新试剂4,4'-二[3-(4-苯基-2-噻唑基)三氮烯基]联苯与阳离子表面活性剂显色反应的研究

本文研究了新试剂4,4'-二[3-(4-苯基-2-噻唑基)三氮烯基]联苯(BPTTBP)与阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)和溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)的显色反应.结果表明,在NaOH碱性介质中,试剂BPTTBP分别与CPB和CTMAB形成紫色离子缔合物,最大吸收波长为607 nm.试剂BPTTBP与CPB和CTMAB的缔合比均为1:1,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为2.46×10 4 L·mol-1·cm-1和1.82×10 4 L·mol-1·cm-1,CPB和CTMAB含量在0～1.0×10-5 mol·L-1范围内符合比耳定律.方法直接用于废水中微量CPB和CTMAB的测定,结果满意.     

邻羟基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯与季铵盐型表面活性剂显色反应的研究及应用

研究了显色剂邻羟基苯基重氮氦基偶氛苯(HDAA)与季铵盐型表面活性剂的显色反应。在0．1mol·L-1的氢氧化钠介质中,试剂与溴化十六烷基三甲胺(CTMAB)、溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)和氯化十六烷基吡啶分别形成玫瑰红色离子缔合物,缔合比均为13,CTMAB体系λmax＝558nm,CPB和CPC体系λmax＝562nm,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为1．34×104,1．03×104和1．47×104L·mol-1·cm-1。探讨了微量CTMAB、CPB和CPC的测定方法,结果满意。     

新试剂4,4′-二[3-(4-苯基-2-噻唑基)三氮烯基]联苯与阳离子表面活性剂显色反应的研究

本文研究了新试剂4,4′-二[3-(4-苯基-2-噻唑基)三氮烯基]联苯(BPTTBP)与阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)和溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)的显色反应。结果表明,在NaOH碱性介质中,试剂BPTTBP分别与CPB和CTMAB形成紫色离子缔合物,最大吸收波长为607nm。试剂BPTTBP与CPB和CTMAB的缔合比均为1∶1,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为2.46×104L·mol-1·cm-1和1.82×104L·mol-1·cm-1,CPB和CTMAB含量在0～1.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内符合比耳定律。方法直接用于废水中微量CPB和CTMAB的测定,结果满意。     

新试剂1-(2-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯的合成及与季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂的显色反应

合成了新试剂1-(2-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)-3-[4(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯(HDNPAPT),研究了该试剂在NaOH介质中与阳离子表面活性剂漠化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)、溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)、溴化十二烷基二苄铰(DDMBAB)形成1:3的紫红色离子缔合物显色体系.测定了显色体系表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度、表观摩尔吸光系数ε_(max)、符合比尔定律的范围.探讨了微量阳离子表面活性剂CMTAB、CPB和DDMBAB的测定方法,结果满意.     

季胺盐型表面活性剂与镁试剂I显色反应的研究及其分析应用

本文研究了季胺盐型表面活性剂ＣＰＢ、ＣＴＭＡＢ以单分子及胶束形式与镁试剂Ｉ的显色反应。认为单分子或胶束与镁试剂Ｉ反应均为离子缔合机理，缔合比均为２：１，且造成镁试剂Ｉ的吸收光谱相同波数的红移，但形成胶束后εｍａｘ和镁试剂Ｉ的Ｋａ２增加的更大。应用该显色体系测定了ＣＰＢ、ＣＴＭＡＢ的临界胶束浓度，探讨了微量ＣＰＢ、ＣＴＭＡＢ测定的可能性。     

有机溶剂化效应对多元配合物显色反应作用的研究 Ⅰ.有机溶剂对 M-CAS-CTMAB 体系显色反应微环境影响之初探

本文研究了有机溶剂加入后,表面活性剂增敏型体系微环境的变化。用核磁共振方法确定了有机溶剂分子与CTMAB胶束分子的作用部位。通过CTMAB溶液电导率测定及c.m.c值的测定,发现有机溶剂加入确实形成了一种新胶束。还研究了有机溶剂对显色反应速度的影响。并考察了体系微环境变化与相应显色液吸光度值的关系。我们的实验初步表明,有机溶剂的存在,改变了原有的CTMAB胶束,是增敏作用的重要因素,因而改变了发生显色反应的微环境。     

氨基黑10B褪色光度法测定两种阳离子表面活性剂及其作用机理

在弱酸性的乙酸盐介质中,阳离子表面活性剂(CS)与氨基黑10B(AB)染料反应,形成离子缔合物,溶液颜色发生明显褪色,最大吸收在616 nm,CS的浓度在0~2.17×10-5mol.L-1(CPB)、0~2.09×10-5mol.L-1(CTMAB)范围内遵守比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.16×104L.mol-1.cm-1(CPB)、1.93×104L.mol-1.cm-1)(CTMAB),检出限为7.64×10-7mol.L-1(CPB)、1.31×10-6mol.L-1(CTMAB)。用于水样中CS的测定,还用密度泛函理论对反应机理进行了探讨,结果与试验事实相符合。     

1-(4-磺酸基苯基)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯与季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂的显色反应及应用

合成了１－（４－磺酸基苯基）－３－［４－（苯基偶氮）苯基］－三氮烯（ＳＰＡＰＴ）,研究了该试剂在强碱性介质中与季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）和溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）的显色反应体系,试剂与表面活性剂形成１∶３的紫红色离子缔合物,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为１．６７×１０４和１．０６×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。测定了显色体系中ＣＰＢ和ＣＴＭＡＢ的临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）,证明在比尔定律范围内,ＣＰＢ和ＣＴＭＡＢ均以单分子缔合显色。确定了显色体系最佳实验条件     

新显色剂4,4''''-对偶氮苯重氮氨基偶氮苯光度法测定溴化十六烷基三甲铵

研究了新显色剂4,4'-对偶氮苯重氮氨基偶氮苯与溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)的显色反应.结果表明,在0.5mol·L-1 NaOH介质中,显色剂与CTMAB发生灵敏的显色反应,形成11的紫红色缔合物,其最大吸收波为575 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为5.02×104L·mol-1·cm-1,CTMAB的含量在0～100μg/25 mL范围内遵守比耳定律.据此建立了水中微量CTMAB的光度测定方法.该法是目前测定微量CTMAB的高灵敏方法之一.在EDTA存在下,显色反应具有良好的选择性,可直接用于环境水样的分析.     

亮绿褪色反应用于微量季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂的分光光度法测定研究

在 p H 7.0 0 Tris- HCl缓冲介质中 ,微量季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲胺 ( CTMAB)和溴化十六烷基吡啶 ( CPB)能使亮绿 ( Brilliant Green,简称 BG)产生灵敏的褪色反应 ,发现其褪色程度ΔA (ΔA =A0 - Ai)与 CTMAB及 CPB用量存在定量关系。研究了该褪色反应的最佳条件 ,探讨了反应机理 ,拟定了利用该反应用于微量 CTMAB和 CPB的测定方法 ,CTMAB和 CPB的浓度分别在0～ 6× 1 0 - 5mol/ L ,0～ 8× 1 0 - 5mol/ L范围内符合比耳定律。拟定的方法用于电镀废液样品中微量 CTMAB的测定 ,结果满意     

The effect of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides on the thermal stability of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DOAB) vesicles in aqueous solutions

The influence of alkyl chain length in alkyltrimethylammonium bromides on the gel to liquid crystal transitions in DOAB versicles is examined using differential scanning microcalorimetric data. The changes in melting temperature, patch number and standard enthalpy of melting for DOAB vesicles depend strongly on added surfactants and their concentration. The data show that vesicles are readily penetrated by surfactant molecules when the vesicles are in the liquid crystal state and the penetration is facile when the length of alkyl chains in both surfactants and vesicles are comparable. Furthermore, the vesicles are made up of domains that differ in composition.     

On the adsorption and condensed film formation of binary mixtures of dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, hexadecyl-, and octadecyl-trimethylammonium bromides at the mercury–electrolyte interface

The adsorption and condensed film formation on mercury at the negative potential region for binary mixtures of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (OTAB) is studied in KBr at various temperatures from 5 to 45 °C. The formation of the CTAB condensed film is hindered with the addition of DTAB and TTAB. There are interactions between unlike hydrophobic chains. The strong interactions between the CTAB molecules do not take place when DTAB or TTAB is present above a certain concentration. This hindering is more pronounced in the case of TTAB compared to the same DTAB concentration, i.e. the increase of the chain length hinders the film formation. The initially adsorbed molecules play a templating role in the kinetics of the film formation and in the self-assembling of the molecules. The initial induction time strongly depends on the temperature. The less surface active CTAB can hinder the OTAB film formation in binary mixtures. Also, increased interaction between OTAB and CTAB can be observed, indicating synergy effects in the film formation in some cases. The temperature range that the film is formed can be changed using mixtures of surfactants. Thus, the development of the film can become impossible, more difficult or even easier. Hysteresis phenomena are observed. The capacity versus time curves in the case that condensed film is formed are treated with the Avrami plot formulation, giving values between 1.5 and 2 indicating a progressive one dimensional nucleation with constant growth rate or a decrease of the nucleation rate during the overall film formation. There is generally a marked effect of the chain length of the alkyl chain on the film formation.     

Viscosities of aqueous solutions of quaternary phosphonium bromides at 15, 25 and 35°C

The viscosities of aqueous solutions of Bu _4-n Ph _n PBr n=0–4 have been measured over the concentration range 0.01–0.2 M at 15, 25 and 35°C, to examine the differences in ion-water interactions of these quaternary cations. The viscosity data were treated by the extended Jones-Dole equation, including the square term in solute concentration, Dc². A decrease in the B coefficient with increase in the number of phenyl groups n, and with increasing temperature is observed. Nearly linear dependence of the B coefficient on n was found, in contrast with partial molal volumes for which non-linear relations with n have been found. D decreases with increasing temperature but becomes independent of n at higher temperatures.     

Spectrophotometric determination of bromide

A Spectrophotometric method for bromide determination has been developed. Bromide is converted to tribromide which absorbs at 267 nm. The detection limit is 0.01 g/ml bromide. As little as 0.4 g of bromide can be determined in an excess of chloride and sulfate with a coefficient of variation of 4%.     

DSC Investigations of DDAB,DTAB and DHAB Vesicle Aqueous Solutions in Presence of SDS

Interactions of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) with vesicles formed by synthetic dialkyldimethylammonium bromides i.e. didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), ditetradecyldimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), dihexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DHAB) have been examined by using differential scanning microcalorimetry and electron transmission microscopy. The temperatures and standard enthalpies characterising gel to liquid-crystal transitions increase significantly with increase of SDS concentration for all investigated systems. It means that incorporation of SDS monomers in these vesicular bilayers significantly stabilises their gel states. Moreover, in case of DDAB and DTAB vesicle systems added SDS limits kinetic features of recorded isobaric heat capacity dependencies on temperature observed earlier for the pure vesicular solutions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Photorearrangement of Propargyl Bromide as a Probe to Study Propargylic and Allenic Radicals by Infrared Matrix Isolation Technique

The photolysis of propargyl bromide in Ar matrix to form allenyl bromide proceeded with a radical mechanism. The deuterium label study and radical scavenger were used to investigate the mechanism. Neither propargyl nor allenyl radical was trapped in Ar matrix at 8 K. The rates of propargyl and allenyl radicals coupled with bromo radical are significantly fast. The stability of propargyl and allenyl radicals is discussed.     

Simple and Efficient Method for Obtaining Fluorene and Spirobifluorene Bromide Derivatives

A mild, simple, and efficient synthetic procedure for the preparation of 2-monobromo-, 2,7-dibromo-, and 2,2′,7,7′-tetrabromo-substituted spirobifluorene derivatives and their key intermediates, 2-monobromo- and 2,7-dibromo-substituted fluorene compounds, has been developed. The oxidative bromination of fluorene and spirobifluorene was achieved using NaBr/H₂O₂ as the bromine source. High conversion of the starting materials was achieved together with good selectivities under optimized reaction conditions.     

二甲基烯丙基胺/溴代烷烃系列季铵盐的合成与表征

以溴代烷与二甲基烯丙基胺(DMAA)为原料合成了二甲基烯丙基类季铵盐;探讨了反应温度、原料配比、反应时间及溶剂对反应产率的影响,确定了最佳合成条件;并采用红外光谱仪、核磁共振谱仪(1 H NMR)及质谱仪表征了产物的结构.     

Apparent molal volumes of phosphonium halides at 15, 25 and 35°C

The densities of aqueous solutions of the phosphonium halides, Bu _4-n Ph _n PX(n=0–4), some of which were synthesized from the phosphines, were measured at 15, 25 and 35°C. Partial molal volumes at infinite dilution, , and B _v coefficients for the apparent molal volumes were determined at each temperature. For the first four cations varies little with n. For all salts B _v are negative but become less negative with increasing n. The temperature dependence of B _v is positive for butyl-rich salts (n<2) but negative for phenyl-rich salts (n>1). Also it appears that is relatively large for phenyl-rich cations in comparison with that for butyl-rich cations.