal ions are presented. It was found that the use of chemically modified graphite powder greatly increased both the rate and the amount of metal ions removed from aqueous media. This work has important potential applications to filtration of drinking water and environmental remediation.     

催化燃烧用金属整体催化反应器的制备及性能

采用浸涂方法制备了甲烷催化燃烧用金属．催化剂整体化反应器。该反应器以铁铬合金为金属载体,六铝酸盐为催化剂。讨论了制备过程中金属载体预处理、Al2O3中间层、分散剂种类等因素对催化剂附着稳定性的影响。结果表明：铁铬合金在1100℃处理5h有助于形成稳定的保护层;Al2O3中间层的存在阻碍了六铝酸盐的浸涂;六铝酸盐直接浸涂在金属载体上并在一定温度焙烧可形成附着性很好的催化剂层,使之用于催化燃烧反应获得了良好效果。     

Preparation of Magnetic-Activated Carbon Nanocomposite and Its Application for Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution

A nanocomposite of activated carbon and iron oxide was prepared and characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods. The prepared magnetic nanocomposite can be separated easily from water by an external magnet. The prepared magnetic nanocomposite was used as adsorbent for removal of Bismarck Brown (B.B.) as a dye pollutant from water. The adsorption studies include both equilibrium and kinetic aspects, and the results were modeled with different equations. The obtained results indicate that the prepared magnetic nanocomposite of iron oxide and activated carbon is one of the best adsorbents for the removal of B.B. from aqueous solution.     

牛血清白蛋白修饰毛细管整体柱的制备及组氨酸对映体分离

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为单体, 乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂, 环己醇和正十二醇混合溶液为致孔剂, 在最佳聚合条件下, 以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂, 制备了毛细管整体柱基质, 并且研究了单体、交联剂及致孔剂对整体柱基质孔结构及渗透性的影响; 使用Epoxy方法在基质表面键合BSA, 制得BSA修饰的毛细管整体柱. 将此毛细管整体柱应用于毛细管电色谱中, 成功地分离出了组氨酸对映体, 分离度良好.     

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Powder-Activated Carbon Adsorbents for the Removal of Nitrofurazone from Aqueous Solution

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and powder-activated carbon (PAC) were used as adsorbents for adsorption of nitrofurazone, a veterinary medicine, from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterized using FTIR transform infrared spectroscopy, N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms, and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of initial pH, contact time, and temperature on adsorption capacity of the adsorbents were investigated. For MWCNT and PAC, the result showed that when the pH value was ranged from 2.0 to 10.0, the dosage of adsorbent was 0.02 g, and adsorptive time is 4 hours, the removal efficiencies for nitrofurazone were 96.8% and 94.7%, and the corresponding maximum capacities at 283 K were close to 50.8 mgg^?1 and 59.9 mgg^?1, respectively. For nitrofurazone, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best fit to the experimental data. The Boyd model indicated the mechanism for adsorption processes was mainly external mass transfer, while the effect of particle internal diffusion was relatively weak. Liu model could best fit to the experimental data of isothermal adsorption. The data of adsorption thermodynamics showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous.     

Stber二氧化硅溶胶中氨水的去除方法

通过pH值、电导率和二氧化硅解离量的测定,研究了St ber二氧化硅溶胶的提纯过程.发现离心水洗很难完全去除体系中的氨水并且残留的氨水会影响二氧化硅粒子的化学稳定性.对二氧化硅溶胶进行酸处理后再提纯,可以大大加速提纯过程并消除氨水对二氧化硅粒子化学稳定性的影响.