Free and forced linear dynamics of a homogeneous model for beam-like structures

A homogeneous shear beam model is used here to address the free and forced dynamic behavior of a multi-story building. After a brief recall of the model, which is taken from the literature, and the hypotheses on which it is grounded, discussion on the free dynamics is carried out, highlighting the intriguing organization of the natural frequencies and modes in triplets, as functions of the wave-number. Then, the properties of the undamped and proportionally damped forced response to external loads is evaluated, and a discussion on the effects of the tip mass related to the top story is addressed. A case-study is analyzed to show the reliability of the homogeneous model, after comparing the outcomes with those provided by F.E.M. procedures applied to the corresponding multi-d.o.f. structure.

     

Eigenanalysis and continuum modelling of pre-twisted repetitive beam-like structures

A repetitive pin-jointed, pre-twisted structure is analysed using a state variable transfer matrix technique. Within a global coordinate system the transfer matrix is periodic, but introduction of a local coordinate system rotating with nodal cross-sections results in an autonomous transfer matrix for this Floquet system. Eigenanalysis reveals four real unity eigenvalues, indicating tension–torsion coupling, and equivalent continuum properties such as Poisson’s ratio, cross-sectional area, torsion constant and the tension–torsion coupling coefficient are determined. A variety of real and complex near diagonal Jordan decompositions are possible for the multiple (eight) complex unity eigenvalues and these are discussed in some detail. Analysis of the associated principal vectors shows that a bending moment produces curvature in the plane of the moment, together with shear deformation in the perpendicular plane, but no bending–bending coupling; the choice of a structure having an equilateral triangular cross-section is thought responsible for this unexpected behaviour, as the equivalent continuum second moments of area are equal about all cross-sectional axes. In addition, an asymmetric stiffness matrix is obtained for bending moment and shearing force coupling, and possible causes are discussed.     

A damage identification technique for beam-like and truss structures based on FRF and Bat Algorithm

In this paper, a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technique for damage identification in beam-like and truss structures using Frequency Response Function (FRF) data coupled with optimization techniques is presented. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Bat Algorithm (BA) are used to estimate the location and severity of damage. The damage in the structures is simulated by reduction in rigidity of specific members. Both optimization techniques are coupled with modelled structures using Finite Element Method (FEM). The approach is based on minimizing an objective function by comparing measured and calculated FRFs. The results show that better accuracy is obtained using BA than using GA in terms of precision and computational time. Furthermore, it is found that the proposed approach provides faster solution than other approaches in the literature.     

Identification of multiple open and fatigue cracks in beam-like structures using wavelets on deflection signals

A novel method for damage detection of multi-cracked beam-like structures by analyzing the static deflection is presented. The damage incurred produces a change in the stiffness of the beam. This causes a localized singularity which can be identified by a wavelet analysis of the displacement response. The existence and location of the cracks can be revealed by positions of the peaks in the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). To achieve this, the static profile of beams is analyzed with Gauss2 wavelet to identify the cracks. Beams under some ideal boundary and prescribed load conditions are considered. The deflected shape of the beam with open and fatigue cracks has been simulated under static loading using lumped crack models adopted from fracture mechanics and involving various degrees of complexity. The deflection of cracked beam in closed form for several cases of loads, crack sizes, and crack locations is calculated, and an explicit expression for the damage index (DI), based on CWT, is developed; it is demonstrated that the proposed damage index does not depend on mechanical properties of a homogeneous beam, and that the DI of one crack does not depend on the size and location of other cracks in a multiple cracked beam. Hence, the obtained expression for the DI can be used to find the size of each crack independently. Numerical results show that the method can detect cracks of small depth and is also applicable under the presence of measurement noise.     

On a probabilistic stability theory for imperfection sensitive structures

The concept of almost sure sample stability and sample stability in probability are formulated for elastic systems. Using a Koiter type approach these concepts are used in the analysis of imperfection sensitive structures. The applied load and the initial geometric imperfections are introduced into the analysis as random quantities. A compressed beam of finite length on a nonlinear elastic foundation is used in an example calculation.     

Nonlinear problems of shell theory and their solution methods (review)

Conclusions In the present review we considered several problems of nonlinear shell theory, their deformation and stability. Speciailsts in many areas have devoted much attention recently to problems of the nonlinear behavior of evolutionary systems. New scientific trends related to the study of stability problems have been generated. They can be called the Hopf bifurcation theory; or, the theory of attractors, referring to the study of unstable trajectory behavior in phase spaces; or, catastrophe theory, applied in solving multiparametric stability problems; or, the theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena, developed in special areas of physics; or, a theory considering nonequilibrium phase transitions and self-organization complex spatial and temporal ordered structures (synergetics).The use of methods developed by these scientific trends in shell theory enables deep understanding of effects of stability loss, in both equilibrium and motion, and helps to create investigation methods.Institute of Mechanics, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev. Kiev Institute of Structural Engineering. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 27, No. 10, pp. 3–23, October, 1991.     

基于混合PSO算法和损伤概率均值的两阶段梁式结构损伤识别

受算法随机参数和测量噪声等因素的影响,基于群智能算法的结构损伤识别法容易出现单次识别误差大和多次识别波动大的问题。针对该问题,本文基于混合PSO算法和损伤概率均值提出一种两阶段梁式结构损伤识别方法。定义了包括单元容许损伤值α_cr和临界概率p_c的损伤有效原则,以计算损伤概率均值。第一阶段,对混合PSO算法的多次识别结果分批计算一阶段损伤概率均值,第二阶段,在此基础计算两阶段损伤概率均值。本文方法能够有效地提高高噪声水平影响下的结构损伤识别精度。简支梁和两跨连续梁的损伤工况试验研究表明,该算法能够有效地应用于不同结构和不同工况的结构损伤识别,在减少损伤误判的同时保证损伤单元的识别精度。     

《连续结构拓扑优化: 综述》简评

结构优化可以分为尺寸优化、形状优化和拓扑优化．其中拓扑优化的作用是重要的和决定性的,而难度也最大,被认为是最具挑战性的课题．拓扑优化又经常被称为轮廓优化或广义形状优化,拓扑优化对象有离散结构和连续体结构．连续体结构拓扑优化的目的是在给定荷载、约束、材料和目标函数下,确定连续体内部孔的数量,以及内部和外部边界的形状．连续体结构拓扑优化的研究历史可以追溯到一百多年前,近十几年来研究非常活跃,文献也非常丰富．     

转台的粗糙神经网络故障诊断系统设计

针对转台故障的多样性与复杂性,设计了独立于专家的粗糙神经网络故障诊断系统。首先建立转台故障诊断决策表,然后用粗糙集方法约简冗余属性,最后设计了神经网络分类器和辨识器。实验结果显示,诊断系统能较好地区分和辨识具有相同故障现象的不同故障,诊断正确率达到96.7%。将粗糙集理论与神经网络相结合,简化了信息表达空间,减小了神经网络结构的复杂性,并具有强大的容错和抗干扰能力,工程实用性强。     

复杂结构静力分析和屈曲分析程序系统DDJTJQ

ＤＤＪＴＪＱ是一个国内开发的复杂结构静力分析和屈曲分析有限元程序系统，自１９８６年通过技术鉴定以来又有了许多发展．本文着重介绍该程序系统的屈曲和后屈曲分析能力以及在不同工程领域结构分析中的应用．给出了几个大型复杂工程结构的计算结果．     

Bifurcation analysis of a nonlinear pendulum using recurrence and statistical methods: applications to fault diagnostics

The problem of maintenance of expensive and heavy systems has increased the need for powerful tools to analyze their performance. The methods of recurrence plots (RPs) and statistical measurement have been used as data-driven tools for diagnostics with no possibility of classifying the nature of defect and poor ability to localize it. In order to enhance the efficiency of the forecast, innovative approaches consist of using physics-based features to train a data-based assessment methods. This requires proper analysis of the physical system using appropriate methods. For this purpose, this paper focusses on the bifurcation dynamics of nonlinear systems using the recurrence and statistical methods. Considering the nonlinear pendulum as a model, the qualitative behavior of the system is discussed through the bifurcation diagram of some recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) parameters, namely the recurrence rate, determinism, and laminarity. These parameters are used to measure the level of complexity and transition from regular to chaotic motion and vice versa. Statistical parameters such as crest factor, skewness, and kurtosis are used to identify various bifurcation and amplitudes in the system, and to measure the orientation and the level of asymmetry. Plots of recurrence diagrams and histograms are presented to support our observations. Examples of detection of dynamic changes using these two methods are provided. The interesting results obtained in this paper show that statistical methods complement results obtained from RPs. In addition, the paper demonstrates how the RPs can be employed in conjunction with the physics-based model.