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纳米管结构聚苯胺的电阻率和磁化率 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
研究了用自组装法制备的质子酸掺杂的纳米管结构聚苯胺的电阻率(ρ)和磁化率随温度变化的依赖关系,讨论了质子酸掺杂浓度、不同对阴离子以及苯胺单体与质子酸聚合时反应浓度对纳米管结构聚苯胺电学性质的影响.实验结果表明,lnρ和T-1/2呈线性关系,不同对阴离子对聚苯胺的电阻率影响很大,随着质子酸掺杂浓度以及苯胺单体与质子酸聚合时反应浓度的增大,聚苯胺的电阻率明显减小;而且,其磁化率可以表示为与温度无关的泡利顺磁性和符合居里定律的顺磁性之和. 相似文献
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本文用Raman与红外光谱表征质子辐照聚苯胺的结构。聚苯胺的红外光谱的主要吸收峰经低能和高能质子辐照后分别向高频移动2—12cm~(-1)和5—26cm~(-1)。在1228,1344,1380和1444cm~(-1)处的Raman带在低能质子辐照后分别移到1236,1348,1392和1456cm~(-1),在804,1588和1620cm~(-1)处的Raman带,经高能质子辐照后分别移到808,1592和1624cm~(-1)。醌型结构的拉曼线1588cm~(-1)也上移4cm~(-1)。这些结果表明,质子辐照不同于质子酸的掺杂(质子化过程)而是引起聚苯胺中分子链的断裂。 相似文献
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高压科学是研究不同压力条件下物质的结构、状态、理化性质及变化规律的学科。在高压科学研究中,多以凝聚态物质为研究对象,涉及的领域也非常广泛,包括物理学、化学、材料学、地质学、生物学、航天学等等,是一门以实验为基础的学科。高压科学之所以能成为一门独立的学科,还因为高压研究需要使用特殊且精巧的技术和方法来实现,是以技术创新为牵引的科学研究领域。而今,各种实验测试手段已经可以成熟地运用在该学科中,比较常见的有:高压拉曼散射、高压红外光谱、高压布里渊散射、高压同步辐射XRD、高压电学测量以及高压磁学测量等诸多技术。文章系统介绍了以上高压原位实验测试方法的原理、发展、作用及应用,有助于读者对原位高压测试技术有更深刻的认识和理解,为更高压力下的原位高压探测技术的发展提供重要的基础和借鉴。 相似文献
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用LMTO法(线性Muffin-Tin轨道法),计算了金属铝的超高压电子结构及零温物态方程。Al的压缩比到10,压力达10 TPa。根据第一原理计算结果,在带结构方面,s带总是处于Fermi能以下,随着压力的增加,s、p和d的带宽增加,随后则杂化程度增加,所以s、d轨道的电子占据数连续变化。上述变化对压力的影响也是连续的,换言之,从s→d转变没有理由说明Al在0.5 TPa附近冲击Hugoniot的斜率的拐弯现象。而这一点则是与Altshuler的观点不同。物态方程的第一原理计算结果表明,bcc结构比fcc结构要软,但因差别不很大,即使发生fcc→bcc的转变,也不会引起Hugoniot的质的变化(拐弯)。Al的LMTO物态方程还表明,我们以前所采用的半经验的冷压误差可达30%。为此,根据LMTO结果,给出新的冷压表达式p=∑i=05aiδi/3,δ=Ω0/Ω,其中a0=-7.327 79,a1=18.754 3,a2=10.209 7,a3=-2.523 53,a4=-4.787 2,a5=6.065 94,拟合误差小于3%。 相似文献
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运用密度泛函理论研究了钒(Vanadium)在高压下的结构相变。 通过对体心立方(bcc)结构的钒在不同压强下剪切弹性系数C44的计算, 发现当压强约95 GPa时 C44<0, 说明体心立方结构的钒在此条件下是不稳定的。 进一步计算分析得到钒在高压下发生了从体心立方到菱面体 (Rhombohedral)的结构相变, 相变压强约70 GPa, 这一结果与最近的实验结果符合。 还首次发现当压强约380 GPa时, 将会发生菱面体到体心立方的结构相变, 这有待实验的验证。We have studied the structure phase transition of Vanadium under high pressures by density function theory. A mechanical instability in the shear elastic constant (C44) has been found for body centred cubic(bcc) Vanadium at about 95 GPa, which indicates the existence of the structural transition. By calculation and analysis, we found that there was a bcc rhombohedral structure transition at the 70 GPa, which is consistent with the experiment data. Our calculations also firstly gave that there was a rhombohedral bcc structure transition at about 380 GPa, which needs to be verified by the experiment. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTShort alanine (Ala) oligopeptides in aqueous solution adopt polyproline II [PPII; (φ, ψ)?=?(?60°, 150°)] and extended β conformations [(φ, ψ)?=?(?150°, 150°)], whose conformers are related to the denatured state of proteins. In this study, we investigated pressure-induced conformational changes of penta- and hexa-alanines (Ala5 and Ala6, respectively) in aqueous solutions using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A remarkable observation was that two peaks at 1620 and 1690 cm?1 in Ala6 assigned to the intermolecular β-sheets were generated with increasing pressure. These peaks were not observed in Ala5. Our analyses of absorbance changes and frequency shifts further suggested that pressure was responsible for the PPII?→?β conformational change of Ala5, and the PPII?→?intermolecular β-sheet structure of Ala6, respectively. These results indicated a differing conformational stability of Ala5 under high pressure as compared with Ala6. 相似文献
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An experimental set-up for Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) studies at high pressure in the mid-IR region (400–4000 cm?1) is constructed using a compact TEO-400 FTIR interferometer module and an external microscopic optical bench with cassegrain focusing objectives. Cassegrain-type reflective objectives act as an excellent beam condenser that facilitates the interfacing between FTIR spectrometer and diamond anvil cell. This set-up is capable of recording transmission and reflection infrared spectra at high pressure. Preliminary results are reported both in the reflection (pressure dependence of polar phonons in CuWO4) and transmission configuration (polarized light absorption of polar phonons across the wurtzite-to-rocksalt transition in ZnO). 相似文献
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为研究超高压处理对冷藏鲈鱼片品质及组织结构变化的影响,将新鲜鲈鱼片经不同超高压(200、250、300MPa,保压时间9min)处理后,置于4℃条件下贮藏。分别于0、4、8、11、13、15d进行样品的理化指标(pH值、硬度、持水力、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值)和微生物指标(菌落总数)测定,并结合低场核磁共振技术表征其水分迁移状态,辅以外观及微观结构观察,进行指标间的相关性分析,以综合评价超高压处理对冷藏鲈鱼片品质及组织结构变化的影响。结果显示:随着贮藏时间的延长,样品的pH值呈先降后升的变化趋势,压力大小与pH值变化正相关,与硬度值、持水力负相关;超高压处理能抑制样品的TBA值、TVB-N值及菌落总数的上升,压力越高,抑制效果越显著。低场核磁共振技术结合持水力数据显示:超高压处理后鱼肉水分迁移变化明显;随着压力的增大,鱼肉样品表面呈乳白色,蒸煮效果显著。观察样品肌肉组织的微观结构得出,经超高压处理后,鱼体肌肉组织变得模糊,肌纤维结构紧致无序,其中300MPa处理组样品呈明显凝胶状。超高压处理能抑制样品的脂肪氧化和微生物生长,但会对样品外观、色泽及持水力产生不利影响。进行指标间的相关性分析得到,TVB-N、TBA值和菌落总数能作为判断鲈鱼鲜度的重要指标。比较各组别间的结果差异性,以250MPa、9min超高压处理的综合评价效果相对较好,能使鲈鱼片的冷藏货架期至少延长4d。
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LI Gong ZHAN Zaiji LIU Jing YUN Jinku SUN Liling LIU Riping ZHANG Jun & WANG Wenkui . Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science Technology Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China . Center for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China . BSRF Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学G辑(英文版)》2005,48(3)
With the development of multicomponent Zr-based glass bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) with a larger geometry by a conventional casting process with a low coolingrate[1—4], high pressure, which is the simplest way to vary the interatomic distance ofsubstance and thus change its physical properties, has been employed as an importantmeans to investigate structural relaxation and the crystallization of the BMGs[5]. Relativeto crystalline, metallic glasses have excess free volume, which will annihil… 相似文献
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The results are presented of an ab initio total energy study of the high-pressure phases of GaN x As1? x dilute alloys calculated within the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method in the generalized gradient approximation. Three candidate structures, namely zinc-blende, rocksalt and CsCl, have been considered. In each case, the structural parameters and transition pressures of dilute alloys of interest are calculated. In agreement with earlier calculations of Stenuit and Fahy [Phys. Rev. B 76 (2007) 035201], the deviation of the lattice constants from Vegard's law for zinc-blende GaN x As1? x alloys is found to be negligible. 相似文献
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F. Ono M. Saigusa Y. Matsushima N.L. Saini 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2008,69(9):2297-2300
Terrestrial tardigrade is known to show very strong anti-environmental character at a dehydrated state called “tun” state. It was reported to be alive after exposed to the hydrostatic pressure of 0.6 GPa, which was almost twice higher than the limit for most bacteria and multi-organisms. However, the limit of the hydrostatic pressure above which tardigrades cannot survive is unknown. We performed an experiment to put tardigrades into high hydrostatic pressure of 7.5 GPa, more than 10-times higher than investigated so far, and convinced that they can survive after exposure to 7.5 GPa for up to 12 h. 相似文献
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本文在常压高温和高压高温条件下合成出了Nd2-xCexCuO4(x=0~0.20)系列样品,对比研究了两种不同条件下合成产物的结构特征与室温至液氮温区的导电性质。测试分析结果表明,高温高压(1.7 GPa,800 ℃,10 min)合成的样品与常压高温(1 000 ℃,10 h)烧结的样品具有相同的四方结构,但晶格常数随掺杂量变化有所不同,高压合成产物的c轴随掺杂量基本不变,而常压烧结样品c轴随掺杂量增加呈下降趋势。两种条件合成的样品在液氮温区均呈现出不同程度的半导体特征,经过一次高温淬火后处理后,高压样品的导电性质明显优于常压样品。实验结果表明,高压可以降低固相反应的合成温度,缩短反应时间,特别是高压的还原作用有利于产物导电性质的改善。 相似文献
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High-pressure structural properties of tetramethylsilane are investigated by synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction at pressures up to 31.1 GPa and room temperature. A phase with the space group of Pnma is found to appear at 4.2 GPa. Upon compression, the compound transforms to two following phases: the phase with space groups of P2_1/c at 9.9 GPa and the phase with P2/m at 18.2 GPa successively via a transitional phase. The unique structural character of P2_1/c supports the phase stability of tetramethylsilane without possible decomposition upon heavy compression. The appearance of the P2/m phase suggests the possible realization of metallization for this material at higher pressure. 相似文献