SBA-15负载氧化铁催化剂上乙酸选择加氢制乙醛

制备了一系列SBA-15负载α-Fe₂O₃催化剂.研究了负载量、预还原温度和反应温度对乙酸选择加氢制乙醛反应的活性和选择性的影响.负载催化剂上乙醛的最高产率达到42.7%,比纯α-Fe₂O₃催化剂的32.2%高.催化剂表面Fe₃O₄和Fe⁰共存对提高反应性能有利.该反应有可能遵循Mars-vanKrevelen机理.     

煅烧温度对Mn改性γ-Fe2O3催化剂结构及低温SCR脱硝活性的影响

采用共沉淀法,在不同煅烧温度下制备一系列Mn改性γ-Fe₂O₃催化剂(Fe_0.7Mn_0.3O_z),研究了煅烧温度对Fe_0.7Mn_0.3O_z催化剂低温SCR脱硝活性的影响,并借助XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、EDS及SEM等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,350 ℃煅烧所得Fe_0.7Mn_0.3O_z催化剂的低温SCR活性最佳,在70 ℃时取得92%的NO_x转化率,100~200 ℃可维持100%的NO_x转化率,而450 ℃煅烧所得催化剂的低温SCR活性最低;煅烧温度为350 ℃时,催化剂具有最大的比表面积和比孔容、发达的孔隙结构及适当结晶度的γ-Fe₂O₃,而煅烧温度为400或450 ℃时,催化剂发生烧结且有α-Fe₂O₃生成,不利于低温SCR反应的进行,因此,Fe_0.7Mn_0.3O_z催化剂的最佳煅烧温度为350 ℃。     

Fe2O3-TiO2磁性复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能

以FeCl₃和Ti(C₄H₉O)₄为前驱体, 通过复合溶胶法制备了Fe₂O₃-TiO₂磁性复合光催化剂, 并用 XPS, XRD, SEM, EDS及BET进行了表征. 对亚甲基蓝的降解实验证明, Fe₂O₃的引入将复合材料的光响应范围扩展至可见光区, 且掺杂的Fe₂O₃摩尔分数为1.0%时, 样品可见光催化性能最高. 磁强计的测试结果显示, 复合光催化剂具有一定的磁性, 可在反应结束后利用磁场从体系分离, 使催化剂得到回收再利用.     

原位光沉积制备Z型α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4异质结及其可见光驱动光解水产氢性能

采用原位光沉积-煅烧法制得了Z型α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄异质结复合光催化剂。分别采用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱以及电化学测试对样品进行了表征,并考察了可见光下光解水产氢活性。结果表明:当α-Fe₂O₃的负载量为2.9%时,α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂具有最优的产氢催化活性,产氢速率高达1841.9μmol·g^-1·h^-1,约为g-C₃N₄的3.3倍。光催化性能的提高主要归因于3方面:(1)高温煅烧过程中α-Fe₂O₃的形成,有效促进了氮化碳片层的热剥离,增大了比表面积,从而为光催化反应提供了更多反应活性位;(2)超细α-Fe₂O₃颗粒(5~8 nm)高度均匀地分散在g-C₃N₄表面,并且与其紧密结合,形成了高质量的Z型异质结;(3)Z型异质结不仅有效抑制地了光生载流子的复合,同时极大地保留了g-C₃N₄导带电子的强还原性和α-Fe₂O₃价带空穴的强氧化性。     

具有光催化与光芬顿反应协同作用的2D/2D α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 S型异质结用于高效降解四环素

构建具有高效电荷迁移效率和丰富活性位点的异质结光催化体系是提升光芬顿反应速率的有效途径。本研究通过简单的水热法合成了2D/2D结构的α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ S型异质结光芬顿催化剂,并使用X射线衍射仪技术(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱(FTIR)和紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等分析手段对α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄的晶体结构、微观结构、化学组分和光学性质进行了详细的表征。通过在可见光照射下降解四环素,评测了α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄的催化活性。结果表明,光催化反应与芬顿反应的协同作用使α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ (1 : 1)展现出了优异的光芬顿催化活性：在可见光照射下,仅加入微量的双氧水便可辅助催化剂在20 min内对四环素的降解率达到78%,其降解速率分别是单一的α-Fe₂O₃和g-C₃N₄的3.5倍和5.8倍。α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄复合材料优异的催化活性得益于在2D/2D S型电荷迁移机制上构建的光芬顿催化体系。2D/2D S型异质结能够显著促进电子和空穴的传输与分离,并为催化剂提供较大的比表面积和丰富的活性位点,同时还能保持复合材料最佳的氧化还原能力。此外,光催化反应促进了Fe³⁺的还原,从而加速了芬顿反应中羟基自由基的产生。总之,本研究为构建高效、稳定的光芬顿催化体系提供了一条简单有效的途径。     

热处理气氛对α-Fe2O3光阳极光电化学性能影响研究

分别在空气和氮气中对水热制备的薄膜进行热处理获得了纳米棒状α-Fe₂O₃光阳极。对样品分别进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见吸收光谱和光电化学性能测试。与空气热处理获得的α-Fe₂O₃Air光阳极相比,氮气气氛热处理获得的α-Fe₂O₃光阳极正面光照电流密度显著提升达到0.42mA·cm^-2。正面光照下,α-Fe2O3N2光阳极的体内电荷分离效率ηbulk和表面电荷注入效率ηsurface都有较大增加,说明N2热处理明显增加了α-Fe₂O₃膜的载流子浓度,增强了体内载流子的传输和表面载流子注入效率。     

Sn、Ti掺杂改性γ-Fe2O3催化剂结构及NH3-SCR脱硝活性研究

采用共沉淀-微波热解法,制备一系列Sn、Ti掺杂改性γ-Fe₂O₃催化剂样品(γ-Fe_0.95Ti_0.05O_z、γ-Fe_0.95Sn_0.05O_z、γ-Fe_0.95Sn_0.025Ti_0.025O_z),研究Sn、Ti掺杂对γ-Fe₂O₃催化剂SCR脱硝活性的影响,借助XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、EDS及SEM等手段对催化剂晶相、孔结构、表面元素及微观形貌等进行表征分析。结果表明,Sn、Ti掺杂后以无定形态高度分散于γ-Fe₂O₃晶格中,与Fe形成固溶体;单一助剂Ti掺杂制得的γ-Fe_0.95Ti_0.05O_z 最高脱硝效率达98.3%,且在250~400 ℃脱硝效率保持90%以上;Ti掺杂可以细化γ-Fe₂O₃晶粒,优化2~100 nm孔径孔隙结构,抑制α-Fe₂O₃的生成,促使γ-Fe₂O₃形成细致、均匀、独立的球状颗粒,对SCR反应有利;Sn掺杂则使催化剂出现严重烧结现象,导致2~6 nm孔径孔结构贫乏,对SCR脱硝反应不利;在Sn、Ti协同作用下,催化剂表面氧铁原子物质的量比由1.83降至1.33,表面晶格氧显著下降,一定程度上限制了SCR反应速率的提高。     

Pd/Fe3O4-C催化剂对甲醇、乙醇和丙醇氧化的电催化活性

制备对醇氧化反应具有优异电活性的钯催化剂是醇燃料电池研究的重要内容。本文用硼氢化钠还原法制备了钯纳米颗粒, 然后沉积在Fe3O4/C复合物表面, 得到了不同Fe₃O₄负载量的Pd/Fe₃O₄-C催化剂. 透射电镜（TEM）图显示钯纳米颗粒均匀地分散在Fe₃O₄/C表面. 对制备好的Pd/Fe₃O₄-C催化剂进行了循环伏安法（CV）、计时电流（CA）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）的测试, 研究了其在碱性介质中对C1-C3醇类（甲醇、乙醇和丙醇）氧化的电催化活性. 结果表明, 所制备的不同Fe₃O₄负载量的Pd/Fe₃O₄(2%)-C,Pd/Fe₃O₄(5%)-C, Pd/Fe₃O₄(10%)-C和Pd/C催化剂中, Pd/Fe₃O₄(5%)-C催化剂表现出最高的醇氧化电流密度. 依据循环伏安（CV）数据,Pd/Fe₃O₄(5%)-C催化剂对甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇和异丙醇氧化的阳极峰电流密度分别是Pd/C催化剂的1.7、1.4、1.7和1.3倍. Pd/Fe₃O₄(5%)-C催化剂对乙醇氧化的电荷传递电阻也远低于Pd/C催化剂. 制备的所有催化剂对C1-C3醇类电氧化的电流密度大小排序如下: 正丙醇﹥乙醇﹥甲醇﹥异丙醇. 此外, 碳粉中Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的存在提高了钯纳米颗粒的电化学稳定性.     

费托合成铁基催化剂中Fe3O4含量对CO2选择性的影响

本研究以共沉淀法制备的α-Fe₂O₃催化剂为前驱体，通过调变碳化温度和碳化时间制备了不同物相组成的系列催化剂，采用XRD、M?ssbauer谱、XPS和Raman光谱等技术考察了催化剂体相和表面物相组成，在此基础上研究了不同条件下(不同CO转化率和H₂O分压)催化剂的物相组成与催化剂性能之间的关系，重点探究了费托合成条件下CO₂生成的活性相。结果表明，升高碳化温度和延长碳化时间有利于Fe₃O₄向碳化铁转变。在典型的费托合成条件下，催化剂的活性受到碳化铁含量和积炭程度的共同影响。当H₂O分压较低时，动力学因素限制了水煤气变换(WGS)反应的进行，CO₂选择性仅受CO转化率的影响，Fe₃O₄含量变化对CO₂选择性无明显影响；而在较高的H₂O分压下，随着催化剂中Fe₃O₄含量增加，CO     

Fe2O3晶型对Fe基催化剂的CO2加氢性能影响

以共沉淀法制备FeAl母体,采用浸渍法添加Zn、K和Cu助剂制成催化剂,利用低温N2物理吸附、XRD、H2-TPR等手段对FeAl母体和催化剂进行表征,并用固定床反应器考察它们的CO₂加氢反应性能。XRD结果表明,加入Al助剂、并采用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀能促进酌-Fe₂O₃晶相生成,其中,Al₂O₃/Fe₂O₃质量比为10%的母体具有最强的酌-Fe₂O₃衍射峰;加入Al使得母体中的a-Fe₂O₃晶粒粒径变小,引起比表面积明显增大;浸渍助剂过程没有改变上述两种效应。母体比表面积增大提高了助剂Cu的分散度,促进了催化剂还原,但酌-Fe₂O₃晶相的生成才是催化剂的CO₂加氢反应活性被提高的主要原因。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.