A new $N^{}$ resonance as a hadronic molecular state

We report our recent work on a hadronic molecule state of the KKN system with I =1/2 and jR = 1/2＋. We assume that the A（1405） resonance and the scalar mesons, f0（980）, ao（980）, are reproduced as quasi-bound states of KN and KK, respectively. Performing non-relativistic three-body calculations with a variational method for this system, we find a quasibound state of the KIlN system around 1910 MeV below the three-body breakup threshold. This state corresponds to a new baryon resonance of N＊ with JP ： 1/2＋. We find also that this resonance has the cluster structure of the two-body bound states keeping their properties as in the isolated two-particle systems. We also briefly discuss another hadronic molecular state composed by two K and one N, which corresponds to a resonance.     

Atomic N00N state generation in distant cavities by virtual excitations

A general scheme of generating N00N states of virtually-excited 2N atoms is proposed. The two cavities are fibre-connected with N atoms in each cavity. Although we focus on the case of N=2, the system can be extended to a few atoms with N>2. It is found that all 2N atoms can be entangled in the form of N00N states if the atoms in the first cavity are initially in the excited states and atoms in the second cavity are all in the ground states. The feasibility of the scheme is carefully discussed, it shows that the N00N state with a few atoms can be generated with good fidelity and the scheme is feasible in experiment.     

Atomic NOON state generation in distant cavities by virtual excitations

A general scheme of generating NOON states of virtually-excited 2N atoms is proposed. The two cavities are fibre-connected with N atoms in each cavity. Although we focus on the case of N = 2, the system can be extended to a few atoms with N 〉2. It is found that all 2N atoms can be entangled in the form of NOON states if the atoms in the first cavity are initially in the excited states and atoms in the second cavity are all in the ground states. The feasibility of the scheme is carefully discussed, it shows that the NOON state with a few atoms can be generated with good fidelity and the scheme is feasible in experiment.     

B（E2） value of even-even ^108-112Pd isotopes by interacting boson model-1

This work studies the systematic reduced transition probabilities B（E2）↓, intrinsic quadrupole moments and deformation parameters of Pd isotopes with even neutrons from N =62 to 66. The downward reduced transition probabilities B（E2）↓from gamma transition 8^＋to 6^＋, 6^＋ to 4^＋, 4^＋ to 2^＋ and 2^＋ to 0＋states of even-even108 112Pd isotopes were calculated by the Interacting Boson Model（IBM-1） and compared with the available previous experimental results. The ratio of the excitation energies of the first 4＋and the first 2＋excited states, R4/2, is also studied for the classification of symmetry of these nuclei. Furthermore we have studied systematically the transition rate R = B（E2： L＋ →（L 2）＋）/B（E2 ： 2＋ →0＋） of some of the low-lying quadrupole collective states in comparison with the available experimental data. The associated quadrupole moments and deformation parameters have been calculated. The results of this calculation are in good agreement with the corresponding available experimental data. The108 112Pd isotopes show the O（6） symmetry.     

Single photo and electroproduction of pions at EBAC@JLAB

Within the Excited Baryon Analysis Center we have performed a dynamical coupled-channels analysis of the available p（e,e＇π）N data in the region of W ≤ 1.6 GeV and Q2 ≤1.45 （GeV/c）2. The channels included are γ＊N, π＊N, ηN, and ηN which has π△, pN, and σN components. With the hadronic parameters of the model determined in our previous investigations of πN→ πN reaction, we have found that the available data in the considered W ≤ 1.6 GeV region can be fitted well by only adjusting the bare γ＊N → N＊ helicity amplitudes for the lowest N＊ states in P33, P11, S11 and D13 partial waves. The meson cloud effect, as required by the unitarity conditions, on the γ＊N → N＊ form factors are examined.     

Spectroscopy of Low-lying States in Odd-Z Odd-A Nuclei Beyond Lead

Low-lying states in odd-Z odd-mass nuclei at the proton drip-line beyond lead have recently been studied through fusion-evaporation reactions using a gas-filled recoil separator. Isomeric 1/2+ and 13/2+ states have been observed in odd-mass astatine and francium nuclei. The systematic behaviour of the level energies of these states have been studied and a similarity between the 1/2+ state in astatine and francium has been found. Furthermore, the 13/2+ state has been observed in the francium nuclei with an oblate behaviour suggesting a coupling of the i_13/2 proton to the 2p-2h intruder excitation.     

Octupole deformation for Ba isotopes in a reflection-asymmetric relativistic mean-field approach

The potential energy surfaces of even-even 142-156Ba are investigated in the constrained reflectionasymmetric relativistic mean-field approach with parameter set PK1. It is shown that for the ground states, 142Ba is near spherical,156Ba well quadrupole-deformed, and in between 144-154Ba octupole deformed. In particular, the nuclei 148,150Ba with N=92, 94 have the largest octupole deformations. By including the octupole degree of freedom, energy gaps N = 88, N = 94 and Z = 56 near Fermi surfaces for the singleparticle levels in 148Ba with β2 ～ 0.26 and β3 ～ 0.17 are found. Furthermore, the performance of the octupole deformation driving pairs （ν2f7/2, ν1i13/2） and （π2d5/2, π1h11/2） is demonstrated by analyzing the singleparticle levels near Fermi surfaces in 148Ba.     

ELECTRON-ELECTRON CORRELATION IN THE HELIUM 3De DOUBLY EXCITED STATES

The qualitative features of the electron-electron correlation in the helium ³D^e doubly excited states have been investigated via an example of the N = 3, n=4 series. The angular, radial-angular and radial-radial correlations have been shown in detail and the anisotropism of the electronic cloud has been found. The features of the ³D^e states have been compared with those of the L≤1 states.     

Octupole deformation for Ba isotopes in a reflection-asymmetric relativistic mean-field approach

The potential energy surfaces of even-even 142-156Ba are investigated in the constrained reflectionasymmetric relativistic mean-field approach with parameter set PK1. It is shown that for the ground states, 142Ba is near spherical,156Ba well quadrupole-deformed, and in between 144-154Ba octupole deformed. In particular, the nuclei 148,150Ba with N=92, 94 have the largest octupole deformations. By including the octupole degree of freedom, energy gaps N = 88, N = 94 and Z = 56 near Fermi surfaces for the singleparticle levels in 148Ba with β2 ～ 0.26 and β3 ～ 0.17 are found. Furthermore, the performance of the octupole deformation driving pairs (ν2f7/2, ν1i13/2) and (π2d5/2, π1h11/2) is demonstrated by analyzing the singleparticle levels near Fermi surfaces in 148Ba.     

The theoretical study on the potential energy curves for X^1 ∑^＋, A^1 ⅡI and C^1 ∑^- states of SiO molecule

This paper applies the symmetry-aziapted-cluster/symmetry-adapted-cluster configuration-interaction （SAC/SACCI） method to optimize the structures for X^1∑^＋, A^1 Ⅱ and C^1 ∑^- states of SiO molecule with the basis sets D95＋＋, 6-311＋＋G and 6-311＋＋G^＊＊. Comparing the obtained results with the experiments, it gets the conclusion that the basis set 6-311＋＋G^＊＊ is most suitable for the optimal structure calculations of X^1.∑^＋, A^Ⅱ and C^1∑^- states of SiO molecule. The whole potential energy curves for these electronic states are further scanned by using SAC/6-311＋＋G^＊＊ method for the ground state and SAC-CI/6-311＋＋G^＊＊ method for the excited states, then use a least square method to fit Murrell~Sorbie functions, at last the spectroscopic constants and force constants are calculated, which are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Exploring the light-quark interaction

Two basic motivations for an upgraded JLab facility are the needs： to determine the essential nature of light-quark confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking （DCSB）; and to understand nucleon structure and spectroscopy in terms of QCD＇s elementary degrees of freedom. During the next ten years a programme of experiment and theory will be conducted that can address these questions. We present a Dyson- Schwinger equation perspective on this effort with numerous illustrations, amongst them： an interpretation of string~breaking; a symmetry-preserving truncation for mesons; the nucleon＇s strangeness σ-term; and the neutron＇s charge distribution.     

QQqq Four-Quark Bound States in Chiral SU（3） Quark Model

Abstract The possibility of QQqq heavy-light four-quark bound states has been analyzed by means of the chiral SU（3） quark model, where Q is the heavy quark （c or b） and q is the light quark （u, d, or s）. We obtain a bound state for the bbnn configuration with quantum number JR=1^＋, I = 0 and for the ccnn （JR=1^＋, I=O） configuration, which is not bound but slightly above the D^＊ D^＊ threshold （n is u or d quark）. Meanwhile, we also conclude that a weakly bound state in bbnn system can also be found without considering the ehiral quark interactions between the two light quarks, yet its binding energy is weaker than that with the chiral quark interactions.     

Meson polarized distribution function and mass dependence of the nucleon parton densities

The polarized distribution functions of mesons, including pion, kaon and eta, using the proton structure function, are calculated. We are looking for a relationship between the polarized distribution of mesons and the polarized structure of nucleons. We show that the meson polarized parton distributions leads to zero total spin for the concerned mesons, considering the orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons inside the meson. Two separate Monte Carlo algorithms are applied to compute the polarized parton distributions of the kaon. Via the mass dependence of quark distributions, the distribution function of the eta meson is obtained. A new method by which the polarized sea quark distributions of protons are evolved separately which cannot be performed easily using the standard solution of DGLAP equations - is introduced. The mass dependence of these distributions is obtained, using the renormalization group equation which makes their evolutions more precise. Comparison between the evolved distributions and the available experimental data validates the suggested solutions for separated evolutions.     

Masses and Widths of Light Scalar Mesons in Chiral Perturbation Theory

Based on the diquark model, we assume that the light scalar mesons are q^2q^-2 states rather than qq^-. The chiral effective Lagrangian for the light scalar meson is constructed, and the mass relations are obtained： the isotriplet （a0） and the isosinglet （f0） are the heaviest and are degenerate, the isodoublets （κ） are heavier and the other isosinglet （σ） is the lightest; and 2Mκ^2 = Mα0^2＋ Mσ^2. Using experimental value for a0 and σ mass, we obtain Mκ=794 MeV, which is consistent with the experimental value. Then taking Г（a0^0 →ηπ^0） = 90 MeV and Г（f0→π^0π^0） = 20 MeV, we get the width of σ is： Г（σ0→π^＋π^-）= 150 MeV.     

Cumulants in the 3-dimensional Ising,O（2） and O（4） spin models

Based on the universal properties of a critical point in different systems and that the QCD phase transitions fall into the same universality classes as the 3-dimensional Ising, O（2） or O（4） spin models, the critical behavior of cumulants and higher cumulant ratios of the order parameter from the three kinds of spin models is studied. We found that all higher cumulant ratios change dramatically the sign near the critical temperature. The qualitative critical behavior of the same order cumulant ratio is consistent in these three models.     

Axial charges of N（1535） and N（1650） in two-flavor lattice QCD

We show the lattice QCD results on the axial charge gAN＊-N＊ of negative parity nucleon resonances, N＊（1535） and N＊（1650）, which are key clues to the chiral structure in baryon sector. The measurements are performed with up and down dynamical quarks employing the renormalization-group improved gauge action at β=1.95 and the O（a） improved clover quark action with the hopping parameters, κ=0.1375, 0.1390 and 0.1400. In order to properly separate signals of N＊ （1535） and N＊ （1650）, we construct 2 × 2 correlation matrices and diagonalize them. Wraparound contributions in the correlator, which can be another source of signal contaminations, are eliminated by imposing the Dirichlet boundary condition in the temporal direction. We find that the axial charge of N＊ （1535） takes small values as gAN＊N＊-O（0.1）, whereas that of N＊ （1650） is about 0.5, which is found independent of quark masses and consistent with the predictions by the naive nonrelativistic quark model.     

Study of Nucleon resonances in a chiral quark model via $\eta$ productions

In this report we investigate Wmeson productions on the proton via electromagnetic and hadron probes in a chiral quark model approach. The observables, such as, differential cross section and beam asymmetry for the two productions are calculated and compared with the experiment. The five known resonances S11（1535）,S11（1650）, P13（1720）, D13（1520）, and F15（1680） are found to be dominant in the reaction mechanisms in both channels. Significant contribution ＂missing resonances, no evidence is found within πp→ηn are also presented. from a new S11 resonances are deduced. For the so-called the investigated reactions. The partial wave amplitudes for     

Dynamically generated resonances from the vector octet-baryon decuplet interaction and their radiative decays into $\gamma$-baryon decuplet

The dynarnically generated resonances from vector meson-baryon decuplet are studied using La- grangians of the hidden gauge theory for vector interactions. One shows that some of the generated states can be associated with some known baryon resonances in the PDG data, while others are predictions for new states. Furthermore, we calculate the radiative decay widths of these resonances into a photon and a baryon decuplet.     

Dynamically generated resonances

In this talk I report on recent work related to the dynamical generation of baryonic resonances, some made up from pseudoscalar meson-baryon, others from vector meson-baryon and a third type from two meson-one baryon systems. We can establish a correspondence with known baryonic resonances, reinforcing conclusions previously drawn and bringing new light on the nature of some baryonic resonances of higher mass.     

η string formation in QCD chiral phase transition

In the paper we discuss the role of the axial U（1）A symmetry in the chiral phase transition using the U（Nf）R × U（Nf）L linear sigma model with two massless quark flavors. It is expected that above a certain temperature the axial U（1）A symmetry will be restored. A string-like static solution, the η string can be formed and detected in the ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision process.