“研究充水玻璃管中气泡的运动规律”实验的PPT动画模拟

在研究物体匀速直线运动时,苏科版8年级物理上的第五章"物体的运动"是通过实验"研究充水玻璃管中气泡的运动规律"来实现的[1].生活中要想找到可供课堂上实验的"匀速直线运动"的物体的确不容易,教材上的探究活动可以说很好,能够很大程度上实现小组合作,切实体现出学生的实验活动.但是,在实验的过程中,笔者发现实验的背后隐藏着诸多不足之处,如玻璃管易碎,实验时要处处小心;其     

弹簧端点的运动模式

理论推导得到水平放置弹簧端点和重力场中下落弹簧端点作匀速直线运动;做了魔力弹簧的实验,验证了这个推论.     

平抛运动演示仪的创新与自制

现有的平抛运动演示仪存在实验现象不直观、操作繁琐耗时长、器材昂贵等缺点,因此,选择生活中常见的器材自制教具.巧妙地利用联动装置保证了小球同时运动,生动形象地演示平抛运动在水平和竖直方向的运动情况,同时利用磁性小球和磁性画板描绘其运动轨迹.能使学生直观明了地观察到做平抛运动的物体的运动轨迹,同时教具操作简单方便,经久耐用.     

气泡对旋光实验的影响

在旋光实验中 ,不同大小的气泡对实验的影响 ,详细分析了各种影响的起因。     

打点计时器的缺陷对两个学生实验的影响

分析了打点计时器的缺陷对两个学生实验的影响,提出了克服缺陷的方法。     

关于匀速直线运动实验的改进

苏科版初中物理教材中通过研究“充水玻璃管中的气泡运动”的实验来探究匀速直线运动规律,但按照教材实验步骤进行操作,由于气泡上升得较快,无法达到预期效果.笔者为此进行了相关实验的对比研究,并对实验过程进行视频拍摄和分析,找到了一个简单易行的实验方法,即采用红色蜡块代替空气柱,研究其运动规律,并提出了相应修正方案.     

黏性液体中单个气泡上升的形状特性

采用基于Level Set方法的直接数值模拟技术对黏性液体中单个气泡的上升运动进行三维模拟.数值模拟采用拟单相流模型处理气泡内外的气液两相流动,应用Level Set方法捕捉运动气泡的变形.针对Eo数从O(0)～O(2),Mo数从O(-11)～O(2)的流动范围,重点研究了上升气泡的形状特性,并与经典的气泡形状图谱进行了比较.模拟结果表明,上升气泡的形状与无量纲参数(Eo、Mo和Re)密切相关.在高Re的扁椭球区域,数值发现了气泡形状的周期性振荡行为.     

电场对注入气泡和沸腾气泡影响的实验研究

本文主要研究了直流电场对冷态注入氮气气泡和R113沸腾气泡行为的影响.利用高速摄像机拍摄了冷态注入气泡和热态沸腾气泡在不同场强作用下的实验图像,并对气泡的脱离进行了定量分析.实验结果表明:注入氮气气泡和沸腾气泡沿电场方向显著伸长,其脱离长径比随着场强升高而增大,并且电场对沸腾气泡伸长行为的影响更显著.此外,注入气泡和沸腾气泡的脱离体积随着场强增大都具有减小的趋势,而且注入气泡体积随场强减小的行为更明显.     

探究滑轮组机械效率实验装置的创新设计

利用ESP32自制力传感器,将装有绕线轮的电动机固定在力传感器上,匀速提升物体时可直接测量拉力,借助亚克力板上的刻度线记录重物与自由端移动的距离.分别改变物重、动滑轮重、摩擦情况和滑轮组的绕线方式,探究了提升滑轮组机械效率的方式.该实验能够充分发挥课程的实践性,提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,促进学生深度学习,有效培养学生的学科核心素养.     

高速摄影技术对水中气泡运动规律的研究

气泡在许多不同过程中起着重要作用.舰船尾流中的气泡提供了这样一个线索,即基于对气泡的特性研究,并以此对舰船进行追踪是一种独特的方法.用高速摄影技术来研究气泡,具有直观、低费用的优点,配合以半自动胶片判读仪,可获得较为详细的关于气泡的参量.实验结果表明,水中气泡上升速度的大小都在随时间减小,气泡的末速度存在一极值,它与一定大小的气泡相对应.文中详细讨论了水中气泡的动力学特征,并与高速摄影所得到的气泡图象数据进行了比较,其结果的一致性肯定了高速摄影技术对水中气泡运动规律的研究中的重要性     

充水阻抗管中测量材料声学性能的校准方法研究

提出了一种在充水阻抗管中,应用传递函数测量材料声学性能的三参数校准方法。在双传感器传递函数法的基础上,考虑充水阻抗管中水听器间不一致性和管内结构对声场局部扰动等因素的校准,导出了三个综合的无量纲校准参数。通过改变充水阻抗管中测量面的三个已知反射系数,测量出对应的三个传递函数,可以求出这三个校准参数。在充水阻抗管中分别对水/空气界面和一种水声材料进行了测量试验,应用该方法对测量结果的进行了校准,并对校准前后的结果进行了分析比较。     

Generation of bubbles in glass by a femtosecond laser

Permanent microscale bubbles with varied size and number density are induced in borosilicate glasses by adjusting the focusing depth (FD) of a tightly focused femtosecond laser. With continuously increasing of the focusing depth, the average size of generated bubbles experiences an increase-decrease process. However, the number density of generated bubbles experiences an opposite changing process compared to the change of the size. The possible mechanism for the bubble generation and changing with the focusing depth has been discussed.     

充氩弗兰克-赫兹实验研究

为了研究氩原子的激发电位,对充氩弗兰克-赫兹管在不同的灯丝电压、栅极电压和加速电压下进行了实验,分析了获得的实验曲线;得到使用该弗兰克-赫兹管实验时的最佳参数为灯丝电压3.2 V、栅极电压1.0 V、拒斥电压10.0 V.在该参数下测得氩原子的激发电位为11.61 V,并进行了详细的讨论;表明该值本质上应为氩原子第一亚稳态的激发电位,或两个亚稳态激发电位的一定概率比.     

Turbulent convective heat transfer in an inclined tube filled with sodium

Turbulent free convection of liquid sodium in a straight thermally insulated tube with a length equal to 20 diameters and with end heat exchangers ensuring a fixed temperature drop is investigated experimentally. The experiments are performed for a fixed Rayleigh number Ra = 2.4 × 10⁶ and various angles of inclination of the tube relative to the vertical. A strong dependence of the power transferred along the tube on the angle of inclination is revealed: the Nusselt number in the angular range under investigation changes by an order of magnitude with a maximum at the angle of 65° with the vertical. The characteristics of large-scale circulation and turbulent temperature pulsations show that convective heat transfer is mainly determined by the velocity of large-scale circulation of sodium. Turbulent pulsations are maximal for small angles of inclination (α = 20°–30°) and reduce the heat flux along the channel, although in the limit of small angles (vertical tube), there is no large-scale circulation, and the convective heat flux, which is an order of magnitude larger than the molecular heat flux, is ensured only by small scale (turbulent) flow.     

Production of large size single transient cavitation bubbles with tube arrest method

Large size single transient cavitation bubbles of maximum diameter up to 3 cm with sonoluminescence have been generated in water by the ‘tube arrest' method. A simplified one-dimensional model of bubble growing and water column motion is proposed. The results of numerical simulation are compared with the experimental data of the bubble size and oscillation period as the key parameters.     

超声空化泡运动特性的研究进展

超声空化是一个极其复杂的物理现象,超声空化泡运动是影响超声空化效应的重要因素,研究超声空化泡的运动特性已受到学术界的极大重视。本文研究了近几年国内外学者基于超声作用下的空化泡运动特性的工作,从空化泡运动方程、数值模拟、实验研究等方面介绍了超声空化泡运动特性的研究进展。最后指出了研究中需解决的关键问题,同时对超声空化泡的研究趋势进行了展望。     

Acoustic field of a point source in water with air bubbles

A model problem of sound wave propagation from a point source located in water at the center of a spherical bubble cloud is solved. The resulting dependences of wave attenuation on the sound frequency and bubble concentration are compared with those obtained in the approximation of a quasi-homogeneous medium. The validity limits of this approximation are determined.     

Theoretical analysis of a relativistic travelling wave tube filled with plasma

A cold and uniform plasma-filled travelling wave tube with sinusoidally corrugated slow wave structure is driven by a finite thick annular intense relativistic electron beam with the entire system immersed in a strong longitudinal magnetic field. By means of the linear field theory, the dispersion relation for the relativistic travelling wave tube (RTWT) is derived. By numerical computation, the dispersion characteristics of the RTWT are analysed in different cases of various geometric parameters of the slow wave structure and plasma densities. Also the gain versus frequency for three different plasma densities and the peak gain of the tube versus plasma density are analysed. Some useful results are obtained on the basis of the discussion.