聚乙二醇修饰蛋白体系的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳染色方法新探

比较了聚乙二醇修饰蛋白体系的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)银染、考染、碘化钡染色3种染色方法;提出和比较了银染-碘化钡复染和考染-碘化钡复染2种复染方法.结果表明,银染-碘化钡复染的凝胶中,未修饰蛋白条带消失,PEG修饰蛋白条带保留,游离PEG条带显色;而考染-碘化钡复染的凝胶中,未修饰蛋白、修饰蛋白和游离的PEG条带可同时显色.两种复染方法中,PEG组分的检测限均达到了0.01μg.因此,对PEG修饰蛋白体系的SDS-PAGE可先用考染或银染后再用碘化钡复染,便可在同一块凝胶上先后或同时观察到未修饰蛋白、修饰蛋白和游离PEG的情况,简化了实验操作,方便了实验结果的比较分析.     

分子生物学手段检测转Bt基因棉花中Cry杀虫蛋白的定性和定量方法

建立了转Bt基因棉花中Cry杀虫蛋白的提取、样品前处理以及酶联免疫(ELISA)定量分析方法,并使用凝胶电泳、普通聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和实时荧光定量PCR等分子生物学手段对转基因棉花中的Bt基因进行定性和定量检测.所建立的苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白(Cry1Ab蛋白和Cry1Ac蛋白)标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数r2均大于0.999,相对标准偏差RSD均小于2.0%.方法简单、快速、重现性和精密度好,可为农业食品行业和环境领域科研人员提供一种简便快速地从转基因棉花中检测Bt毒蛋白的分析方法.     

Mass Spectrometry and X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Two Crystal Types of Dioclea virgata Lectin: An Antinociceptive Protein Candidate to Structure/Function Analysis

The lectin from seeds of Dioclea virgata (DvirL) was purified in a single step affinity chromatography, sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry and submitted to crystallization and biological experiments. DvirL has a molecular mass of 25,412?±?2 Da and the chains β and γ has 12,817 Da?±?2 and 12,612 Da?±?2, respectively. Primary sequence determination was assigned by tandem mass spectrometry and revealed a protein with 237 amino acids and 87% of identify with ConA. The protein crystals were obtained native and complexed with X-Man using vapor-diffusion method at a constant temperature of 293 K. A complete X-ray dataset was collected at 1.8 ? resolution. DvirL crystals were found to be orthorhombic, belonging to the space group I222, with a unit cell parameters a?=?647.5 ?, b?=?86.6 ?, c?=?90.2 ?. Molecular replacement search found a solution with a correlation coefficient of 77.1% and an R(factor) of 44.6%. The present study also demonstrated that D. virgata lectin presents edematogenic and antinociceptive activities in rodents electing this protein as a candidate to structure/function analysis.     

Thermodynamic Properties of Linear Protein Solutions: an Application to Type I Antifreeze Protein Solutions

A statistical thermodynamic theory of linear protein solutions was proposed with the aid of a lattice model and applied to type I antifreeze protein(AFPI) solutions. The numerical results for several AFPI solutions show that the Gibbs function of the solution has a minimum at a certain protein concentration, but the protein chemical potential increases with increasing the concentration. The influences of temperature and protein chain length on the AFPI chemical potential were also discussed. The evaluation for the colligative depression of the freezing point confirms that the antifreeze action should be recognized as non-colligative. The theoretical deduction for the concentration dependence of the thermal hysteresis activity coincides qualitatively with the previous experimental and theoretical results.     

圆二色光谱分析蛋白质构象的方法及研究进展

介绍了远紫外圆二色光谱数据计算蛋白质二级结构,辨认蛋白质三级结构类型的原理、拟合方法、实验技术。对近紫外圆二色作为光谱探针,研究蛋白质中芳香氨基酸残基、二硫键微环境的变化作了简单介绍。     

探针体在蛋白质大分子上Langmuir吸附聚集及应用──蛋白质/荧光桃红B(PB)结合反应研究

蛋白质化学是生物化学家当今感兴趣的前沿研究领域. 研究小分子(离子)在生物大分子上的聚集形式以及机理, 帮助人们弄清其污染物及毒物在生物大分子上的结合, 在病理分析、临床检测以及基因变异有重要意义. 常用光谱分析方法包括分光光度法[1～6]、荧光法[7,8]和共振光散射光谱技术(RRS)等[9～12]. 但是, 大分子与探针分子间的结合机理仍存在一些尚未解决的问题[13,14]. 蛋白质分子由于复杂的立体构象形成弱微静电场[15,16], 在其作用下, 带电荷的小分子以单分子层形式被吸附到微相电场表面.     

氢氘交换质谱技术在蛋白质和蛋白复合物结构研究中的应用进展

蛋白质是生命功能的执行者,其功能的发挥受自身结构动态变化、与其他生物分子的相互作用及修饰等因素的调节。因此,对蛋白质及蛋白复合物结构的研究有助于揭示重要生命过程中的分子机理与机制。氢氘交换质谱(Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry,HDX-MS)是研究蛋白质结构、动态变化和相互作用的强有力工具,也是传统生物物理手段的重要补充。该文综述了HDX-MS的基本原理、机制、实验方法和研究最新进展,并从蛋白质自身动态变化、蛋白质-小分子相互作用、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用3个方面介绍了近年来HDX-MS在蛋白及蛋白复合物研究中的应用进展。     

蛋白质、凝胶电泳及其分析应用

蛋白质是重要的生物高分子，具有催化、传输、运动、防御和调节等重要生理功能，其分离、纯化和表征对理解和利用它们在生命过程中的作用具有重大理论意义和实际价值。凝胶电泳是蛋白质测定中应用最广泛和最强有力的工具。本文讨论凝胶电泳方法及其在蛋白质分析方面的新进展。首先介绍蛋白质的性质和功能，然后讨论蛋白质试样制备方法，最后评述各种凝胶电泳分离技术及其在蛋白质分离、纯化和表征等方面的应用。     

离子对试剂及其在多肽及蛋白质分离分析中的应用

离子对试剂是实现反相离子对色谱(Reversed-phase Ion-pair Chromatography,RPIC)快速灵敏和高分辨的关键因素.离子对试剂的正确选择和适当的添加,对多肽及蛋白质的分离分析有着显著影响.本文介绍了RPIC的基本原理及其在蛋白多肽分析中的应用前景,并详细阐述了常用离子对试剂的种类、特点及...     

Time Window Expansion for HDX Analysis of an Intrinsically Disordered Protein

Application of typical HDX methods to examine intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP), proteins that are natively unstructured and highly dynamic at physiological pH, is limited because of the rapid exchange of unprotected amide hydrogens with solvent. The exchange rates of these fast exchanging amides are usually faster than the shortest time scale (10 s) employed in typical automated HDX-MS experiments. Considering the functional importance of IDPs and their association with many diseases, it is valuable to develop methods that allow the study of solution dynamics of these proteins as well as the ability to probe the interaction of IDPs with their wide range of binding partners. Here, we report the application of time window expansion to the millisecond range by altering the on-exchange pH of the HDX experiment to study a well-characterized IDP; the activation domain of the nuclear receptor coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α). This method enabled mapping the regions of PGC-1α that are stabilized upon binding the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). We further demonstrate the method’s applicability to other binding partners of the IDP PGC-1α and pave the way for characterizing many other biologically important ID proteins.

纳米材料在蛋白磷酸化分析中的应用研究

蛋白质磷酸化修饰是一种重要的蛋白质翻译后修饰,在细胞代谢过程中发挥着重要作用。当蛋白质的正常磷酸化调节发生异常时,会导致癌症、糖尿病、心脏病等各种疾病的发生。因此,蛋白磷酸化分析对于疾病的早期快速诊断、药物筛选和治疗等方面具有重大的意义。由于蛋白质磷酸化过程是动态的,并且磷酸化肽段或蛋白在生物样品中的含量较低,因此高灵敏的蛋白磷酸化分析面临着巨大的挑战。该文依据在检测过程中,选择性识别或捕获磷酸化的肽段或蛋白的主要机理,综述了近几年纳米材料对磷酸化肽段的富集和信号放大作用在蛋白磷酸化分析中的研究进展,并对其未来研究方向进行了展望。     

反相液相色谱在蛋白质及多肽分离分析中的应用

反相液相色谱是一种以疏水作用为基础的色谱分离模式。由于它具有分辨率高、重复性好、回收率高等优点,在蛋白质及多肽的分离分析中得到了极为广泛的应用。本文简要介绍了反相液相色谱及其分离机理,对其在蛋白质和多肽研究中的应用如分离纯化、肽图分析、酶活测定、构象变化检测及疏水作用研究等作系统综述,并展望了反相液相色谱在这一领域的发展前景。     

Laser‐Initiated Radical Trifluoromethylation of Peptides and Proteins: Application to Mass‐Spectrometry‐Based Protein Footprinting

Described is a novel, laser‐initiated radical trifluoromethylation for protein footprinting and its broad residue coverage. ^.CF₃ reacts with 18 of the 20 common amino acids, including Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Asp, and Glu, which are relatively silent with regard to ^.OH. This new approach to footprinting is a bridge between trifluoromethylation in materials and medicinal chemistry and structural biology and biotechnology. Its application to a membrane protein and to myoglobin show that the approach is sensitive to protein conformational change and solvent accessibility.     

未知物组分剖析:方法思路及最新应用

综述了未知物组分剖析的技术特点及难点。介绍了剖析的一般实施步骤及常用仪器方法,对定性定量困难等问题进行讨论。归纳了未知物组分剖析技术在成分分析、反向工程、健康环保及失效分析领域的最新应用进展。