基于共价有机框架材料的电化学传感器研究进展

共价有机框架（COFs）材料是一类由轻质元素（C, O, N, B等）通过强共价键连接而成的新兴结晶多孔材料。COFs因其可调孔径、永久孔隙率、拓扑可设计性等优点,被广泛用于电化学传感领域。金属纳米粒子、碳材料、金属有机框架、酶等功能材料与COFs复合,可以显著提高电化学传感器的分析性能,实现高灵敏度和选择性检测。本综述阐述了基于COFs的电化学传感器的最新研究进展,总结了制备方法,并对其传感机制进行了解释。介绍了新型COFs材料的设计和合成,以及基于新型检测模式的COFs电化学传感器的研究进展。     

基于金属有机骨架材料的电化学生物传感器在癌症检测中的应用

金属有机骨架(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)材料因具有稳定的骨架结构、可调的孔尺度和大的比表面积等优良特性,被作为固定生物探针的基体,用于构建电化学生物传感器.电化学生物传感器是一种以电极为信号转换器,通过敏感元件,将肿瘤标志物的高特异性与电化学传感器的高灵敏度相结合的检测装置,在临床癌症筛查方面具有重大应用.本文概述了金属有机骨架复合材料的分类,总结了过去五年基于有机金属骨架材料的电化学生物传感器在检测作为癌症早期诊断指标的各种标志物(如癌症标志物、microRNA和DNA)方面的进展,并对其未来发展进行了展望.     

基于金属有机框架材料的光/电化学传感器在水环境检测中的应用进展

随着人们对水环境质量的要求日益增加,开发简便、灵敏和准确的新型水环境检测技术已成为研究的热点.金属有机框架化合物(Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)是一类由金属离子或团簇和有机配体自组装形成的多孔配位聚合物,因其具有吸附可逆、催化活性高、比表面积大、孔径可调和结构多样等特性,可作为光/电化学传...     

三维多孔碳/共价有机框架材料自支撑电极用于多巴胺电化学传感分析

通过简单的水热法使二苯甲酸二肼和1,3,5-三(对甲酰基苯基)苯发生氨醛缩合反应,合成了一种新的共价有机框架材料(COFTFPB-TDF).将COFTFPB-TDF生长到三维多孔碳(3D-KSC)上,得到3D-KSC/COFTFPB-TDF自支撑电极,采用扫描电子显微镜进行结构表征,结果表明,3D-KSC/COFTFP...     

共价有机骨架材料在样品前处理中的研究进展

共价有机骨架（COFs）是由有机单体通过共价键连接形成的二维或三维晶体多孔结构。作为一种新兴的晶体多孔材料,COFs已经在气体储存、催化、传感、药物输送等各个领域广泛应用。近年来,COFs材料由于密度低、表面积大、结构可控等优点,在分析化学方面显示出巨大的潜力。该文综述了多孔COFs及其复合材料在样品前处理中的研究应用,包括分散固相萃取、固相微萃取和磁性固相萃取等。     

基于共价有机骨架修饰电极的苯并芘电化学发光传感器

苯并芘(BaP)是一种常见的多环芳烃类化合物,由于其对人体具有强烈的致癌性而引起广泛关注。该文将1,3,5-三醛基间苯三酚(CTp)与2,5-二甲基对苯二胺(Pa-2)经缩合反应形成的共价有机骨架材料CTpPa-2通过滴涂法修饰于电极表面,并与鲁米诺-过氧化氢体系相结合,构建了一种简单快速、稳定性好的BaP电化学发光传感器。通过扫描电子显微镜、差分脉冲伏安法、循环伏安法、恒电流充放电法及电化学发光法表征CTpPa-2修饰电极的形貌和电化学性能,并考察对BaP测定的可行性。在优化实验条件下,发光强度与苯并芘浓度在50～600 nmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r²)为0.995 1,检出限(S/N=3)为5.60 nmol/L。将该方法应用于烤肉样品中BaP的检测,结果与高效液相色谱(HPLC)法相近,表明该方法具有良好的应用前景。     

纳米材料电化学与生物传感器——有机微污染物检测新途径

本文介绍了近年来纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的研究现状,分析了这些传感器中纳米材料修饰电极的特点,重点阐述了纳米材料在有机微污染物检测中的重要作用,列举了一些纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的应用。最后对纳米材料电化学与生物传感器用于有机微污染物的检测研究进行了简要评述和展望。     

共价有机框架材料(COFs)在多相催化中的应用

共价有机框架材料(COFs)是一类多孔有机材料,由轻质元素组成,具有比表面积大、孔径可调、稳定性好等特点,在多相催化领域有着广泛的应用.通过改变构筑单元和缩合反应("自下而上"合成法)的类型,或是通过合成后修饰的手段,COFs可以被赋予多种功能并高效催化一系列反应.本文以基于COFs材料的催化反应类型为分类依据,对近年...     

共价有机框架材料应用进展

共价有机框架材料(COFs)由C、H、N、O等轻质元素组成,是一种通过共价键连接的晶型材料。近十年来发展迅速,受到研究人员的密切关注。COFs具有良好的稳定性、低密度、规则有序的孔道结构、结构的可预测性和可设计性等优点,被广泛应用到吸附、催化、储能、生物传感器和荧光识别等重要领域,但其存在合成困难、合成方法有限等问题。文章回顾了COFs材料的发展背景,选取吸附、催化、储能这三个方面的应用进行详细说明,分析COFs材料能被应用到这三个领域的原因,列举最新的研究成果,并阐述了COFs与特定分子结合在不同条件下应用的机理,总结各领域应用的异同,分析在应用中存在的主要问题。最后,对于COFs材料自身以及在应用中存在的问题提出针对性的建议。     

基于共价有机框架材料的纳米体系在生物医学中的应用

共价有机框架(Covalent organic frameworks,COFs)材料是通过动态共价化学法合成的一种高度有序的多孔晶态有机聚合物.COFs材料具有密度低、比表面积大、孔隙度可调、合成路线简单多样、功能单元和结构可设计、表面及孔道易功能化、物理化学稳定性高等主要特征,在分子吸附与分离、储能、光电、传感、催化...     

共价有机骨架材料在分离科学中的研究进展

共价有机骨架(COFs)材料是一类由有机单体通过共价键连接而成的新型多功能结晶有机聚合物,具有比表面积大、热和化学稳定性好、结构和功能可控等优点,在气体存储、药物传递、传感和催化等方面有着广泛的应用。多样的结构和丰富的官能团也使COFs在分离科学中具有巨大的应用潜力。COFs及其复合材料作为吸附剂已被用于固相萃取、磁固相萃取、固相微萃取,以及气相色谱、高效液相色谱和毛细管电色谱的新型固定相。该文综述了近3年来COFs在分离科学中的最新进展,着重介绍了COFs在水介质、食品基质、生物样本等复杂基质中样品前处理和有机分子(包括手性和异构化合物)分离等方面的研究进展,为进一步研究COFs的应用提供参考。     

Direct Solar‐to‐Electrochemical Energy Storage in a Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework

A covalent organic framework integrating naphthalenediimide and triphenylamine units (NT‐COF) is presented. Two‐dimensional porous nanosheets are packed with a high specific surface area of 1276 m² g^?1. Photo/electrochemical measurements reveal the ultrahigh efficient intramolecular charge transfer from the TPA to the NDI and the highly reversible electrochemical reaction in NT‐COF. There is a synergetic effect in NT‐COF between the reversible electrochemical reaction and intramolecular charge transfer with enhanced solar energy efficiency and an accelerated electrochemical reaction. This synergetic mechanism provides the key basis for direct solar‐to‐electrochemical energy conversion/storage. With the NT‐COF as the cathode materials, a solar Li‐ion battery is realized with decreased charge voltage (by 0.5 V), increased discharge voltage (by 0.5 V), and extra 38.7 % battery efficiency.     

Bimetallic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Constructing Multifunctional Electrocatalyst

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new class of crystalline porous polymers comprised mainly of carbon atoms, and are versatile for the integration of heteroatoms such as B, O, and N into the skeletons. The designable structure and abundant composition render COFs useful as precursors for heteroatom-doped porous carbons for energy storage and conversion. Herein, we describe a multifunctional electrochemical catalyst obtained through pyrolysis of a bimetallic COF. The catalyst possesses hierarchical pores and abundant iron and cobalt nanoparticles embedded with standing carbon layers. By integrating these features, the catalyst exhibits excellent electrochemical catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), with a 50 mV positive half-wave potential, a higher limited diffusion current density, and a much smaller Tafel slope than a Pt-C catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst displays superior electrochemical performance toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with overpotentials of −0.26 V and −0.33 V in acidic and alkaline aqueous solution, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻². The overpotential in the catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was 1.59 V at the same current density.     

Covalent Organic Frameworks for Chemical and Biological Sensing

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers with polygonal porosity and highly ordered structures. The most prominent feature of the COFs is their excellent crystallinity and highly ordered modifiable one-dimensional pores. Since the first report of them in 2005, COFs with various structures were successfully synthesized and their applications in a wide range of fields including gas storage, pollution removal, catalysis, and optoelectronics explored. In the meantime, COFs also exhibited good performance in chemical and biological sensing, because their highly ordered modifiable pores allowed the selective adsorption of the analytes, and the interaction between the analytes and the COFs’ skeletons may lead to a detectable change in the optical or electrical properties of the COFs. In this review, we firstly demonstrate the basic principles of COFs-based chemical and biological sensing, then briefly summarize the applications of COFs in sensing some substances of practical value, including some gases, ions, organic compounds, and biomolecules. Finally, we discuss the trends and the challenges of COFs-based chemical and biological sensing.     

卟啉共价有机框架化合物的研究进展

共价有机框架化合物(COFs)是一类新兴的具有多孔结构的晶态有机聚合物,在储存与分离、催化、能量转化等领域具有广泛应用。本文介绍了一类基于卟啉单元的COFs,从框架构筑及应用开发两方面综述了这类材料的研究进展。     

共价有机框架材料催化剂

共价有机框架材料（covalent organic frameworks, COF）是功能材料领域研究的热点之一。COF具有孔道结构高度有序、孔径可调、比表面积较大、合成方法多样和易于功能化修饰等优点,是一类新兴的多相催化剂。目前,COF催化剂主要设计思路是：基于“自下而上”策略将非金属催化活性中心嵌入材料骨架来构筑本征型COF催化剂,或者以COF为载体,通过后修饰方式负载金属颗粒或离子构建多相催化剂。鉴于COF以上优势,预计COF催化剂在多相催化和手性催化领域中的应用也将取得更大的进展。本文综述了COF催化剂的合成和功能化策略,并展望了COF在多相催化领域中的应用前景。     

多羰基共价有机骨架在二次电池中的应用

共价有机骨架(covalent organic frameworks,COFs)是一类由构建单元通过共价键连接形成的新兴晶体多孔材料.凭借超高的孔隙率、规则的一维通道、稳定的骨架结构和出色的结构可设计性等特点,COFs被认为在二次电池中极具应用前景.本文综述了含有多羰基构建单元的COFs(multi-carbonyl ...     

Covalent Organic Frameworks and Cage Compounds: Design and Applications of Polymeric and Discrete Organic Scaffolds

Porous organic materials are an emerging class of functional nanostructures with unprecedented properties. Dynamic covalent assembly of small organic building blocks under thermodynamic control is utilized for the intriguingly simple formation of complex molecular architectures in one‐pot procedures. In this Review, we aim to analyze the basic design principles that govern the formation of either covalent organic frameworks as crystalline porous polymers or covalent organic cage compounds as shape‐persistent molecular objects. Common synthetic procedures and characterization techniques will be discussed as well as more advanced strategies such as postsynthetic modification or self‐sorting. When appropriate, comparisons are drawn between polymeric frameworks and discrete organic cages in terms of their underlying properties. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of these materials for applications ranging from gas storage to catalysis and organic electronics.