彩色液晶显示

随着信息技术的发展，对便携式的彩色显示的要求不断增加，彩色液显示器以其轻便、低功耗等优点得到了日益广泛的应用。本文简要介绍了彩色液晶显示的发展,重点介绍了现在广泛全彩色滤光膜的几种制作方法及其优缺点。还介绍了近期在场序方式及反射式彩色液晶显示方面的研究和进展情况。     

苏州医工所在阵列化LED制造研究中取得进展

<正>近年来,微纳米科学技术发展迅速,在产业化方面已经取得了不少进展。然而,实现高密度、规模化微纳米结构的批量操纵是实现芯片器件极具挑战性的关键因素之一。众所周知,利用光镊技术可以实现单个的微纳米结构操纵,然而大面积阵列的操纵是耗时的。实现芯片内高密度、规模化一维微纳米阵列特定对准取向制造是器件集成至关重要的挑战。氧化锌(ZnO)作为一维微纳米结构家族中最出色的一员,是一种直接宽带隙(3.3 eV)半导体,其激子束缚能为60 meV。它可应用于激光发射单元,场发射晶体管,光子探测器和发电机。氧化锌微纳米结构在室温下可以用作高效稳定的激子紫外(UV)辐射材料。直到现在,有少量的研     

应用于生物荧光检测的微流控芯片的研究

主要描述了用SU-8胶制造微流控芯片模具的方法,并在此基础上成功制备微流控芯片.讨论了其制备工艺流程,主要包括有前烘、中烘、光刻、显影等因素对模具的影响,提出了一个可供参考的模具制作工艺流程,并对抗粘层工艺进行了讨论,最终成功制作出模具.研究了用浇铸工艺制作PDMS微流控芯片的方法,利用聚焦的原理,实现粒径12微米左右待检测微球的单通和荧光检测,该芯片同时可以用于其它方面的生物检测.     

金刚石微铣刀头图形化法的制备研究

微细铣削加工技术是具有较高相对精度的精密三维微小零件的制造技术,微零件尺寸和精度在很大程度上依赖于微切削刀具的切削性能.CVD金刚石膜作为一种具有众多卓越特性的功能材料,是制造新型超硬微铣刀的优越刀具材料.本文开展了硅微模具图形化法沉积金刚石膜微铣刀头的实验研究,成功制作了特征尺寸为25 μm、50 μm和100 μm双层金刚石微铣刀头.SEM,ADE等分析结果表明采用的工艺能够获得表面质量好、形状和尺寸精度很高的金刚石微铣刀头,该工艺能够实现批量制造,是制作金刚石微铣刀的理想方法.     

铌酸锂基光伏微流体操控技术

光伏微流体操控技术利用非均匀光伏电荷场对流体目标的静电作用来实现非接触操控。近年来,基于铌酸锂的光伏微流体操控技术逐渐引起人们的关注,并有望成为铌酸锂基生物光子芯片微流体操控功能的关键支撑技术。与传统的全电微流体操控和光镊操控相比,铌酸锂基光伏微流体操控不需要外部电源供电,不需要复杂电极的制备,所需操控光强低,作用范围广,因此可以最大程度地避免外界对内部生物环境的污染和干扰。本文介绍了铌酸锂基光伏微流体操控的理论基础,系统阐述了铌酸锂基光伏微流体操控的近期研究进展。     

单分散SiO2微球的制备及疏水改性研究

采用改进的凝胶-溶胶法制备了200~800 nm的单分散SiO2微球,并通过真空冷冻干燥法得到不易团聚的单分散SiO2粉体,采用乙醇超临界方法对制备的SiO2微球进行疏水改性.通过扫描电镜和氮吸附-脱附分析仪对SiO2微球的表面形貌、粒径以及孔径分布进行表征;用傅里叶红外变换测试和测量接触角对疏水改性的SiO2微球进行分析.结果表明SiO2微球粒径随二次加入TEOS体积增加呈先增大后减小.经过乙醇超临界处理,SiO2微球表面成功接枝上了疏水烷基,微球尺寸越小,疏水性越好,其接触角高达149°,单次SiO2微球处理量对结果无明显影响.采用本方法可以单次处理12 g以上的SiO2微球,接触角均在140°左右,可充分满足实验室使用需求.经过真空冷冻技术和乙醇超临界技术得到疏水单分散SiO2微球粉体,具有不易团聚及单分散性良好的优点,能够作为胶体晶体原料和三维有序材料(3-DOM)模板剂进行广泛应用.     

GaAs微探尖的衬底选择刻蚀法剥离和转移

报道了一种用于制作扫描近场光学显微术(SNOM)传感头的GaAs微探尖的剥离和转移方法-GaAs衬底选择湿法刻蚀技术.利用扫描电子显微镜对转移后的微探尖进行了表征.结果表明,通过此方法能够成功地将GaAs微探尖转移到目标晶片上,并且在剥离和转移过程中微探尖没有受到损伤.这种技术对实现由带有PIN光探测器的垂直腔面发射激光器与GaAs微探尖的混合集成式SNOM传感头有着非常重要的应用价值.     

超薄二硫化钼强力挑战石墨烯

<正>在银行卡里配置微型CPU、液晶显示器和键盘,内置超薄微型电池,像电脑一样可视、操作。去年以来,一种超级金融IC卡大出风头成为智能卡的潮流新宠。但是,研发小身材、大容量的微型电池技术却成为限制超级金融IC卡普及和使用的一个短板。记者近日从南京理工大学了解到,该校夏晖副教授带领的课题组首创了一种三维纳米电极的制备方法,有望使三维微电池在保持一张A4纸厚度的前提下,相同面积的容量超出目前二维微电池的10倍。国庆前     

基于模型复制法的金刚石微结构制备研究

CVD金刚石膜是一种具有众多卓越特性的功能材料,在微机电系统(MEMS)领域有着广泛的应用前景.金刚石膜的精密微细图形化加工技术是将金刚石材料应用于MEMS微器件的关键技术.本文开展了金刚石微结构的制备实验研究,利用在硅微模具中沉积金刚石膜的方法成功制作了微细梁、微圆柱、十字结构、文字图形等一系列金刚石微结构.Raman、SEM、ADE等多种理化分析结果表明采用这种模型复制工艺能够获得表面质量好、图形复杂、形状和尺寸精度很高的金刚石微结构,并能够实现批量制造,是制作金刚石微器件的理想方法.     

晶圆级薄膜铌酸锂波导制备工艺与性能表征

随着光子集成和光通信技术的快速发展,低损耗波导是实现高效光子传输的关键元件,其性能直接影响整个集成芯片的性能。因此,低损耗波导的制备技术是当前铌酸锂集成光子技术研究的热点和难点。本研究针对晶圆级低损耗薄膜铌酸锂波导的制备工艺进行了深入研究,在4英寸的薄膜铌酸锂晶圆上,基于深紫外光刻和电感耦合等离子体刻蚀技术,成功制备出了传输损耗低于0.15 dB/cm的波导,同时刻蚀深度误差控制在10%以内,极大地提高了波导结构的精确度。此外,本研究还提出了一种基于微环谐振腔的晶圆上波导损耗的表征方案,能更精确地评估波导性能。通过测试,发现所制备的波导合格率超过85%,显示出良好的可重复性和可靠性。本文中发展的晶圆级薄膜铌酸锂加工工艺,对推进铌酸锂波导的大规模制备和应用具有重要意义。     

Conference Reports

Abstract

The 1995 Society for Information Display (90) International Symposium is the premier international gathering of scientists, engineers, technologists, manufacturers, and users of flat panel displays, where virtually all aspects of information displays are presented. The organizers, Richard H. Bruce (Symposium Chair) and Hugo Steemers (Programme Chair) of Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, did a magnificent job in arranging a programme that covered a wide range of technology and applications' from high definition flat panel displays of both emissive and liquid crystal display (LCD) technology t o the latest in CRT development and large area display projection systems. The symposium featured over 180 papers from around the world in 45 technical sessions; the conference papers are published in the SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers Vol. XXVI. It is very apparent just by paging through the Digest of Technical Paper that LCDs have entrenched themselves in the flat panel display community, and as the need for high information content continues t o grow, LCDs are expected to play an even bigger role. From the liquid crystal materials perspective, the conference was heavily weighted towards reflective displays, polymer dispersed liquid crystal displays for projection, alignment and viewing angle issues, and active matrix technologies.     

Computer Modelling of the Light Propagation through the Complex Anisotropy Systems - the way of a Determination of the Optical Parameters of the Liquid Crystal Displays

A mathematical and numerical method for an analysis of a liquid crystal displays (LCD) has been presented. The assumptions of the calculations of a light propagation through the display are shown. The real conditions of a work of these displays have been taken into account. Basing of this mathematical model a computer program for a numerical modelling of the optical parameters of LC displays working in real conditions has been worked out. This program makes possible to obtain the most important parameters of a display such as: contrast ratio, luminance in on- and off-state, spectral characteristics of light and its colour coordinates in these both states. The results obtained from this program have been verified experimentally. Very high conformity of these results has been obtained.     

Highly Birefringent Nematic Liquid Crystals for Reflective STN Applications

Abstract

An important parameter of any LCD containing portable electronic device is a low power requirement. The reflective STN display mode offers a moderate to high information content display with low power consumption. One method to realise colour in this mode is to use a large retardation (dΔn) value in the cell. For a cell gap of 6 μm, and a retardation of ?1.5, a birefringence (Δn) of greater than +0.2 is necessary. To achieve such a value in an STN LC mixture, materials with broad nematic range, good solubility and a Δn value of <+0.25 are required.

A study of the trans-cyclohexyldifluorophenyltolane core structure was made and a large number of dialkyl, alkenyl-alkyl and alkoxy materials were synthesised and characterised. These materials possess low to moderate melting points, broad purely nematic mesophases, a high Δn and very good solubility in nematic LC hosts. They are suitable materials for inclusion in mixtures for colour reflective STN displays.     

有机电致发光器件(OLED)的制备方法和工艺

有机发光器件经过40年的发展,特别是在近年,具有理想特性的有机电致发光器件(OLED)成为研究开发的热点.由于OLED具有超轻薄、低成本、低功耗、宽视角、全固化、自发光、驱动电压低(3～12V) 及可实现柔软显示等诸多突出的性能,OLED将成为很有前途的新一代的平板显示技术.本文首先回顾了有机电致发光显示器件的发展历史,对有机材料、发展现状和趋势等都做了简要的概括.然后对当前先进的OLED器件结构、显示的发光机理,特别是对实现全彩显示的方法及制备工艺进行了详细的描述.     

Viewing Angle and Imaging Polarization Analysis of Liquid Crystal Displays and Their Components

Optical characterization of all types of displays is mandatory to quantify the different imperfections and compare the different technologies. Standard characterization is focused on luminance and color measurements of the light emitted by the displays. Viewing angle measurements devoted to the angular characterization and homogeneity measurements are the most frequently used. In the present paper we demonstrate that the same type of measurements extended to the polarization analysis of the light emitted by the display can be a powerful tool in order to understand the origin of many imperfections. The present paper is composed of two main parts: first the different measurement tools for viewing angle and imaging characterization are presented and the method used to analyze the polarization state of the light is explained. The second part gives details on some examples of applications for the characterization of display components (brightness enhancement film, backlight), the measurement of the crystal cell rotation inside a standard LCD display, and the characterization of a passive 3D TV.     

Liquid Crystals in Education

Abstract

The advancement of liquid crystal science and technology has been a truly interdisciplinary effort which combines basic principles of physics, chemistry, and engineering. The success of liquid crystal materials in flat panel displays and electro-optic applications can be attributed to the collaborations of scientists in various fields and the unique interface between academia and industry. Many scientists and engineers engaged in liquid crystal research are also educators in their respective disciplines andlor area of expertise. Those in academia routinely teach undergraduate and graduate courses in physics, chemistry, and engineering, and those in industry often find themselves teaching technical short courses and seminars. Many of us have visited elementary and high schools in the USA to speak to students about careers in science and engineering, and to present some eye-catching demonstrations that excite students about science and technology.     

高温溶液法生长SiC单晶的研究进展

碳化硅(SiC)作为第三代半导体材料,不仅禁带宽度较大,还兼具热导率高、饱和电子漂移速率高、抗辐射性能强、热稳定性和化学稳定性好等优良特性,在高温、高频、高功率电力电子器件和射频器件中有很好的应用潜力。高质量、大尺寸、低成本SiC单晶衬底的制备是实现SiC器件大规模应用的前提。受技术与工艺水平限制,目前SiC单晶衬底供应仍面临缺陷密度高、成品率低和成本高等问题。高温溶液生长(high temperature solution growth, HTSG)法生长SiC单晶具有晶体结晶质量高、易扩径、易实现p型掺杂等独特的优势,有望成为大规模量产SiC单晶的主要方法之一,目前该方法的主流技术模式是顶部籽晶溶液生长(top seeded solution growth, TSSG)法。本文首先回顾总结了TSSG法生长SiC单晶的发展历程,接着介绍和分析了该方法的基本原理和生长过程,然后从晶体生长热力学和动力学两方面总结了该方法的研究进展,并归纳了该方法的优势,最后分析了TSSG法生长SiC单晶技术在未来的研究重点和发展方向。     

Merck's Success in the Japanese Liquid Crystal Market

Abstract

Liquid crystal displays are a key component of the information society. They are found in many places in cars, measurement equipment, portable computers, and portable communication equipment. A typical state-of-the-art active matrix colour liquid crystal display today has a diagonal of 10 in, 550 × 650 pixels, and costs about US$ 1200 each in industrial quantities. In many products the liquid crystal display is the dominant component in terms of value. Each pixel has it's own transistor control circuit which at the moment uses amorphous silicon thin film transistor (TFT) technology. Very soon, however, polycrystalline silicon will be used instead of amorphous silicon. Since polycrystalline silicon is the same as that used in ordinary silicon VLSI, all other electronic circuits including the CPU can then be integrated onto the substrate of the liquid crystal display. Therefore, very soon, the business of all those companies will be threatened, who at present purchase liquid crystal displays externally, and build a product around it (see also: IEEE-Spectrum, May 1995, pages 62–69).     

Company News

Abstract

Rolic Ltd, a recently launched liquid crystal R&D company from Roche, has announced the development of several new path-forging technologies which are expected to have a major impact on the liquid crystal display (LCD) and copy-proof security industries in the future. Rolic's inventions solve many of the challenges facing the LCD industry, such as view angle dependency, high cost and response time. They represent a quantum leap in making high resolution, large area displays possible. Rolic will make essential contributions to the development of refined, ultra high resolution image and display products. Rolic's future products will enable visual computing professionals as well as the general public to work more effectively with a greater variety of new-age information displays than ever before.     

Russian Liquid Crystal Society awards first Freederiksz Medals

Abstract

The interest in research and development of plastic liquid crystal technology originates from the stabilization of liquid crystals with a polymer matrix for manufacturing of largearea flexible electro-optical films which can be used as electrically switchable shutters, panels and privacy windows in the building, residential and transportation sectors, as well as reflective displays. In figure 1, we show typical examples of PDLC applications as electro-optical windows. The display applications of PDLC are not within the scope of the present article.