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1.
The first supercritical fluid chromatography method for the determination of five major coumarins (dihydrosamidin, visnadin, samidin, khellin, and visnagin) in Ammi visnaga fruits is described. Their baseline separation was possible in less than 5 min by using a UPC2 HSS C18 SB column with 1.8 μm particle size and a mobile phase comprising CO2, methanol, acetonitrile, and diethylamine. The type of stationary phase used was of particular relevance because, except for the selected one, the others did not resolve the two structural isomers dihydrosamidin and visnadin. Method validation confirmed that the procedure is linear (R2 ≥ 0.9996) in a concentration range from 6 to 480 μg/mL, it is accurate (recovery rates: 97.2–103.6%) and precise (intraday deviation ≤ 6.6%, intraday deviation ≤ 1.7%); injecting 1 μL of standard solution, the determined limit of detection was below 1.9 μg/mL for all compounds. The analysis of different A. visnaga samples revealed their similar compositions, and khellin (0.75–1.01%) and visnagin (0.18–0.46%) were the dominant coumarins. Visnadin and dihydrosamidin, the individual quantification of which is described for the first time, were present at concentrations below 0.14%.  相似文献   

2.
Phenols were extracted from the Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) shell (PAS) using ethanol. A Plackett–Burman assessment indicated that the factors affecting polyphenol extraction included the ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, liquid to solid ratio, extraction time, and reflux extraction times; the best extraction parameters were the ethanol concentration of 75%, a 20:1 liquid to solid ratio, and an extraction time of 2.1 h. The number of polyphenols was 7.216 mg/g. Furthermore, the phenol composition analysis showed the presence of p-Coumaric acid (196.88 mg /mL) and rutin (312.9 mg /mL), which were used for the in vitro extraction and determination of the antioxidant activity. According to the A, B, C, and D antioxidant activity assays, the ethyl acetate phase was the strongest with low IC50 values of 0.169 ± 0.01 mg/mL, 0.289 ± 0.01 mg/mL, 0.372 ± 0.01 mg/mL, and 1.029 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively, confirming high antioxidant activity. For the n-butanol and petroleum ether phases, antioxidant activity was lower. This study showed that the polyphenol extract from Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) shell displayed excellent antioxidant activity, enhancing its practical application.  相似文献   

3.
Two furanochromones and one furanochromone glycoside were isolated from the fruits of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. They were identified as khellin, visnagin, and khellol glycoside by interpretation of spectral analyses. Quantitative determination of furanochromones in A. visnaga (L.) ripe fruits from Hatay region (Turkey) was carried out by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and gas chromatography. In addition, photochemical properties of furanochromones and chemical composition of essential oil were determined.  相似文献   

4.
Solubility of phytoconstituents depends on the polarity of the extraction medium used, which might result in the different pharmacological responses of extracts. In line with this, ethnomedicinally important food plant (i.e., Caralluma tuberculata extracts) have been made in fourteen distinct solvent systems that were then analyzed phytochemically via total phenolic amount estimation, total flavonoid amount estimation, and HPLC detection and quantification of the selected polyphenols. Test extracts were then subjected to a battery of in vitro assays i.e., antioxidants (DDPH scavenging, antioxidant capacity, and reducing power estimation), antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antileishmanial), cytotoxic (brine shrimps, THP-1 human leukemia cell lines and normal lymphocytes), and protein kinase inhibition assays. Maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents were computed in distilled water–acetone and acetone extracts (i.e., 16 ± 1 μg/mg extract and 8 ± 0.4/mg extract, respectively). HPLC-DAD quantified rutin (0.58 µg/mg extract) and gallic acid (0.4 µg/mg extract) in methanol–ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively. Water–acetone extract exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging of 36 ± 1%. Total reducing potential of 76.0 ± 1 μg/mg extract was shown by ethanol chloroform while maximum total antioxidant capacity was depicted by the acetone extract (92.21 ± 0.70 μg/mg extract). Maximal antifungal effect against Mucor sp., antileishmanial, brine shrimp cytotoxicity, THP-1 cell line cytotoxicity, and protein kinase inhibitory activities were shown by ethyl acetate-methanol (MIC: 50 µg/disc), n-hexane (IC50: 120.8 ± 3.7 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (LD50: 29.94 ± 1.6 µg/mL), distilled water–acetone (IC50: 118 ± 3.4 µg/mL) and methanol–chloroform (ZOI: 19 ± 1 mm) extracts, respectively. Our findings show the dependency of phytochemicals and bioactivities on the polarity of the extraction solvent and our preliminary screening suggests the C. tuberculata extract formulations to be tested and used in different ailments, however, detailed studies remain necessary for corroboration with our results.  相似文献   

5.
Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera) is a herbaceous plant, cultivated worldwide and known for its biological benefits. The aim of this study is the investigation of the chemical composition as well as the determination of the biological potential of different grape stem extracts obtained by maceration and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The HPLC analysis of the tested extracts led to the identification of 28 compounds of which 17 were identified for the first time in grape plants, in addition to seven revealed in the stem part for the first time. Twenty-nine volatile molecules have been detected by GC-MS in the grape stem part; among them seven were identified for the first time in the grape plant. For the biological analysis, the ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) obtained by maceration showed a significant potential regarding antioxidant activity (IC50 = 42.5 µg/mL), anti-Alzheimer (IC50 = 14.1 µg/mL), antidiabetic (IC50 = 13.4 µg/mL), cytotoxic with HCT-116 (IC50 = 12.5 µg/mL), and anti-inflammatory (IC50 = 26.6 µg/mL) activities, as well as showing the highest polyphenol content (207.9 mg GAE/g DW).  相似文献   

6.
Paulownia bark is mostly utilized jointly with wood, but the possibility of a separate valorization through the pressurized extraction of bark bioactives has been assessed. Subcritical water extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction are green technologies allowing shorter times than conventional solvent extraction under atmospheric shaken conditions. Subcritical water extraction was carried out at temperatures ranging from 140 to 240 °C and supercritical CO2 extraction was performed at different pressures (10, 20 and 30 MPa), temperatures (35, 45 and 55 °C) and ethanol concentrations (0, 10 and 15% (w/w)). Subcritical water extraction under a non-isothermal operation during heating up to 160 °C (19 min) provided extraction yields up to 30%, and the extracts contained up to 7% total phenolics with an ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging capacity equivalent to 35% the activity of Trolox, whereas at 240 °C, the yield decreased to 20%, but the phenolic content reached 21%, and the antiradical activity was equivalent to 85% of Trolox. Supercritical CO2 extraction at 30 MPa, 45 °C and 30 min reached a global yield of 2% after 180 min of extraction, but the product showed very low antiradical capacity. Gallic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin and apigenin were the major phenolic compounds found in the extracts.  相似文献   

7.
Phenolic compounds present in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been reported to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protective properties. UVR from sunlight, which consists of UV-B and UV-A radiations, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radical formation, consequently activating proteinases and enzymes such as elastase and tyrosinase, leading to premature skin aging. The objective of this work was to extract, characterize and evaluate the antioxidant and antiaging potential of polyphenols from a black bean endemic variety. The polyphenolic extract was obtained from black beans by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2 with a mixture of water–ethanol as a cosolvent and conventional leaching with a mixture of water–ethanol as solvent. The polyphenolic extracts were purified and characterized, and antioxidant potential, tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory potentials were measured. The extract obtained using the SFE method using CO2 and H2O–Ethanol (50:50 v/v) as a cosolvent showed the highest total phenolic compounds yield, with 66.60 ± 7.41 mg GAE/g coat (p > 0.05) and 7.30 ± 0.64 mg C3GE/g coat (p < 0.05) of anthocyanins compared to conventional leaching. Nineteen tentative phenolic compounds were identified in leaching crude extract using ESI-QTOF. Quercetin-3-D-galactoside was identified in crude and purified extracts. The purified SFC extract showed IC50 0.05 ± 0.002 and IC50 0.21 ± 0.008 mg/mL for DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The lowest IC50 value of tyrosinase inhibition was 0.143 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 0.005 ± 0.003 mg/mL of elastase inhibition for leaching purified extract. Phenolic compounds presented theoretical free energy values ranging from −5.3 to −7.8 kcal/mol for tyrosinase and −2.5 to −6.8 kcal/mol for elastase in molecular docking (in silico) studies. The results suggest that the purified extracts obtained by SFE or conventional leaching extraction could act as antioxidant and antiaging ingredients for cosmeceutical applications.  相似文献   

8.
The study aims to determine the secondary metabolites of Hypericum androsaemum L. extracts by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), and investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the plant. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by MTT assay, and apoptosis induction abilities on human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3), and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Accordingly, major secondary metabolites were found as hederagenin (762 ± 70.10 μg/g) in the leaves dichloromethane (LD), herniarin (167 ± 1.50 μg/g) in fruit dichloromethane (FD), (-)-epicatechin (6538 ± 235.36 μg/g) in the leaves methanol (LM), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (758 ± 20.46 μg/g) in the fruit methanol (FM), and caffeic acid (370 ± 8.88 μg/g) in the fruit water (FW), and (3313 ± 79.51 μg/g) in the leaves water (LW) extracts. LM exerted strong antioxidant activity in DPPH free (IC50 10.94 ± 0.08 μg/mL), and ABTS cation radicals scavenging (IC50 9.09 ± 0.05 μg/mL) activities. FM exhibited cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 73.23 ± 3.06 µg/mL and 31.64 ± 2.75 µg/mL on PC-3 and Hep G2 cell lines, respectively. Being the richest extract in terms of quillaic acid (630 ± 18.9 μg/g), which is a well-known cytotoxic triterpenoid with proven apoptosis induction ability on different cells, FM extract showed apoptosis induction activity with 64.75% on PC-3 cells at 50 μg/mL concentration. The study provides promising results about the potential of Hypericum androsaemum on cancer prevention.  相似文献   

9.
This study aimed to develop an effective technique for extracting total anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Mianzishu 9) (PSP9) by ultrasound-assisted compound enzymatic extraction (UAEE). Single-factor experiments, Plackett-Burman experimental design, and response surface methodology were utilized for optimizing extraction conditions, and the antioxidant activities were evaluated. Anthocyanins were also measured using an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph linked to a mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS). The maximum yield of total anthocyanins was 2.27 mg/g under the following conditions: the ethanol concentration was 78%, the material-to-liquid ratio was 1:15 g/mL, the enzyme ratio (cellulase: pectinase: papain) was 2:2:1 and its hydrolysis was at 41 °C, pH = 4.5, 1.5 h, the ultrasonication was at 48 °C and conducted twice for 20 min each time. In addition to higher yield, anthocyanins extracted from purple sweet potato by UAEE showed great ability to scavenge DPPH (IC50 of 0.089 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 of 100.229 μg/mL). Five anthocyanins were found in the purple sweet potato extract from UAEE. Taken together, the ultrasound-assisted compound enzymatic method can rapidly and effectively extract anthocyanins with greater antioxidant capacity from purple sweet potato.  相似文献   

10.
Lycopene, β-carotene and ω-fatty acids are major compounds in tomatoes with known antioxidant activity, capable of preventing health disorders. The identification of potential natural sources of antioxidants, extraction efficiencies and antioxidant activity assessments are essential to promote such products to be used in the food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries. This work presents four added-value products recovered from tomatoes: pigmented solid oleoresin, pigmented oil and two raw extracts from supercritical and Soxhlet extraction. Different parameters including the matrices of tomatoes, extraction methods, green solvents and operating parameters were varied to obtain extracts with different qualities. Extract analysis was performed using UV–VIS, FT–IR, GC–MS, Folin–Ciocalteu and DPPH methods. The highest-quality extract was the solid oleoresin obtained from pomace using supercritical CO2 extraction at 450 bar, 70 °C and 11 kg/h: 1016.94 ± 23.95 mg lycopene/100 g extract, 154.87 ± 16.12 mg β-carotene/100 g extract, 35.25 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g extract and 67.02 ± 5.11% inhibition DPPH. The economic feasibility of the three extraction processes (1:10:100 kg dried pomace/batch as scalability criterion) was evaluated. The most profitable was the supercritical extraction process at the highest capacity, which produces pigmented solid oleoresin and oil with high content of lycopene valorized with a high market price, using natural food waste (pomace).  相似文献   

11.
Lactic acid fermentation increases the bioactive properties of shrimp waste. Astaxanthin is the principal carotenoid present in shrimp waste, which can be found esterified in the liquid fraction (liquor) after its lactic acid fermentation. Supercritical CO2 technology has been proposed as a green alternative to obtain astaxanthin from fermented shrimp waste. This study aimed to optimize astaxanthin extraction by supercritical CO2 technology from fermented liquor of shrimp waste and study bioaccessibility using simulated gastrointestinal digestion (GD) of the optimized extract. A Box–Behnken design with three variables (pressure, temperature, and flow rate) was used to optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction. The optimized CO2 extract was obtained at 300 bar, 60 °C, and 6 mL/min, and the estimated characteristics showed a predictive extraction yield of 11.17%, antioxidant capacity of 1.965 mmol of Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, and astaxanthin concentration of 0.6353 µg/g. The experiment with optimal conditions performed to validate the predicted values showed an extraction yield of 12.62%, an antioxidant capacity of 1.784 mmol TE/g, and an astaxanthin concentration of 0.52 µg/g. The astaxanthin concentration decreased, and the antioxidant capacity of the optimized extract increased during gastrointestinal digestion. In conclusion, our optimized supercritical CO2 process is suitable for obtaining astaxanthin from shrimp by-products after lactic acid fermentation.  相似文献   

12.
Hemerocallis fulva is a medical and edible plant. In this study, we optimized the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process of extracting flavonoids from Hemerocallis fulva leaves by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum extraction conditions generating the maximal total flavonoids content was as follows: 70.6% ethanol concentration; 43.9:1 mL/g solvent to sample ratio; 61.7 °C extraction temperature. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the total flavonoid content (TFC) in eight Hemerocallis fulva varieties were determined, and H. fulva (L.) L. var. kwanso Regel had the highest TFC. The cytotoxicity of the extract was studied using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8 assay). When the concentration was less than 1.25 mg/mL, the extract had no significant cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells. The antioxidant activity was measured via chemical antioxidant activity methods in vitro and via cellular antioxidant activity methods. The results indicated that the extract had a strong ABTS and •OH radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the extract had an excellent protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL, which could effectively reduce the level of ROS to 106.681 ± 9.733% (p < 0.001), compared with the 163.995 ± 6.308% of the H2O2 group. We identified five flavonoids in the extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Infrared spectroscopy indicated that the extract contained the structure of flavonoids. The results showed that the extract of Hemerocallis fulva leaves had excellent biocompatibility and antioxidant activity, and could be used as a cheap and potential source of antioxidants in the food, cosmetics, and medicine industries.  相似文献   

13.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for separation of the furochromone fraction and for determination of visnagin inAmmi visnagahairy root cultures. Lyophilized samples were extracted with chloroform:methanol (1:1, v/v) and purified on solid-phase extraction cartridges. HPLC analyses were performed on a Eurospher 100-C8Knauer column and the mobile phase was 29:28:526:417 (v/v/v/v) acetonitrile:tetrahydrofuran:30 mM citric acid (pH 3.0):methanol. Quercetin was used as internal standard. Peaks were identified by addition of authentic standards and/or by diode-array detection.  相似文献   

14.
Five glutinous purple rice cultivars and non-glutinous purple rice cultivated in different altitudes in the north of Thailand were collected. The samples were extracted using ethanol and determined for anthocyanins using HPLC. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens were investigated. The highland glutinous cultivar named Khao’ Gam Luem-Phua (KGLP) extract had significantly high levels of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, TPC, and TFC, as well as exerting a potent antioxidant activity through ABTS assay (524.26 ± 4.63 VCEAC, mg l-ascorbic-ascorbic/g extract), lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 19.70 ± 0.31 µg/mL), superoxide anions (IC50 = 11.20 ± 0.25 µg/mL), nitric oxide (IC50 = 17.12 ± 0.56 µg/mL), a suppression effect on nitric oxide (IC50 = 18.32 ± 0.82 µg/mL), and an inducible nitric oxide synthase production (IC50 = 23.43 ± 1.21 µg/mL) in combined lipopolysaccharide-interferon-γ-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Additionally, KGLP also exhibited antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. These results indicate that Thai glutinous purple rice cultivated on the highland could be a potent natural source of antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and antimicrobial agents for use as a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient in functional food and nutraceutical products.  相似文献   

15.
Nowadays, many studies focus on the potential of bamboo as a source of bioactive compounds and natural antioxidants for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food sources. This study is a pioneering effort to determine the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activity, as well as the phenolic identification and quantification of Bambusa beecheyana. The study was conducted by using ethanol, methanol, and water for solvent extraction by applying cold maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction techniques. The results showed that Soxhlet and ultrasonic-assisted Bambusa beecheyana culm extracts had an increase in the extract’s dry yield (1.13–8.81%) but a constant p-coumaric acid (4) content (0.00035 mg/g) as compared to the extracts from the cold maceration. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction method required only a small amount (250 mL) of solvent to extract the bamboo culms. A significant amount of total phenolics (107.65 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (43.89 ± 0.05 mg QE/g) were found in the Soxhlet methanol culm extract. The extract also possessed the most potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 40.43 µg/mL as compared to the positive control, ascorbic acid. The UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS analysis was carried out on the Soxhlet methanol extract, ultrasonic-assisted extract at 40 min, and cold methanol extract. The analysis resulted in the putative identification of a total of five phenolics containing cinnamic acid derivatives. The two cinnamic acid derivatives, p-coumaric acid (4) and 4-methoxycinnamic acid (5), were then used as markers to quantify the concentration of both compounds in all the extracts. Both compounds were not found in the water extracts. These results revealed that the extract from Soxhlet methanol of Bambusa beecheyana could be a potential botanical source of natural antioxidants. This study provides an important chemical composition database for further preclinical research on Bambusa beecheyana.  相似文献   

16.
The objective of this work was to investigate the antidiabetic, antiglycation, and antioxidant potentials of ethanolic extract of seeds of Brazilian Passiflora edulis fruits (PESE), a major by-product of the juice industry, and piceatannol (PIC), one of the main phytochemicals of PESE. PESE, PIC, and acarbose (ACB) exhibited IC50 for alpha-amylase, 32.1 ± 2.7, 85.4 ± 0.7, and 0.4 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively, and IC50 for alpha-glucosidase, 76.2 ± 1.9, 20.4 ± 7.6, and 252 ± 4.5 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of PESE, PIC, and sitagliptin (STG) for dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) was 71.1 ± 2.6, 1137 ± 120, and 0.005 ± 0.001 µg/mL, respectively. PESE and PIC inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) with IC50 of 366 ± 1.9 and 360 ± 9.1 µg/mL for the initial stage and 51.5 ± 1.4 and 67.4 ± 4.6 µg/mL for the intermediate stage of glycation, respectively. Additionally, PESE and PIC inhibited the formation of β-amyloid fibrils in vitro up to 100%. IC50 values for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity of PESE and PIC were 20.4 ± 2.1, and 6.3 ± 1.3 µg/mL, respectively. IC50 values for scavenging hypochlorous acid (HOCl) were similar in PESE, PIC, and quercetin (QCT) with values of 1.7 ± 0.3, 1.2 ± 0.5, and 1.9 ± 0.3 µg/mL, respectively. PESE had no cytotoxicity to the human normal bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B), and alpha mouse liver (AML-12) cells up to 100 and 50 µg/mL, respectively. However, 10 µg/mL of the extract was cytotoxic to non-malignant breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). PESE and PIC were found to be capable of protecting cultured human cells from the oxidative stress caused by the carcinogen NNKOAc at 100 µM. The in vitro evidence of the inhibition of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and DPP-4 enzymes as well as antioxidant and antiglycation activities, warrants further investigation of the antidiabetic potential of P. edulis seeds and PIC.  相似文献   

17.
Ammi majus L., an indigenous plant in Egypt, is widely used in traditional medicine due to its various pharmacological properties. We aimed to evaluate the anticancer properties of Ammi majus fruit methanol extract (AME) against liver cancer and to elucidate the active compound(s) and their mechanisms of action. Three fractions from AME (Hexane, CH2Cl2, and EtOAc) were tested for their anticancer activities against HepG2 cell line in vitro (cytotoxicity assay, cell cycle analysis, annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay, and autophagy efflux assay) and in silico (molecular docking). Among the AME fractions, CH2Cl2 fraction revealed the most potent cytotoxic activity. The structures of compounds isolated from the CH2Cl2 fraction were elucidated using 1H- and 13C-NMR and found that Compound 1 (xanthotoxin) has the strongest cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells (IC50 6.9 ± 1.07 µg/mL). Treating HepG2 cells with 6.9 µg/mL of xanthotoxin induced significant changes in the DNA-cell cycle (increases in apoptotic pre-G1 and G2/M phases and a decrease in the S-phase). Xanthotoxin induced significant increase in Annexin-V-positive HepG2 cells both at the early and late stages of apoptosis, as well as a significant decrease in autophagic flux in cancer compared with control cells. In silico analysis of xanthotoxin against the DNA-relaxing enzyme topoisomease II (PDB code: 3QX3) revealed strong interaction with the key amino acid Asp479 in a similar fashion to that of the co-crystallized inhibitor (etoposide), implying that xanthotoxin has a potential of a broad-spectrum anticancer activity. Our results indicate that xanthotoxin exhibits anticancer effects with good biocompatibility toward normal human cells. Further studies are needed to optimize its antitumor efficacy, toxicity, solubility, and pharmacokinetics.  相似文献   

18.
In the present work, essential oil and fatty acids and extracts obtained from aerial parts of Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal. were investigated for chemical composition and biological activities. The phytochemical analyses were conducted with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detector (GC-MS/FID) and liquid chromatography-mass spectromtetry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. The extracts and essential oil were studied for α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase activities with two different spectrophotometric methods. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were investigated by microdilution. The extracts were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxic effects against cancer and normal cell lines by MTT assay. The essential oil (EO) contained α-pinene (12.5%) and β-caryophyllene (10.7%) as main compounds. Palmitic (26.5%) and nonadecanoic acids (26.6%) were determined as fatty acids. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts found phenolic acids, phlinosides, verbascoside, and flavonoids. The extracts and essential oil demonstrated poor α-amylase inhibitory activity. The best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was obtained for diethly ether extract of P. linearis (67.2 ± 3.4%) at 10 mg /mL concentration. Ethyl acetate extract found to be effective against Staphlococcus aureus at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 156.26 µg/mL. Diethyl ether extract of P. linearis was active on A549 cell lines with an IC50 = 316 ± 4.16 µg/mL when compared with cisplatin IC50 = 24.43 ± 0.14 µg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first comprehensive report on anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-α-amylase, and antimicrobial activities, as well as cytotoxic effects of P. linearis.  相似文献   

19.
Parthenolide, a strong cytotoxic compound found in different parts of Tarchonanthus camphoratus which motivated the authors to develop an optimized microwave-assisted extraction (MEA) method using Box–Behnken design (BBD) for efficient extraction of parthenolide from the stem of T. camphoratus and its validation by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and cytotoxic analysis. The optimized parameters for microwave extraction were determined as: 51.5 °C extraction temperature, 50.8 min extraction time, and 211 W microwave power. A quadratic polynomial model was found the most suitable model with R2 of 0.9989 and coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.2898%. The high values of adjusted R2 (0.9974), predicted R2 (0.9945), and signal-to-noise ratio (74.23) indicated a good correlation and adequate signal, respectively. HPTLC analyzed the parthenolide (Rf = 0.16) content in T. camphoratus methanol extract (TCME) at λmax = 575 nm and found it as 0.9273% ± 0.0487% w/w, which was a higher than expected yield (0.9157% w/w). The TCME exhibited good cytotoxicity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 = 30.87 and 35.41 µg/mL, respectively), which further supported our findings of high parthenolide content in TCME. This optimized MAE method can be further applied to efficiently extract parthenolide from marketed herbal supplements containing different Tarconanthus species.  相似文献   

20.
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants is an annual or ephemeral perennial herb used traditionally in the Mediterranean region in folk medicine to treat various illnesses, including those related to the digestive system. This study aims to assess the antispasmodic, myorelaxant, and antioxidant effects of D. ambrosioides flower hydroethanolic extract and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions in a comparative study to evaluate the result of the extraction type on the potential activity of the extract. Both rat and rabbit jejunum were used to evaluate the antispasmodic and myorelaxant effect, while the antioxidant effect was evaluated using DPPH, a ferric reducing power assay, and a beta-carotene bleaching test. LC/MS-MS analysis was carried out to reveal the composition of the different types of extract. Following the results, the hydroethanolic extract showed a significant myorelaxant effect (IC50 = 0.39 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Moreover, it was shown that the hydroethanolic extract demonstrated the best antispasmodic activity (IC50 = 0.51 ± 0.05 mg/mL), followed by the ethyl acetate (IC50 = 4.05 ± 0.32 mg/mL) and chloroform (IC50 = 4.34 ± 0.45 mg/mL) fractions. The antioxidant tests showed that the hydroethanolic extract demonstrated high antioxidant activity, followed by the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. The LC/MS-MS analysis indicates that the plant extract was rich in flavonoids, to which the extract activity has been attributed. This study supports the traditional use of this plant to treat digestive problems, especially those with spasms.  相似文献   

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