纳米二氧化钛的红外辐照相变

以四氯化钛为原料 ,采用溶胶凝胶法技术合成路线 ,可以获得平均粒径在 30到 4 0纳米的二氧化钛粉末。在X—射线衍射 (XRD)和拉曼散射 (Raman)测试技术下 ,分析得到红外干燥方式下可使锐钛矿向金红石相转化 ,同时由于TiO2 纳米晶粒的尺寸效应以及弱的结晶性和局部格点不完善 ,使得Raman光谱特征峰向低波数移动。此外 ,随着反应温度的提高 ,逐步有金红石相产生 ,而 4 48cm- 1Eg 活性模对温度的依赖性体现了反斯托克斯现象。     

二氧化钛纳米流体的固液相变特性

采用“两步法”制备出不同浓度的TiO2-H2O纳米流体,选用紫外分光光度法对纳米流体的分散稳定性进行了评价,使用差示扫描量热仪对纳米流体以及基液一去离子水的固液相变过程进行了测试。实验结果表明：纳米流体的分散稳定性随着TiO2粒子质量浓度的增大先增强后减弱;添加纳米颗粒可以促进去离子水的异质成核,减小其固液相变过冷度;...     

纳米二氧化钛材料的相变和声子限制效应(英文)

拉曼光谱用于研究二氧化钛材料的相变和声子限制效应。化学溶液方法制备了TiO2纳米晶材料。其平均粒度为 6 8- 2 7 9nm。最低频率 1 5 2cm- 1 Eg 模随粒度减小出现蓝移和加宽。在声子限制模型下 ,理论上对不同粒度的TiO2 纳米晶 (6 8,1 0 3和 2 7 9nm)的频移和线宽进行计算 ,结果与实验吻合得很好。研究了TiO2 纳米晶锐钛矿 -金红石相变 ,其相变温度为 6 5 0 - 6 90℃ ,比体块TiO2 的相变温度 1 0 0 0℃低 ,表明了相变的尺寸效应     

NBT-Eu纳米粉体的水热合成及其发光性能研究

采用水热合成法、在不同条件下制备Na0.5Bi0.49Eu0.01Ti O3(NBT-Eu)纳米粉体。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光谱、透射电子显微镜、荧光光谱对样品进行表征。结果表明,在200℃、碱浓度12 mol·L-1、反应时间24 h、添加剂OP-10用量为0.6 m L时,可以得到纯三方钙钛矿结构的NBT-Eu粉体,该粉体以直径为15~200 nm的纳米棒形式存在。NBT-Eu粉体在458 nm激发下,产生689 nm的荧光,该荧光由Eu3+的5D0→7F4能级跃迁产生。     

TiO2及其掺Fe材料的制备和EPR谱的研究

以钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇、冰醋酸为原料,在室温下用溶胶-凝胶法制备得到二氧化钛及其掺Fe样品的湿凝胶,室温放置2天后,100 ℃干燥得到干凝胶,在500 ℃下焙烧得到二氧化钛及其掺Fe的粉末状样品. 利用X射线衍射、电子顺磁共振等测试手段对样品进行分析,结果显示所得样品均为锐钛矿,Fe被引入了二氧化钛晶格中,Ti³⁺氧化中心信号强度随Fe掺杂量的增加而增强,峰值向磁场减小方向小幅偏移. 在不同测试温度下, 含Fe量为0.1%的Fe-TiO₂样品中Ti³⁺氧化中心信号强度随温度升高而增强,峰值也向磁场减小方向小幅偏移. 根据电子顺磁共振理论以及二氧化钛在空气中与O₂的反应解释了这些现象.     

Effect of the Power-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on the Physicochemical Properties of Aluminum Micro- and Nanopowders

Technical Physics - The effect of power-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic field on variation in the physicochemical properties of aluminum powders with different dispersities is studied. It is...     

Effect of Particle Size and Phase Composition of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Photocatalytic Properties

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were prepared by the oxidation of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄) in a diffusion flame reactor. The average diameter of particles was 15–30 nm and mass fraction of anatase ranged from 40% to 80%. Effects of particle size and phase composition of those TiO₂ nanoparticles on photocatalytic properties such as decomposition of methylene blue, bacteria and ammonia gas were investigated. The degree of decomposition of methylene blue by the TiO₂ nanoparticles under the illumination of the black light was directly proportional to the anatase mass fraction, but inversely to the particle size. The decomposition of bacteria and ammonia gas by the TiO₂ nanoparticles under the illumination of the fluorescent light showed the same trend as in the case of the methylene blue.     

Studies on the Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide in a Low-Temperature Plasma

The decomposition of carbon dioxide was studied in an argon plasma jet, generated by a direct-current arc discharge. The decomposition degree of carbon dioxide was up to 0,4 at an effective energy consumption lower than 1 MJ/mole CO. The efficiency of high-temperature decomposition of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and oxygen is essentially dependent both on the quenching intensity of the products, which prevents from the reverse oxidation reaction in the system, as well as on the proper conditions of plasma-substrate mixing.     

Cotunnite-Structured Titanium Dioxide and the Hardest known Oxide

Combined theoretical and experimental investigations led to the discovery of a new polymorph of titanium dioxide with titanium nine-coordinated to oxygen in the cotunnite (PbCl 2 ) structure. Hardness measurements on the cotunnite-structured TiO 2 synthesized at pressures above 60 GPa and temperatures above 1000 K reveal that this material is the hardest oxide yet discovered. Furthermore, it is one of the least compressible (with a measured bulk modulus of 431 GPa) and hardest (with a microhardness of 38 GPa) polycrystalline materials studied thus far.     

光系统Ⅱ核心天线的低温荧光光谱及动力学研究

采用稳态及飞秒荧光光谱技术研究了光系统Ⅱ中核心复合物在83 K、160 K和273 K低温下的能量传递途径.激发波长为507 nm.随着温度的升高,稳态荧光光谱逐渐发生蓝移.通过对不同温度下稳态光谱进行高斯解析,获得5个特征叶绿素a分子, 分别为Chl a670.4670, Chl a681.9680, Chl a683.9683, Chl a687.5,687.8,689687和Chl a698.0690,其中仅有Chl a687.5,687.8,689687在3个温度下的光谱中都解析获得,并且其谱宽以及荧光比例都随着温度升高而增加,因此推断温度对CP47中易裂解的叶绿素a分子有较大的影响.在680 nm以及690 nm波长处对不同温度下的时间曲线利用F900时间处理系统进行拟合,获得73 ps、 110 ps、 186 ps、 246~972 ps和1~3.7 ns 5个时间组分.其中, 73 ps是电荷分离的时间;110 ps和186 ps是β-Car分子受激发后,将激发能最终传递给反应中心所需要的时间;246~972 ps是电荷重组的时间过程;而1~3.7 ns是激发态分子发生电荷重组后又衰退回到基态的时间.73 ps的时间组分只在83 K温度下得到,因此,随着温度降低,可以探测到快的时间组分. 此外,对光谱随温度升高而发生蓝移进行了分析.     

锐钛矿型二氧化钛纳米粉体的IR光谱与光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2光催化剂,研究了不同温度下焙烧TiO2粉体的XRD和FT-IR光谱。400℃焙烧后,相应有机物的红外吸收峰消失,随着焙烧温度的升高,粉体粒径变大,800-420cm-1之间的吸收峰逐渐锐化,700℃焙烧的FT-IR谱的423cm-1为金红石型TiO2的特征Ti-O键振动。500℃焙烧的锐钛矿型TiO2粉体对水杨酸具有较好的光催化活性。     

Kinetics of Low-Temperature Microphotoluminescence of Exciton-Impurity Complexes in CdZnTe Single Crystals

Low-temperature (6.5 K) microphotoluminescence near the intrinsic absorption edge of CdZnTe alloy single crystals is studied under conditions of non-resonant and resonant excitation by picosecond pulses. Characteristic relaxation times for free excitons and exciton-impurity complexes of various types are determined. A significant (by a factor of 4–8) decrease in the photoluminescence signal decay time of exciton-impurity complexes on neutral donors during the transition to the resonant excitation mode is detected. The detected sharp decrease in the photoluminescence signal decay time can indicate the manifestation of collective effects in this system of emitters.     

爆轰法制备纳米TiO2及其参数控制

 采用偏钛酸与炸药混合进行爆轰合成，制备出晶粒尺寸在10 nm到60 nm之间的纳米TiO₂粉末。结合XRD、TEM、BET等表征手段，研究了纳米TiO₂的制备参数与其晶粒尺寸和晶相结构之间的关系。发现当炸药含量增加时，产物晶粒尺寸增大，同时晶相结构随炸药量的增加逐渐由低温的锐钛矿型和板钛矿型向高温的金红石型转变，爆轰温度在这种转变过程中起着极为重要的作用。     

Collisional Relaxation of Luminescence Anisotropy in Rarefied Gases in the Condensed Phase

The orientational relaxation of optically induced anisotropy in rarefied gases and at a damped rotation has been investigated. It has been found that the anisotropy relaxation in rarefied gases is described by a reduced kinetic equation depending only on free rotation integrals. The behavior of the integral anisotropy of luminescence for free symmetric and asymmetric top molecules has been elucidated. The law of luminescence depolarization has been obtained for asymmetric top molecules in the Gordon J-diffusion model. It represents the sum of two Stern–Volmer-type dependences, whose relative contribution is determined by the orientation of the dipole moments of transitions with absorption and emission of light in the molecular coordinate system and by the principal moments of inertia of the molecular top. It has been established that in the limit of a strongly damped rotation, kinetic equations of the general form reduce to equations of rotational diffusion. A number of modified diffusion equations correctly describing the contribution of inertial effects to the orientational relaxation of anisotropy have been obtained.     

Low-Temperature Heat Capacity and Phonon Kinetics in Some Rare-Earth Pentaphosphate Single Crystals and Glasses

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - The influence of the Schottky low-energy excitations related to the presence of rare-earth metals on the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics...     

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosized Powder of Zn-Doped Titanium Dioxide

Nanosized powder materials made Zn-doped titanium dioxide with concentration of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol % Zn²⁺ have been synthesized from aqueous solutions of inorganic compounds of titanium modified with zinc(II) ions. The materials obtained have been studied by electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction. It has been found that if zinc ions introduced in titanium dioxide the stabilization of anatase modification takes place retaining size and morphology of particles. The materials synthesized have shown photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The highest photocatalytic activity has been found for material containing 0.1 mol % Zn²⁺ and calcined at 600°С.     

红外光谱法测定精四氯化钛中二氧化碳的含量（英文）

精TiCl_4是海绵钛生产的关键环节,且海绵钛中杂质碳和氧(C,O)与精TiCl_4中杂质C和O含量成4倍富集关系,因此,钛材质量控制的关键是控制精TiCl_4中杂质C和O的含量。为了控制精TiCl_4中的C和O,需要分析C和O杂质的来源,对精TiCl_4中杂质进行严格控制。测定精TiCl_4中CO2的含量,对精TiCl_4中杂质C和O的分析具有重要意义。CO_2具有红外吸收谱线,因而能够利用红外光谱实现测定,然而精TiCl_4与空气中水气接触极易发生水解反应,生成强腐蚀性的盐酸烟雾,不能使用常规的红外吸收池进行测定。根据Lambert-Beer定律,被测组分浓度(c_x)与吸光度(A)~样品光程(L)曲线的斜率成正比,本研究利用波数范围7 800~440 cm~(-1)的硒化锌窗片(φ10 mm×1 mm)和玻璃池体(42,22,12,7和4 mm光程)组装成一套红外吸收池,采用加标法测定精TiCl_4中CO_2杂质含量。实验得出CO_2的检出限为0.92 mg·kg~(-1),样品回归方程Y=0.031 1X,相关系数r为0.997 2,加标CO_2样品的回归方程Y=0.131 7X,相关系数r为0.998 6,线性关系较好,测定精TiCl_4中CO_2含量为1.53 mg·kg~(-1),标准偏差(SD)为0.04 mg·kg~(-1),方法相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.53%~1.27%之间,加标回收率在89.2%~96.8%。此红外吸收池安全简便、容易拆洗、可重复使用,通过一次加标样品定量分析精TiCl_4中CO_2含量,可满足精TiCl_4中CO_2分析的要求。