无限长直电流对共面圆电流的安培力

利用恒定磁场的安培环路定理、 安培定律和高等数学知识, 详细推导了d>R和d R时安培力与d有关, 但是当d相似文献   

一种用保角变换求解带电Kelvin电容器边缘效应所产生静电力的解析模型

提出了一种用于弱力测量的带电Kelvin电容器产生静电力的新型工作方式. 该工作方式的优点是在机械上可明显简化静电力的实现, 避免了带电Kelvin电容器在传统工作方式下需要同步移动中心电极和保护电极的困难; 缺点是因Kelvin 电容器的边缘效应, 会不可避免地随之产生一个小的静电力分量, 需要准确建立它的数学模型, 方可清晰地评估它对测量结果的影响. 为解决此问题, 本文采用部分电容模拟和保角变换, 将二维电场的计算转换为一维电场计算问题, 并基于此, 得到了一种合理表征Kelvin电容器边缘效应所产生静电力分量的解析模型. 通过与一个具体计算实例的有限元计算求解结果相比较, 分析了所建立的解析模型的准确性.     

磁流体管内“泡对”在磁声复合场中的振荡行为

基于磁流体管内单泡的动力学模型,通过引入泡间次级声辐射并考虑磁流体黏度的磁场效应,建立了管内“泡对”系统在磁声复合场中的动力学方程,分析了磁场强度、泡对尺寸、泡间相互作用(包括次级Bjerknes力F_B和磁吸引力F_m)及流体特性等对双泡振动特性的影响.结果表明,磁场增大了泡对的振幅,对大泡的影响远大于对小泡的影响.当两泡中心间距一定、两泡相对尺寸越大时,或是当两泡尺寸一定、两泡表面间距越小时,双泡之间的相互作用越强.磁声复合场中,磁场会影响F_B, F_m,磁压P_m及黏滞阻力等,且影响程度各不相同; F_B和F_m及P_m和黏滞阻力之间均存在竞争关系,与作用在微泡上的所有力共同影响泡的运动.通过研究“泡对”系统的动力学行为,为实际应用中调节磁声场,提高微泡对生物组织的靶向调控治疗效果提供了一定的理论依据.     

非均匀磁场中磁流体热磁对流的实验研究

建立了测量非均匀磁场条件下圆柱腔体内磁流体热磁对流特性的实验系统,实验结果显示,磁流体热磁对流特性受磁场强度、温差以及磁场梯度方向与温度梯度方向之间关系的控制,当磁场梯度方向与温度梯度方向一致时,外加磁场强化了磁流体的热磁对流过程,且随着磁场强度和温差的增大,热磁对流强度加强。当磁场梯度方向、温度梯度方向以及重力方向三者相同时,磁流体的热磁对流强度最剧烈。     

柱等离子体中磁流体力学波之间的耦合

采用柱螺旋坐标系 ,把广义磁流体力学方程组简化为四元一阶微分方程组。在ω/ωci→ 0时 ,该方程组化为Hain L櫣ｓｔ方程 ;而当p→ 0 时 ,即是KAppert理论。在这两种情况下 ,Alfv啨ｎ波共振层都是奇异的。Alfv啨ｎ波共振层的奇异性来源于极限的选取谠独爰薜那?,离子的惯性会使理想磁流体中Alfv啨ｎ波共振层的奇异性消失 ,且使磁流体力学波之间相互耦合     

梯度磁场下磁流体三维结构的格子-Boltzmann方法模拟

考虑磁性颗粒受到的各种内力与外力包括重力、布朗力、van der、Waaks力、磁偶极-偶极作用力以及外磁场作用力,建立了描述磁流体结构的两相格子-Boltzmann三维模型,对外加梯度磁场条件下磁流体的介观结构进行了模拟.模拟结果表明:外加梯度磁场时磁流体粒子沿梯度方向聚集并出现分层现象,且随时间推移和外加磁场增大,分层现象越来越明显.     

高T_c超导体YBCO磁通钉扎的计算机模拟研究

临界电流密度Jc是影响高温超导体在强电领域应用的一个重要参数,在实际应用中,特别在外加磁场下,临界电流密度与超导材料的磁通钉扎性质密切相关.因此,磁通钉扎一直是高温超导体研究中的一个重要领域.由于高温超导体磁通钉扎力密度Fp的标度律存在,本文根据D.Dew-Hughes总结的钉扎力函数,主要存在两种主要作用类型(正常相和△K).我们将D.Dew-HugBes给出的钉扎力密度Fp标度函数改进为一个简化的具有物理意义的函数表达式.结合文献中已有的实验数据,我们对YBcO进行了计算机模拟,确定了它的磁通钉扎类型,模拟的研究结果与实际情况比较吻合.     

电阻性磁流体内扭曲模的离子粘滞性效应

通过进一步分析电阻性磁流体内扭曲模的频率和增长率与离子粘滞性的关系，证明离子粘滞性对电阻性磁流体内扭曲模的稳定作用与磁切量的大小密切相关。通常微扰方法得出的结论，即当离子粘滞率大于某一临界值时该模式被完全稳定，仅当磁剪切量非常小时才正确；当磁剪切变大时，离子 粘滞的稳定效应很快减弱。     

多层膜结构载磁微泡声散射特性

搭载有磁性纳米颗粒的包膜微泡,作为一种新型试剂在多模造影、溶栓治疗及靶向药物输运等多领域得以应用及研究.常通过原位测量技术进行微泡研究,而散射解析模型是声反演技术的基础.由空气内核、均匀悬浮磁纳米颗粒的磁流体层及磷脂外层组成多膜层结构载磁微泡,考虑磁流体密度变化及磷脂层黏弹性,通过简正级数法求解多层结构微泡各区域的散射声场.将载磁微泡散射模型与其他气泡进行对比,并数值分析载磁微泡共振散射特性,包括初始半径、磁纳米颗粒体积分数、磁流体层厚度及磷脂层特性参数等对微泡散射影响.结果表明:当膜层中磁纳米颗粒的体积分数α不超过0.1时,颗粒对微泡共振散射的影响具有两面性,既可增强也可减弱散射,主要取决于微泡半径;存在一个临界微泡半径值,微泡半径超过此临界则颗粒将增强微泡散射,反之减弱;微泡半径一定, α不超过0.1时, α取值越高微泡散射越强;膜层材料的拉梅常数和厚度越小的同尺度微泡散射更强.该研究对载磁微泡结构优化设计、原位监测及诊疗应用有理论意义.     

磁性应力监测中力磁耦合特征及关键影响因素分析

针对磁性应力监测研究中力磁耦合关系有多种变化趋势且一直没有合理理论解释这一问题, 从磁性材料的微观磁畴运动出发, 根据磁致磁化过程, 详细分析了两种不同磁化状态下力致磁化的变化规律, 揭示出力磁耦合关系的变化特征, 进而提出磁化状态是导致力磁耦合关系差异的本质因素; 对工程上实际缆索用镀锌钢丝在不同磁化状态下进行了力磁耦合试验, 结果与理论一致: 力磁耦合关系随磁化状态的不同而不同, 本质上有效地解释了已有研究中力磁耦合关系的矛盾多样性. 关键词： 应力监测 磁化状态 力磁耦合 磁畴运动     

Compensation of the optically induced Lorentz force in a homogeneous optical medium

It is shown on the basis of different approaches that the density of optically induced forces applied to a homogeneous optical medium embedded in a simplest 1D structure in a form of a plane optical resonator is equal to zero. In particular, the density forces calculated on the base of the energetic approach, where no assumptions about physical nature of optically induced forces are used, are also equal to zero. At the same time the same forces calculated by means of the approach based on the Lorentz force are different from zero. A conclusion is derived that there is an additional type of optically induced force which compensates the Lorentz density forces. Thus, the Lorentz force approach used for calculation of the density of optically induced force is inconsistent.     

Effect of tilted electrostatic field on the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in a liquid dielectric and gas flow

The effect of surface ponderomotive forces on the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is studied in the linear formulation based on the equations and boundary conditions of the electrostatics and fluid dynamics of an ideal incompressible fluid. Conditions to be satisfied by the values of determining parameters of the problem for the transition of an unstable flow in zero electric field into a stable regime after the application of a horizontal electric field have been written in the form of inequalities. It has been shown that, at the stability bound, the wavelength of the most instable mode is independent of the ponderomotive forces. In case of a liquid with large permittivity a stable flow regime exists for which the stability condition only differs in small dimensionless values from the stability condition for the charged surface of a quiescent liquid conductor in contact with a gas at rest.     

Magnetic field stabilization of a two-dimensional fluid jet: a multiple relaxation Lattice Boltzmann simulation

The stabilization of a two-dimensional fluid jet from the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability by an external parallel magnetic field is examined by lattice Boltzmann techniques. For sufficiently strong magnetic fields, the jet does not break up into large-scale vortices but retains the major features of the jet, albeit somewhat expanded. There are time-dependent striations within the expanded jet.     

The volume pinning force for periodical interaction forces between defects and the flux line lattice

The volume pinning force for some forms of the interaction potential defect-flux line is calculated without restrictions on the vortex lattice distance and the interaction range of defects. It is shown that for larger maximum elementary interaction forces, the direct summation of pinning forces is realistic. However, if the interaction range of the defects is smaller than the vortex lattice distance, one obtains a region (about one order of magnitude) in which Labusch's quadratic dependence of the volume pinning force on the elementary interaction force is valid. In the region where the direct summation of pinning forces occur, the volume pinning force is proportional the vortex lattice distance and one obtains an additional magnetic field dependence of the volume pinning force.     

A consistent and conservative scheme for incompressible MHD flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number. Part III: On a staggered mesh

The consistent and conservative scheme developed on a rectangular collocated mesh [M.-J. Ni, R. Munipalli, N.B. Morley, P. Huang, M.A. Abdou, A current density conservative scheme for incompressible MHD flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number. Part I: on a rectangular collocated grid system, Journal of Computational Physics 227 (2007) 174–204] and on an arbitrary collocated mesh [M.-J. Ni, R. Munipalli, P. Huang, N.B. Morley, M.A. Abdou, A current density conservative scheme for incompressible MHD flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number. Part II: on an arbitrary collocated mesh, Journal of Computational Physics 227 (2007) 205–228] has been extended and specially designed for calculation of the Lorentz force on a staggered grid system (Part III) by solving the electrical potential equation for magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) at a low magnetic Reynolds number. In a staggered mesh, pressure (p) and electrical potential (φ) are located in the cell center, while velocities and current fluxes are located on the cell faces of a main control volume. The scheme numerically meets the physical conservation laws, charge conservation law and momentum conservation law. Physically, the Lorentz force conserves the momentum when the magnetic field is constant or spatial coordinate independent. The calculation of current density fluxes on cell faces is conducted using a scheme consistent with the discretization for solution of the electrical potential Poisson equation, which can ensure the calculated current density conserves the charge. A divergence formula of the Lorentz force is used to calculate the Lorentz force at the cell center of a main control volume, which can numerically conserve the momentum at constant or spatial coordinate independent magnetic field. The calculated cell-center Lorentz forces are then interpolated to the cell faces, which are used to obtain the corresponding velocity fluxes by solving the momentum equations. The “conservative” is an important property of the scheme, which can guarantee computational accuracy of MHD flows at high Hartmann number with a strongly non-uniform mesh employed to resolve the Hartmann layers and side layers. 2D fully developed MHD flows with analytical solutions available have been conducted to validate the scheme at a staggered mesh. 3D MHD flows, with the experimental data available, at a constant magnetic field in a rectangular duct with sudden expansion and at a varying magnetic field in a rectangular duct are conducted on a staggered mesh to verify the computational accuracy of the scheme. It is expected that the scheme for the Lorentz force can be employed together with a fully conservative scheme for the convective term and the pressure term [Y. Morinishi, T.S. Lund, O.V. Vasilyev, P. Moin, Fully conservative higher order finite difference schemes for incompressible flow, Journal of Computational Physics 143 (1998) 90–124] for direct simulation of MHD turbulence and MHD instability with good accuracy at a staggered mesh.     

Nonlinear dynamics of the interface between fluids at the suppression of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability by a tangential electric field

The nonlinear dynamics of the interface between ideal dielectric fluids in the presence of tangential discontinuity of the velocity at the interface and the stabilizing action of the horizontal electric field is examined. It is shown that the regime of motion of the interface where liquids move along the field lines occurs in the state of neutral equilibrium where electrostatic forces suppress Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. The equations of motion of the interface describing this regime can be reduced to an arbitrary number of ordinary differential equations describing the propagation and interaction of structurally stable solitary waves, viz. rational solitons. It is shown that weakly interacting solitary waves recover their shape and velocity after collision, whereas strongly interacting solitary waves can form a wave packet (breather).     

Invalidation of the Kelvin force in ferrofluids

Direct and unambiguous experimental evidence for the magnetic force density being of the form MnablaB in a certain geometry-rather than being the Kelvin force MnablaH--is provided for the first time. ( M is the magnetization, H is the field, and B is the flux density.)     

气垫导轨上的电磁感应实验

利用滑块带动金属杆切割亥姆霍兹线圈中心区域匀强磁场的磁感应线,可以产生感应电动势.通过实验可以验证感应电动势大小与金属杆运动速度、长度以及磁感应强度之间的关系,也可以验证感应电动势大小和磁通量变化率成正比.